譯林版英語必修三新素養(yǎng)講義Unit3BacktothepastSectionⅠWeletotheunitReading-WarmingUp

古羅馬帝國不僅僅在政治上強大、版圖上遼闊，它所創(chuàng)造的古羅馬文化在哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、建筑等方面，也是全人類巨大的精神財富，是世界古典文化中的瑰寶。AncientRomeisthattimeinhistorywhentheRomanEmpireexisted.Atitspeak,theempireincludedmostofEurope,northernAfrica,andtheMiddleEast.TheRomanswereknownfortheirarmy,architecture,andgovernment.Theempireexistedfromabout100 B．C.to500A．D.Althoughmanypeopletalkaboutthe“riseandfall”oftheRomanEmpire,othersfocusonhowthecivilizationchangedovertime.Bothpositives(i.e.,artandarchitecture)andnegatives(i.e.,slaveryandcruelty)canbeidentifiedintheculturethroughoutthehistoryofAncientRome.Thefirstsettlementswereestablishedaround753 B．C.Attheheightoftheempirearound200A．D.,theempirecovered2.5millionsquaremiles.TheWesternEmpirefellin476A．D.andtheEasternEmpirelasteduntil1453.Basedonstrictorganizationandcentralized(中央集權(quán)的)control,theempirewasconnectedbyahugenetworkofroadswiththecityofRomeinthecenter.Eachtownwasplannedinexactlythesamewayincludingasystemofstreets,runningwater,andsewers(污水管)．TheForumatthecenteroftownwassurroundedbyshops,temples,andgovernmentbuildings.Astrongarmydefendedandexpandedtheempire.Thesoldiersbelongedtolegions(軍隊)ofabout5，000people.Theywerehighlytrainedandwell-equippedwitharmor,shields,spears,andswords.Awell-organizedcivilservicesystemgovernedthepeople.RomanhistorycontainsmanyfamousfiguresincludingAugustus,thefirstemperor,JuliusCaesar,Caligula,andNero.TheRomanshadmanyfestivalsandrituals(儀式)foreventssuchaschildbirth,marriage,andfunerals.LikeGreekculture,Romanculturewasknownforitsmythology.TheRomansenjoyedfood,baths,andallkindsofentertainment.SectionⅠWeletotheunit&Reading—WarmingUp[學(xué)生用書P54]eq\a\vs4\al([基礎(chǔ)詞匯])1．found__vt. 興建，創(chuàng)建2.flee_ vt.&vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速離開3．destroy_vt. 毀壞，摧毀4．ruin_n. 廢墟，毀壞vt. 破壞；毀滅eq\a\vs4\al([拓展詞匯])5．mercial_adj.商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的→mercen．貿(mào)易；商業(yè)6．unfortunate_adj.不幸的，遺憾的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遺憾地→fortunateadj.幸運的；僥幸的→fortunatelyadv.幸運地；幸虧7．decorate_vt.裝飾，裝潢→decorationn．裝飾；裝飾品8．civilization_n．文明→civilizevt.使開化；使文明9．graduallyadv.漸漸地，逐漸地→gradualadj.逐漸的；逐步的10．remainsn．遺物，遺跡，遺骸→remainv．剩余；逗留；留下；依然；保持1．protect...from... 保護(hù)……免受……2．be_known_as 作為……而出名3．take_over 奪??；接管4．be_buried_alive 被活埋5．turn_out 證明是6．together_with 和……一起7．cut_down 砍倒8．result_in 導(dǎo)致……9．break_down 毀掉；(身體)垮掉；(談判等)失敗；分解10．fail_to_do 未能做……1．完全倒裝Nearthecitywas_a_volcano(是一座火山)．2．so＋助動詞＋主語……也是如此Manypeoplewereburiedalive,and_so_was_the_city(這座城市也是一樣)．3．Itturnsoutthat...結(jié)果……It_turns_out_that(結(jié)果)aftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlypletelybrokedownanddisappeared...4．it作形式主語It’s_hard_to_imagine(很難想象)howthispeacefulvolcanodestroyedthewholecity!5．bebelievedtohavedone人們相信……It_is_believed_to_have_been_gradually_covered(人們相信它逐漸被埋)overbysandstormsfromAD200toAD400.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Scanthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachdiary.Diary1 A．a(chǎn)visittoPompeiicityDiary2 B．thepurposeanddestinationofthetripDiary3 C．thediscoveryoftheLoulanKingdomDiary4 D．a(chǎn)lectureaboutPompeiiandvolcanoDiary5 E．generalinformationaboutLoulan答案：BDAECeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．LoulaniscalledChina’sPompeiiinthedesertbecause________．A．bothofthemoncehadgreatcivilizationsB．bothofthemoncehadsimilarbuildingstructuresC．theywerebothdestroyedbyvolcanoeruptionD．theywerebothpowerfulintheancientpast2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutLoulan?A．ItwasastoppingpointonthefamousSilkRoad.B．Itwasdestroyedbysandstormsgradually.C．ItwasdiscoveredbytheEuropeanexplorerSvenHedinmorethan100yearsago.D．Itwasn’tburiedpletelybecauseofenormoustrees.3．What’sthemainsimilaritybetweenPompeiiandLoulan?A．Theywereburiedatthesametime.B．Theywerebothwealthycities2，000yearsago.C．Theyweredestroyedinthesameway.D．Theywerediscoveredbyexplorers.4．Thepurposeofwritingthispassageis________．A．toshowhowhappythewriterwastohaveachancetovisitthesitesB．toarousepeople’ssenseofprotectingcivilizationsC．toparethecivilizationsofPompeiiandLoulanD．totellushowPompeiiandLoulanweredestroyed答案：1－4.ADBBeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．WhenIwalkedaroundthecity,Isawstreetsjustastheyhadbeen,withsteppingstonesalongtheroadsoyoudidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays!eq\a\vs4\al()WhenIwalkedaroundthecity是when引導(dǎo)的____________從句；Isawstreets是主句；justastheyhadbeen是as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句；withsteppingstonesalongtheroad是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語；soyoudidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays是so引導(dǎo)的____________從句。[嘗試翻譯]當(dāng)我在城中漫步時，我看到保持原樣的街道，沿路都有墊腳石，這樣________你就不用在泥濘中行走了！答案：時間狀語；結(jié)果狀語；下雨天2．Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlypletelybrokedownanddisappeared,leavingemptyspacesintheash.eq\a\vs4\al()本句是主從復(fù)合句，it是形式主語，真正的主語是由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句；該主語從句中還包含一個由after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句aftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity；此狀語從句中還包含有一個由who引導(dǎo)的________從句whofailedtofleethecity,修飾先行詞people。分詞短語leaving...intheash充當(dāng)________狀語。[嘗試翻譯]原來，火山灰覆蓋了__________________，他們的身體幾乎全部燒化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空當(dāng)。答案：定語；結(jié)果；沒能逃離城市的人

[學(xué)生用書P56]Lostcivilizations①Day1，15JulyIfeelluckytohavewonaplaceonthistrip.WeareinItalynow,andtomorrowwearevisitingPompeii.Nextweekweareflying②toChina,andgoingtoLoulan,whichisknownasChina’sPompeiiinthedesert③.BothPompeiiandLoulanbecamelostcivilizationslongago.Day2，16JulyThismorningweattendedalecture④aboutPompeii.Thecitywasfounded⑤inthe8thcenturyBC⑥.In89BC，theRomans⑦tookover⑧Pompeii.Itthenbecamearichandbusycity.Nearthecitywasavolcano⑨.On24AugustAD⑩79,thevolcanoerupted?andlava?，ash?androckspoured?outofitontothesurroundingcountryside.Itcontinuedtoeruptforthenexttwodays.Manypeoplewereburied?alive?，andsowasthecity?.Howunfortunate?！Day3，17JulyTodayIsawtheancientRomancityofPompeiiasitwas2，000yearsago?.Howamazing！?Thecitywasforgottenformanyyearsuntilthe18thcenturywhenafarmerdiscoveredastonewithwritingonit.Peoplestartedtodigintheareafortreasure,whichcausedmuchdamage.Thus,in1860,theareawasputundergovernmentprotectionsoitcouldbepreservedandstudied.①civilization[?sIv?laI'zeI?n]n.文明②arevisiting和areflying都是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示的是將要發(fā)生的動作。③whichisknownas...是非限制性定語從句，修飾Loulan。④lecture['lekt??(r)]n.講座attendalecture聽講座⑤found[fa?nd]vt.興建，創(chuàng)建⑥BC[?bi?'si?]abbr.公元前(beforeChrist的縮寫)⑦Roman['r??m?n]n.羅馬人adj.羅馬的，羅馬人的⑧takeover奪取；接管⑨volcano[v?l'keIn??]n.火山(pl.)volcanoes/volcanos表示地點的介詞短語置于句首，且句子的主語是名詞時，句子用全部倒裝語序。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))AD[?eI'di?]abbr.公元(AnnoDomini的縮寫)?erupt[I'r?pt]vi.(火山等)爆發(fā)?lava['lɑ?v?]n.熔巖，火山巖?ash[??]n.灰，灰燼ashesn.廢墟；骨灰?pour[p??(r)]vi.涌流，傾瀉vt.倒出(液體)?buryvt.埋，埋葬；安葬?aliveadj.活的，在句中作主語補足語。?sowasthecity是“so＋系動詞＋主語”的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。?unfortunate[?n'f??t??n?t]adj.不幸的，遺憾的?as用作連詞，意為“正如”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。?Howamazing!多令人驚奇啊！amazingadj.驚人的，了不起的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))whenafarmerdiscovered...是定語從句，修飾the18thcentury,when相當(dāng)于inwhich。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))digv.挖，掘n.觸，碰；挖苦，諷刺；挖掘eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾整個主句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))preservev．保存，保護(hù)preservesb./sth.from...保護(hù)……免受……eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))soitcouldbe...是目的狀語從句。eq\a\vs4\al()失落的文明第一天，7月15日能獲得這次旅行的機會我感到很幸運?，F(xiàn)在我們在意大利，明天我們將游覽龐貝。下周我們會飛往中國并打算去樓蘭，那是沙漠中的一座被譽為“中國龐貝”的古城。龐貝和樓蘭都是很久以前失落的文明。第二天，7月16日今天上午我們聽了一場有關(guān)龐貝的講座。這座城市創(chuàng)建于公元前8世紀(jì)。公元前89年，羅馬人占領(lǐng)了龐貝。后來龐貝成了一座繁華的城市。離該城不遠(yuǎn)處有一座火山。公元79年8月24日，火山噴發(fā)，火山巖漿，火山灰及巖石噴涌而出覆蓋了周圍的村莊。火山噴發(fā)持續(xù)了兩天。很多人被活埋了，整個城市也被掩埋。多么不幸??！第三天，7月17日今天我見到了羅馬古城龐貝，它就跟兩千年前一模一樣。多令人驚奇啊！這座城市多年來一直被人們遺忘，直到18世紀(jì)時一個農(nóng)民發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊刻有文字的石頭。人們開始在這一區(qū)域挖掘?qū)殻@造成了很大的破壞。因此在1860年，政府將這一區(qū)域保護(hù)了起來，便于保存和研究。WhenIwalkedaroundthecity,Isawstreetsjustastheyhadbeen，withsteppingstonesalongtheroadsoyoudidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays!Isawseveralhouseswhichweredecoratedwithwallpaintings.Ialsosawthepeoplewhohadbeenburiedalive.Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlypletelybrokedownanddisappeared,leavingemptyspacesintheash.Yearslater,researcherswereabletousetheseemptyspacestoproducetrue-to-lifefiguresofthepeoplewhohaddiedinthedisaster.YoucanseethemtodayinPompeii,inthesameplaceswherethepeoplefell.Thevolcanoisstillthere,butlooksveryquietnow.It’shardtoimaginehowthispeacefulvolcanodestroyedthewholecity!Day10，24JulyFinally,wearrivedinLoulanafterseveraldaysoftravelling.Thismercialcitywasbusyandwealthyabout2，000yearsago.ItwasastoppingpointonthefamousSilkRoadbetweentheEastandtheWest.ItisbelievedtohavebeengraduallycoveredoverbysandstormsfromAD200toAD400.Iamsoexcitedtobehere！,eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。withsteppingstones...是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with＋賓語＋介詞短語)，作狀語，修飾hadbeen。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))mud[m?d]n.泥漿，爛泥eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))decorate['dek?reIt]vt.裝飾，裝潢bedecoratedwith裝飾有……eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾houses。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))flee[fli?](fled，fled)vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速離開eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))researcher[rI's??t??(r)]n.研究者，調(diào)查者eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))true-to-life['tru?t??laIf]adj.逼真的eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))disaster[dI'zɑ?st?(r)]n.災(zāi)難whohaddied...是定語從句，修飾thepeople。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))wherethepeoplefell是定語從句，修飾places。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))imaginev.想象；認(rèn)為，想，后接名詞、代詞、v.-ing或從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))destroy[dI'str?I]vt.毀壞，摧毀eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))howthispeacefulvolcano...是賓語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))mercial[k?'m???l]adj.商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))wealthy['welθI]adj.富有的，富裕的eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))gradually['ɡr?d???lI]adv.漸漸地，逐漸地eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))coversth.over(完全)蓋住/遮住某物eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))sandstorm['s?ndst??m]n.沙塵暴，風(fēng)沙snowstormn.暴風(fēng)雪eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))Itisbelievedtohave...中it指代上文提到過的Loulan。eq\a\vs4\al()本句使用了“Itisbelievedtodosth.”句型，常可轉(zhuǎn)換為“Itisbelievedthat...”。當(dāng)我在城中漫步時，我看到保持原樣的街道，沿路都有墊腳石，這樣下雨天你就不用在泥濘中行走了！我看到了幾處裝飾著壁畫的房子。我也看到了被活埋的人。原來，火山灰覆蓋了沒能逃離城市的人，他們的身體幾乎全部燒化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空當(dāng)。多年之后，研究者們能夠利用這些人形空當(dāng)制作出逼真的遇難者輪廓。你現(xiàn)在可以在龐貝看到他們，就在他們原來倒下的同樣的位置。火山還在那里，但現(xiàn)在看起來非常平靜。很難想象這座平靜的火山是如何毀掉整座城市的！第十天，7月24日經(jīng)過好幾天的旅程，我們終于抵達(dá)了樓蘭。這座商業(yè)城市在大約兩千年前也曾繁華過。它是連接?xùn)|西方著名的絲綢之路上的?？奎c。人們相信，從公元200年到公元400年，它已被沙塵暴逐漸吞沒。能在這里我很興奮！Day11，25JulyAscholarfromthelocalculturalinstitute，ProfessorZhang,toldusthataroundtheyear1900theEuropeanexplorerSvenHedindiscoveredtheruinsoftheLoulanKingdom.Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedbeneaththesand,togetherwithalotoftreasures,includingcoins,paintedpots,materialsuchassilk,documentsandwallpaintings.Whenwewenttothecity,wesawthecitywalls,palaces,temples,workshopsandtowers.Wefoundtheruinsmostinteresting.Therewasanancientwatersystemthatranthroughthemiddleofthecity.Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees，buttheywerecutdownandthatresultedinthecitybeingburiedbysand—whatapity！eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))cultural['k?lt??r?l]adj.文化的eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))institute['InstItju?t]n.(教育或其他專業(yè))機構(gòu)，研究所eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))ruin['ru?In]n.廢墟，毀壞vt.破壞，毀滅eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))remains[rI'meInz]n.遺物，遺跡，遺骸eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))beneath[bI'ni?θ]prep.在……之下eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))buriedbeneaththesand...是過去分詞短語作后置定語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))togetherwith又，連同(同aswellas)連接并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與第一個主語保持一致。eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))paintvt.(用顏料等)畫；(給……)上油漆eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))pot[p?t]n.罐，壺eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))material[m?'tI?rI?l]n.材料；物質(zhì)adj.物質(zhì)的eq\o(○,\s\up1(54))document['d?kj?m?nt]n.文獻(xiàn)，文件eq\o(○,\s\up1(55))workshop['w??k??p]n.作坊，車間eq\o(○,\s\up1(56))find復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即find＋賓語＋adj.(作賓語補足語)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(57))runthrough流經(jīng)，貫穿eq\o(○,\s\up1(58))that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾watersystem。eq\o(○,\s\up1(59))cutdown砍倒eq\o(○,\s\up1(60))resultin導(dǎo)致resultfrom起因于；由……導(dǎo)致eq\a\vs4\al()第十一天，7月25日來自當(dāng)?shù)匚幕芯克囊晃粚W(xué)者張教授告訴我們，大約在1900年，來自歐洲的探險家斯文·海定發(fā)現(xiàn)了樓蘭王國的遺跡。斯文發(fā)現(xiàn)了埋藏于沙子下面的建筑物遺跡以及許多寶藏，包括錢幣、彩繪罐、像絲綢這樣的布料、文獻(xiàn)以及壁畫。當(dāng)我們到這座城市時，我們看到了城墻、宮殿、廟宇、作坊及高塔。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)樓蘭廢墟非常有趣。有一條古老的供水系統(tǒng)貫穿市中心。這片沙漠曾經(jīng)是大樹成蔭的綠洲，但這些樹被砍倒了，導(dǎo)致樓蘭這座城市被沙子埋沒——多遺憾啊！A卷[學(xué)生用書P117(單獨成冊)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解AWantedProjectManagementAssistantResponsibility：ProvideservicefortheprojectinChongqing.Provideassistancetotheprojectmanagerforeverydaywork.Responsibleforfilemanagement,customerserviceforstudents&parents.Requirements：Collegedegreeandabove.GoodEnglishandputerskill.Relatedworkingexperienceinaninternationalorganization.Patient,careful,supportive.Havestrongteamworkspirit.EnglishTeacherResponsibility：ConductEnglishteachingaccordingtoBritisheducationsystem.Requirements：UniversitydegreeandaboveinEnglishmajorornormalEnglish.Eagertolearnandopen-mindedwithcreativity.Withdeepunderstandingfordifferentcultures.(Warmlywelethefreshgraduatestoapplyforthisposition.)MarketingAssistantResponsibility：Responsibleforthelocalmanagementofmarketing&salesactivitiesaccordingtotheinstructionsfromtheheadoffice.Collectrelatedinformationtotheheadoffice.Developrelationshipwithlocalmediaandcustomers.Requirements：CollegedegreeandabovewithgoodEnglish(speaking&writing)．Withbasicideaofsalesandmarketing,relatedexperienceispreferred.Workingexperienceintheinternationalorganizationsisamust.Goodmunicationandpresentationskills.AccountantResponsibility：AccountantworkforChongqingofficeandproject.Performthefinancemanagementlocallyaccordingtotherules&policyofthepany.Requirements：Collegedegreeandaboveinfinancearea.GoodEnglishandgoodputerskill.Havesenseoffinancemanagement.Atleast2years’experienceasanaccountantinaninternationalorganizationisamust.Self-management,hardworking,independentandabletodealwithpressure.Youcangoto：//51jobformoreinformation.Pleasemailorfaxyourresume(bothinEnglish&Chinese),diploma,trainingcertificatesandexpectedsalarytothefollowingaddresswithintwoweeks.Nopersonalvisitortelephonecallbeforethat.YourmaterialswillbekeptinACEfiles.Add：Room1806PlazaBuildingYuzhongDistrictChongqing40010FaxNo:023-63728428Email:acercq@cta.cq【解題導(dǎo)語】文章為招工啟事。主要講了招收項目管理助理、英語老師、市場部助理以及會計的要求和聯(lián)系方式。1．Ifyouhavejustgraduatedfromauniversity,youshouldapplyforthepositionas________．A．a(chǎn)projectmanagementassistantB．a(chǎn)naccountantC．a(chǎn)marketingassistantD．a(chǎn)nEnglishteacherD解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，除了英語老師，其他三份工作都是需要工作經(jīng)驗的。故選D。2．Ifyouwanttogetthepositionastheprojectmanagementassistant,inyourresumeyou’dbettersay________．A．youalwayshavenewideasandcan’twaittoseethemrealizedB．youcandecideeverythingforyourselfandhaveyourplancarriedoutC．youaregoodatpersuadingotherstofollowyouandbeingagoodleaderD．youarealwaysreadytolistenandhelpcarryoutgooddecisionsD解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)ProjectManagementAssistant下的內(nèi)容Patient,careful,supportive.Havestrongteamworkspirit.可知項目管理助理需要有耐心，仔細(xì)，支持工作，以及團隊精神。A、B、C文章都沒有提及。D選項意為：隨時準(zhǔn)備傾聽和幫助實施好的決定。故選D。3．Ifyouwanttoapplyforaposition,youcan________．A．gotothepanyormakeatelephonecallatanytimeB．tellthepanyhowmuchmoneyyouwantforyourpositionC．gotoacercq@cta.cqfortheinformationabouttheemploymentD．writeaboutyourselfeitherinEnglishorinChineseB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一部分內(nèi)容Pleasemailorfaxyourresume(bothinEnglish&Chinese),diploma,trainingcertificatesandexpectedsalarytothefollowingaddresswithintwoweeks.可知如果你想申請工作，要在簡歷上寫明你期待的薪水。故選B。BThedayafterThanksgivingisthestartoftheholidayshoppingseason.ThanksgivingisalwaysonaThursday,sothedayafterisaFriday.ThisdayhasetobeknownasBlackFriday.Ithasbeenthebusiestshoppingdayoftheyearsince2005.MoststoresoffergreatdealsonBlackFriday.Theyopentheirdoorsveryearlyinthemorning.Theytrytoattractshopperswithbigdiscounts.SomeproductslikeTVsaremuchcheaperthanusual.Storesmayevenlosemoneyontheseproducts.Theyhopethatshopperswillbuygiftsforotherpeoplewhiletheyareinthestore.BlackFridayisagreattimetogetgooddeals.Theproblemisthattherearenotenoughlow-pricedproductstogoaround.Eachstoremayonlyhaveafew.Peoplestandinlonglinestogetsuchgreatdeals,butnoteveryonewhowantsonewillgetone.Somepeoplelookcrestfallenastheyleave.SomeBlackFridayeventshavebeenviolent.Largecrowdshavetrampled(踩踏)workers.Fightshavebrokenoutovertoysorpeoplecuttinginline.ButmostBlackFridayeventsaresafeandfun.Still,ifyouplanongoing,expectlargecrowds.Thename“BlackFriday”wasfirstusedinPhiladelphiainthe1950s.PoliceofficerscalledthisdayBlackFridaybecauseoftheheavytrafficitdrew.Inthe1960s,storestriedtorenametheday“BigFriday”.Itdidnotstick.Thename“BlackFriday”continuedtobeusedacrossthecountry.Itseemsthatitisheretostay.NowpeoplealloverthecountrytakepartinBlackFriday.Itisevenspreadingtootherpartsoftheworld.StoreshaveheldBlackFridayeventsintheU．K.,Australia,andBrazilsince2012.InCostaRicaBlackFridayisknownas“ViernesNegro”．【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個重要的購物節(jié)日——“黑色星期五”。4．WhydosomestoressellTVsatlowprices?A．Theyareshortofmoney.B．Theywanttoselloutoldproducts.C．Theywantpeopletobuyotherthings.D．Theywantpeopletoenjoytheirshopping.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Theyhopethatshopperswillbuygiftsforotherpeoplewhiletheyareinthestore.可知，有些商店賠本賣電視是希望顧客能夠買其他產(chǎn)品。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crestfallen”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Disappointed. B．Confused.C．Surprised. D．Excited.A解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的butnoteveryonewhowantsonewillgetone可知，沒有買到廉價商品的顧客只能失望地離開。6．HowdidthefirstBlackFridaygetitsname?A．Itledtoviolentevents.B．Itcausedalotoftraffic.C．Itattractedlargecrowds.D．Itwastedtoomuchmoney.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的PoliceofficerscalledthisdayBlackFridaybecauseoftheheavytrafficitdrew.可知，黑色星期五的命名與那天的交通擁堵有關(guān)。7．WhatdoesthelastparagraphsayaboutBlackFriday?A．Ithasbeencelebratedasanoldtradition.B．ItisanationalholidayoftheUnitedStates.C．Ithasbeeaninternationalshoppingholiday.D．Itiscalled“ViernesNegro”intheEnglishworld.C解析：推理判斷題。由最后一段可知，“黑色星期五”已經(jīng)成為了一個國際購物節(jié)。CDonaldJohnTrumpisanAmericanbusinessmanandpoliticianwhobecamethePresident-electoftheUnitedStatesonNovember8,2016.Since1971hehaschairedTheTrumpOrganization,theprincipalholdingpanyforhisrealestateventuresandotherbusinessinterests.Duringhisbusinesscareer,Trumphasbuiltofficetowers,hotels,casinos,golfcourses,andotherbrandedfacilitiesworldwide.TrumpwasbornandraisedinNewYorkCityandreceivedabachelor’sdegreeineconomicsfromtheWhartonSchooloftheUniversityofPennsylvaniain1968.In1971,hewasgivencontrolofhisfatherFredTrump’srealestateandconstructionfirm.TrumphasappearedattheMissU．S.A.pageants,whichheownedfrom1996to2015,andhasmadecameoappearancesinfilmsandtelevisionseries.Trumpandhisbusinesses,aswellashisthreemarriages,havereceivedprominentmediaexposure.HehostedapopularNBCrealityshow,TheApprentice,from2004to2015.Asof2016,hewaslistedbyForbesasthe324thwealthiestpersonintheworld,and156thintheUnitedStates,withanetworthof$3.7billioninOctober2016.TrumpfirstcampaignedfortheU．S.presidencyin2000,winningtwoReformPartyprimaries.OnJune16,2015,Trumpagainannouncedhiscandidacyforpresident,thistimeasaRepublican.Trumpbecameknownforhisoppositiontoillegalimmigrationandfreetradeagreements,aswellashisfrequentlynon-interventionistviewsonforeignpolicy,andquicklyemergedastheRepublicannominationfront-runner.AsofMarch23,2016,Trumphaswon21contestsinthe2016Republicanpresidentialprimaries.Hewaselectedasthe45thU．S.presidentinthe2016electionontheRepublicanticket,defeatingDemocraticnomineeHillaryClinton,andtookofficeonJanuary20,2017.At70yearsold,hebecametheoldestpersontoeverassumethepresidency.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了美國總統(tǒng)特朗普的一些情況。8．Thispassageismostlyprobablytakenfrom________．A．a(chǎn)storybook B．a(chǎn)biographybookC．a(chǎn)sciencebook D．a(chǎn)nadvertisementB解析：文章出處題。本文主要介紹了特朗普的一些情況，所以應(yīng)該是出自人物傳記的書中。故選B項。9．WhereisDonaldTrump’shometown?A．London B．ParisC．NewYork D．BeijingC解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的TrumpwasbornandraisedinNewYorkCity可知，特朗普的家鄉(xiāng)是在紐約。10．Fromthepassage,wecanknowthatDonaldTrumpwas________．A．wealthyandsuccessfulB．intelligentbutmeanC．good-temperedandtolerantD．forgetfulandsensitiveA解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的介紹和文中的Asof2016,hewaslistedbyForbesasthe324thwealthiestpersonintheworld,and156thintheUnitedStates,withanetworthof$3.7billioninOctober2016.可知，特朗普是成功并富有的。故選A項。11．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________．A．DonaldTrumpisonlysuccessfulinbusinessfield.B．DonaldTrumpwasborninapoorfamily.C．DonaldTrumpisinfavorofillegalimmigration.D．DonaldTrumpwastheoldestpresidentoftheUnitedStates.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的最后一句At70yearsold,hebecametheoldestpersontoeverassumethepresidency.可知，特朗普將成為美國最老的總統(tǒng)。故選D項。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七選五Inordertoachievebigthingsinyourlife,youmustbewillingtothinkbig.1.________Whenyou’rebusyworkingtowardbringingyourgoalstolife,youalsofeelhappierinyourjourney.Followthesestepstomakeyourgoalsareality.2．________Wheredoyouseeyourselfinayear,fiveyearsorten?Doyouseeyourselfwithafamily,children,agoodjobandacollegedegreeintenyears?Trytothinkasfaraheadasyoucan.Payattentiontoeverydetail,andletyourdreamsetolifeinyourmind,showingyouwhatmattersmosttoyou.3．________Writedowneverythingyouimagine.4.________Writedownthemostimportantachievementsthatyouwanttocenteronandthedetailsabouteach.Whatmattersmosttoyou?Onceyouhavealistofgoalsinmind,workoutaplan.Howwillyouachievethesegoals?Divideyourgoalsintoachievablesteps.Startachievinggoalstoday.Putyourplansintoactiontoday.5.________Moveforwardeveryday,evenifyouareonlytakingasmallstepatatime.Whenyoucanpicturewhatyourdesiredlifeislike,youcanbetterdecidethegoalsyouneedtosetandachieve.Allittakesaresmallstepstowardyourdesiredfuture,andyoucanachievethelifeyouwant.A．Centeronwhatyouwanttoachieve.B．Closeyoureyesandimagineyourfuture.C．Takeasmallsteptowardthefutureeachday.D．Youshoulddreambigandtrytomakeyourgoalshappen.E．It’sokaytochangeyourdreamsandgoalsbasedonyourneeds.F．Useasmuchdetailasyoucanwhenwritingdownwhatyouremember.G．Thinkaboutwhereyouwanttobeinthefutureandhowyouwanttogetthere.【解題導(dǎo)語】人生中應(yīng)該有大的夢想并且要去實現(xiàn)，作者告訴我們實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的幾個具體步驟及做法。1．D解析：上句說的是人生中想成就大事情就要敢想，D項：就應(yīng)該有大夢想并且去實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，與上一句銜接。故選D項。2．B解析：本段主要講要敢于設(shè)想將來的生活，注重細(xì)節(jié)并為之努力去實現(xiàn)。B項(閉上眼睛設(shè)想將來)，概括全段。故選B項。3．G解析：下句說要把你想象的每件事都記下來。G項：考慮你將來想去哪里和怎樣去，是對下句的具體說明。故選G項。4．F解析：上句說把你想象的每件事都記下來。下句說把你最重要的成就的細(xì)節(jié)記下來。F項：當(dāng)你寫的時候盡可能多的寫細(xì)節(jié)，連接前后承上啟下。故選F項。5．C解析：本段說的是從現(xiàn)在起為目標(biāo)采取行動，每天邁步。C項與本段意思相符。故選C項。B卷[學(xué)生用書P119(單獨成冊)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解Manypeopleintheworldmightthinkthatbeingeducatedissomewhatnotimportant.However,knowledgeisjustthebasicthingyoucangetfromeducation.Ofcourse,youwillknowvariousthingsfromhistorytomathematics,fromsciencetoliterature.Thisknowledgewilldefinitelyplayahugeroleinyourlifeandguideyoutofullyunderstandeventsinarightmanner.Beingeducatedwillallowyoutoknownotonlyyourresponsibilitiesasacitizen,butalsotherightsyoucanenjoy.Perhapsknowingaboutyourrights,suchasconsumerrightsagainstcheating(欺詐)frombusinessowners,cangreatlyhelptoraiseyourvoiceifyounoticethatthereissomethingwrongaroundyou.Humankindisconsideredasasocialanimal.Beingeducatedwillbringyouintoasystemwhereyoumustinteract(交往)withpeopleandhaveconversationswitheachother.Itwillhelpyoulivehappily.Yougettohavenicefriendswhowillhelpyougrow.Asonegrows,leadershipqualitiesaredeveloped.Someofthethingsthatcanhelpimproveanindividual’scharacteristicsandqualitiesincludedifferentschoolactivitiesanddifferentlessonsregardingworldleaders.Theknowledgeyoucangetfromeducationcanbeusedinleadingrevolutionsorperhapsanofficeteam.Ifyouknowtheworld,youwillgainconfidence.Agreateducationwillmakesurethatyourskillswillbeenhancedandthatyougettogainalevelofconfidencetousetheseskills.Intoday’sworld,youmaybecheatedeasilysincepeoplecantakeadvantageofthosewhoarenotwell-educated.Ifyouhavebothknowledgeandwisethoughts,youcanpreventthesekindsofpeoplefromingnear.Technologyisdevelopingeveryday.Aneducatedpersonwillunderstandthesenewtechnologyimprovementsandusethemtotheiradvantage.【解題導(dǎo)語】教育不僅能夠讓人學(xué)到有用的知識，還能為人們今后的生活與發(fā)展提供幫助。1．Beingasocialanimal,whatbenefitdopeoplegetfromeducation?A．Theycanbuildasystemforliving.B．Theycanmakefriendswithothers.C．Theywillfeelmuchmoreconfident.D．Theybeegoodatsolvingproblems.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，教育能夠促使人們與他人交流，從而結(jié)交到好朋友。2．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“enhanced”inParagraph4?A．Ignored. B．Hidden.C．Improved. D．Exchanged.C解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的andthatyougettogainalevelofconfidencetousetheseskills可知，好的教育能夠幫助人們“提高”技能。3．What’sthewriter’sunderstandingofeducation?A．Ithelpspeopletofindtheirmistakes.B．Itrequirespeopletohelpeachother.C．Ithelpspeopleprotectthemselves.D．Itissomewhatnotsoimportant.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的Ifyouhavebothknowledgeandwisethoughts,youcanpreventthesekindsofpeoplefromingnear.以及綜合文章內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為教育可以讓我們有聰明的頭腦，從而能很好地保護(hù)自己。4．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Whyreceivingeducationisimportant.B．Thecurrentsituationofeducation.C．Howtheeducationsystemworks.D．Thedevelopmentofeducation.A解析：主旨大意題。作者認(rèn)為教育對人是具有重要意義的，并在文中通過幾個方面論述了接受教育的重要性。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)完形填空Doyoubelievecatshaveninelives?Iftheydo,thenacatnamedScarlettmayhaveusedafewofher__1__allatonce.Scarlettwasacat__2__inanold,emptybuildinginNewYork.Oneday,thebuildingcaughtfire.Mostanimalswouldhavetriedtoquickly__3__．But,Scarletthadfivekittensto__4__．Asthefiregotbigger,Scarlettignoredthe__5__.Onebyone,shecarriedher__6__tosafety.BythetimeScarlett__7__thelastkitten,herfurwasbadlyburned,andhereyeswereburnedshut.A__8__firefighterfoundallthekittensand