非謂語動詞詳細(xì)講解-適合高考復(fù)習(xí)

PAGE4√todotodo一.不定式構(gòu)成：to+動詞原形在句中作用：除謂語動詞外的任何成分不定式作主語不定式作主語，常用it替代，而將真正主語放在末尾It‘susefultolearnEnglishwell=TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.句型it+be+adj+of/forsb+todosth.Itisimportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等修飾人品質(zhì)的時候介詞用ofItiskindofyoutohelpme.不定式作賓語一些謂語動詞后只能跟不定式，這類詞表命令，打算或者希望的如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,plan,expect.Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?在find，think后跟不定式作賓語，常用it替代，而將真正賓語放于句末。IfinditeasytolearnEnglisheveryday.不定式作賓語補足語不定式作賓語補足語（與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)eg:Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.常跟不定式作賓語補足語的有ask,want,help,wish,teach,encourage,invite,warn,allow等。eg:MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.注意：一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用動詞不定式作賓補，這時要省略to.這些動詞有：一感（feel)、二聽（hear,listento)、三讓（let,make,have)、四看（lookat,watch,see,notice)。但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要加上to.eg:Theteacherwassawtoentertheoffice分詞構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在分詞:動詞+ing過去分詞：動詞+ed用法：表語、定語、狀語、補足語表語現(xiàn)分eg:Thestoryisinteresting.過分eg:Iamboredwiththething.定語現(xiàn)分eg:Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?過分eg:Pleasehandyourwrittenexercise.狀語現(xiàn)分eg:Theywentoutofclassroom,talkingandlaughing.過分eg:Seenfromthehill,theschoolisbeautiful.補足語現(xiàn)分eg:IheardhimsingingwhenIcameinclassroom過分eg:Iwanttohavemybikerepaired.(have/make/get/+名詞（代詞）+過去分詞）動后接動名詞和不定式的區(qū)別stoptodosth停下來去做某事stopdoingsth停止做某事meantodosth打算做某事meandoingsth意味著做某事trytodosth盡力做某事trydoingsth嘗試做某事forgettodosth忘記做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth忘記做過某事remembertodosth記得要做某事（未做)rememberdoingsth記得做過某事needtodosth需要做某事(主動含義needdoingsth需要去做某事（被動含義）goontodosth接著做某事（另一件）goondoing接著做某事現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作賓語補主語的區(qū)別eg:Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.(唱的動作正在進行)Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.(唱的動作已結(jié)束)常見動詞有see,watch,notice,hear,feel,have等。它們現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表動作正在進行；接不帶to的動詞作賓語表已經(jīng)完成了的或者經(jīng)常性的動作3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別1.語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)分表主動意義，過分表被動意義thesurprisingnews令人驚訝的消息asurprisedman一個感到驚訝的人amovingstory一個感人的故事themovedpeople被感動的人們時態(tài)上，現(xiàn)分表正在進行的動作，過分表已經(jīng)完成的動作thedevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國家thedevelopedcountry發(fā)達國家therisingsun正在升起的太陽therisensun升起來的太陽含有介詞to的固定短語make(a)contributionto，devoteto，lookforwardto，prefer…to…，be/getusedto，payattentionto為…作貢獻致力于期盼，盼望喜歡…勝過…習(xí)慣，適應(yīng)關(guān)注于…h(huán)avefun(in)doingsth

havetrouble/difficultyindoingsth

spendtime(in)doingsth

beworthdoing

can’thelpdoing

Keep/prevent/stopsb/sthfromdoingsth

做…有趣havefun(in)doingsth

havetrouble/difficultyindoingsth

spendtime(in)doingsth

beworthdoing

can’thelpdoing

Keep/prevent/stopsb/sthfromdoingsth

做…有趣做…有困難花費多少時間做……值得…禁不住…防止某人/某物被…從句子成分分析非謂語動詞一．動名詞與不定式作主語時的區(qū)別特殊表達動名詞表示經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作不定式表示具體的、某一次的動作固定句型Ittakessbsometimetodosth習(xí)慣用法It’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthIt’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth非謂語動詞作表語1對稱原則，主語是動名詞，表語一般也用動名詞Seeingisbelieving2.分詞作表語表示主語的特點特征.現(xiàn)在分詞表示令人;過去分詞表示感到；Thespeechis______andthestudentsare________.Theoldmanfeels___________withhis____________sonwhoisdisappointedathisstudy.3.不定式作表語:(1)計劃，趨勢將要做的sheistogetmarriednextweek.(2)責(zé)任，義務(wù)必須做的I’mtoseeyouoffattheairporttomorrow(3)祈使,命令不得不做的You’retostandhere,doyouunderstand?(4)命運安排,注定做的Disneymetthemouseandhewastobecomeafamousartist.非謂語動詞作狀語作定語，放在名詞后面總結(jié)原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.

A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making

原則二：用于名詞后作定語時，使用非謂語動詞的原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生;用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動作正在進行;用過去分詞，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時表示被動意義.

1.TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames___inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld

2.Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait

3.“Things_____nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost4..—Thelastone_____paysthemeal.

—Agreed!arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.Arriving原則三：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞1.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmovedPeterreceivedaletterjustnow_____hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.A.saidB.saysC.sayingD.tosay

3.Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass，hewouldanswercarelessly，always___thesamething.A.sayingB.saidC.tosayD.havingsaid4.Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys，footballsorbasketballs，___thatallchildrenlikethesethings.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought原則四：作結(jié)果狀語，用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式，其區(qū)別是，一般要用現(xiàn)在分詞表自然而然的結(jié)果，不定式表意外不好結(jié)果.1.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet2.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，___arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching

3.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told

4.Hehurriedtothestationonly_____thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound

原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致1.Facedwithabillfor$10，000，_____.

A.Johnhastakenanextrajob

B.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajob

C.anextrajobhasbeentaken

D.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn

2.Whilewatchingtelevision，_____.

A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellrings

C.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings

原則七：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式

1.._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.

A.BeingseparatedB.Havingseparated

C.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated

2.Themanager，_____itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus，leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making

原則八：對于固定搭配，原則上按搭配習(xí)慣處理

1.____withsomuchtrouble，wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.）

A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface

_____inawhiteuniform，helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

A.Dre