初中英語被動語態(tài)(精講+精練)

PAGEPAGE5被動語態(tài)語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等被動詞來表示被動意義

一、語態(tài)結構比較語態(tài)

時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現在時①am\is\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V.p.p)一般將來時will\begoingto\be(about)to+do(V.)will+be+done(V.p.p)一般過去時①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V.p.p)現在進行時am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+being+done(V.p.p)過去進行時was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+being+done(V.p.p)現在完成時have\has+done(V.p.p.)have\has+been+done(V.p.p)過去完成時had+done(V.p.p.)had+been+done(V.p.p.)情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+V.情態(tài)動詞+be+done(V.p.p.)過去將來時would/should+V.would/shouldbe+done(V.p.p.)二、變被動句步驟1、把原主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z2、把動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问郊碽e+過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數隨主語的變化，而動詞的時態(tài)則保持不變。3、原主動句的主語如需要則放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現（注代詞的賓格），如不需要則可省略。4、其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)例句：一般現在時：主：Webelievehim.被：Heisbelievedbyus.一般過去時：主：Heboughthischildrensomepens.被：Somepenswereboughtforhischildrenbyhim.一般將來時：主：Everyonewillknowthetruthsoon.被：Thetruthwillbeknownbyeveryone.現在進行時：主：Maryismakingadoll.被：AdollisbeingmadebyMary.過去進行時：主：Theywerecarryingthehurtplayer.被：Thehurtplayerwasbeingcarriedbythem.現在完成時：主：Hehasreceivedtheletter.被：Theletterhasbeenreceivedbyhim.過去完成時：主：Theyhadbuilttenbridges.被：Tenbridgeshadbeenbuiltbythem.三、一般用法1.一般現在時的被動語態(tài)構成：is/am/are+及物動詞的過去分詞Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.Iamaskedtostudyhardbymymother.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構成：was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞Thenewshopwasbuiltlastyear.Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.3.現在完成時的被動語態(tài)構成：has/have+been+及物動詞的過去分詞Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構成：will+be+及物動詞的過去分詞Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構成：情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.Thedoormaybelockedinside.Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.6.現在進行時的被動語態(tài)構成：am/is/are+being+及物動詞的過去分詞UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.7.不定式的被動語態(tài)：to+be+及物動詞的過去分詞Therearetwobookstoberead.→Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.四、特殊用法1.不及物動詞無被動語態(tài)。如：happen,breakdown,comeoutWhatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2.有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。如：write,sell,rideThispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.3.感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶“to”，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上“to”。例：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.4.如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，直接賓語（物）作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應看作一個整體而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.五、帶雙賓語\o"編輯本段"在用于被動結構時，有些動詞可以帶雙賓語。在這種情況下，主動結構中的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，直接賓語仍然保留在謂語后面；直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，間接賓語前通常加上介詞for/to,etc.。即：S+V+IO+DO→IO+bedone+DO→DO+bedone+prep.+IOg.1)Myunclegaveme

agiftonmybirthday.→Iwasgiven

agiftonmybirthday.→Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.Weoftenhearhimplayguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplayguitar.→It

isoftenheardfromhim

toplayguitar.六、新興形式\o"編輯本段"Get+過去分詞也可以構成被動語態(tài)，用這種結構的句子側重于動作的結果而不是動作本身。如：Themangothurtonhiswayhome.那個男人在回家的路上受傷了。Howdidtheglassgetbroken?杯子怎么破了？Get+過去分詞的被動語態(tài)是一種新興的被動語態(tài)形式；相對來說它的使用還沒有Be+過去分詞構成的被動語態(tài)那么廣泛，一般限于口語和非正式書面語；但它卻有著用得愈來愈多的趨勢，是一種生氣蓬勃的語言現象。七、特別提醒\o"編輯本段"有些動詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，但改為被動結構后要加上“to”。Weheardhimsinginhisroomjustnow.Hewasheardtosinginhisroomjustnow.needdoingsomething也表示被動被動語態(tài)專項練習一、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。1.

Heoftenhelpshisbrother.

2.

PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.

3.

Theyfoundedthathospitalin1996.

4.

Hewasdoinghishomeworkatthistimeyesterday.

5.

Heaskedmetoworkonthefarmwithhim.

6.

Myfatherismendingmybike.

7.

Thewriterhaswrittenmanystoriesforthatmagazine.

8.

We’regoingtoholdameetingthisafternoon.

9.Hismotherhadtoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.10.Theyshoulddoitatonce.二、單選()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20Where___theseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebui