新人教版高中英語必修第一冊學(xué)案1：同步寫作-概要寫作

新人教版高中英語必修第一冊PAGEPAGE1Unit4NaturalDisasters同步寫作——概要寫作寫概要寫作時要先讀懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者觀點，抓關(guān)鍵詞，篩選與主旨有關(guān)的主要信息。然后，借助已掌握的語言知識，對原語篇進行“濃縮”，寫出一個新的語篇。而新的語篇，既要做到在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、語篇銜接和連貫各要素上與原文保持一致，又要做到簡明扼要、意義完整、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴密和語句通順。(一)寫作步驟考生可以從以下五個步驟來進行概要寫作：1．通讀全文，判斷體裁一篇概要寫作是否正確、有條理，能否把握文章的體裁，都是建立在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上的。因此，通讀全文，可以為考生從宏觀上把握文章的主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)、行文邏輯、判斷文章的體裁奠定基礎(chǔ)。2．查找信息，分清主次概要寫作，要求考生具有從文章中抽取主干和找到關(guān)鍵信息的能力。在第二遍細讀時，要弄清主要信息和次要信息，把次要信息剔除，以免影響概要寫作的簡潔性；同時，要養(yǎng)成在重點詞句下做出標記的習(xí)慣。3．概括大意，提煉內(nèi)容考生在理解全文內(nèi)容，弄清主次關(guān)系之后，可以初步寫出每段的段落大意，注意要忠于原文，避免出現(xiàn)遺漏要點或增添要點的情況。4．獲取要點，靈活表達為了使所寫概要簡明、扼要，就要對羅列的每段大意進行整合、合并；同時為了避免使用原文的句子，就需要考生靈活采用同義詞或近義詞進行替換，用不同的句式進行轉(zhuǎn)換，并在必要的地方使用連接詞，使表達連貫通順。5．檢查修改，整理謄寫寫完初稿后，需要在內(nèi)容上、語言上以及上下文的連貫性上進行檢查：看是否包括了原文的所有要點，語言詞匯的運用是否準確和地道，以及行文是否流暢；另外，還要注意詞數(shù)限制和書寫規(guī)范。(二)改寫句子基本方法1．同義替換法Tomthoughtofanidea.→AnideaoccurredtoTom.2．正話反說法Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.→Idon'tthinkwealthismoreimportantthanhealth.3．詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法Yoursuggestionsaresupervaluable.→Yoursuggestionsareofgreatvalue.4．利用介詞短語法Wearesuretofinishitintimebecausesomanypeoplearehelpingus.→Withsomanypeoplehelpingus，wearesuretofinishitintime.5．句式變化法(1)語態(tài)變換Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.→Computersarewidelyusedintheworldtoday.(2)簡單句變復(fù)合句Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood.Thiswasmorethanwecouldexpect.→Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.(3)連詞銜接法Heinsistedonstaying.Hewasnotwillingtogo.→Heinsistedonstayingratherthangoing.(4)詞序改變法ProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestswerepresentatthemeeting.→PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.(5)利用特殊句式法Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating，too.→Jimwantstogoboating，andsodohisparents.順接、遞進：firstly/secondly/thirdly，besides，inaddition，what'smore，what'sworse，what'smoreimportant，moreover，also，finally，lastbutnotleast轉(zhuǎn)折：but，however，nevertheless，yet，instead，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，although，while原因：because，becauseof，since，as，for，nowthat，thanksto，dueto結(jié)果：so，therefore，asaresult，sothat，then，so...that，such...that總結(jié)：tosumup，toconclude，inconclusion，insummary，inaword，ingeneral，inshort，aboveall，afterall，generallyspeaking1．記敘文點明寫作目的類：Thewritertellsus...(主題)byshowingusanexampleof...，who/which...(故事情節(jié))作者經(jīng)歷類：Inthepassage，thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth.，which...他人經(jīng)歷類：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb.'sexperienceofdoingsth2．議論文Thearticlegivestheviewthat...should/shouldn't...(主題)...(補充論據(jù))ThepassagehighlightstheimportanceofsthTheauthorarguesthat...3．說明文現(xiàn)象解釋類：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon...(主題)，which...(補充解釋)利弊對比類：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAand B．Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Onthepositiveside...，butitmayalso...研究顯示類：Thestudyrevealsthat...Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat...閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Manyyearsago，whenIwasfreshoutofschool，Iwasdrivingtomyparents'homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstationabout50milesfromOklahomaCity.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister(收款臺)，Isaidhellotoanoldercouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.Itookoff，buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.Acarpulledupbehindme.Itwasthecouple.Theysaidtheywouldtakeme.WechattedandwhenIgotoutofthecar，thehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotethemathank-younote.Soonafterward，IreceivedaChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.Yearslater，Idrovetoameetinginthemorning.InlateafternoonIfoundthatI'dleftthelightsonallday，andthebatterywasdead.ThenInoticedthattheFriendlyForddealershipwasrightnextdoor.Iwalkedoverandfoundtwosalesmenintheshowroom.“JusthowfriendlyisFriendlyFord？”Iaskedandexplainedmytrouble.Theyquicklydroveapickuptrucktomycarandstartedit.Theywouldacceptnopayment，solater，Iwrotethemanotetosaythanks.Ireceivedaletterbackfromoneofthesalesmen.Noonehadeverwrittenhimandsaythankyou，anditmeantalot，hesaid.“Thankyou”—twopowerfulwords.They'reeasytosayandmeansomuch.StepOne審題謀篇體裁記敘文話題得到幫助后表示感謝時態(tài)一般過去時人稱第二、三人稱StepTwo詞匯運用1．描述 ____________2．經(jīng)歷 ____________3．寫感謝信 ____________4．幫助他 ____________5．認識到 ____________Stepthree句式表達1．完成句子①在這篇文章中，作者給我們描述了收到陌生人幫助的兩次經(jīng)歷。Inthispassage，theauthordescribedhistwoexperiences________________________.②在這兩次經(jīng)歷中，作者向陌生人寫了感謝信。Duringthetwoexperiences，theauthor____________________thestrangers.③當(dāng)他的車出故障的時候他們幫助了他。They_____________________whentherewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.2．句式升級④把第①句中的ofbeinghelpedbythestrangers改成定語從句。Inthispassage，theauthordescribedhistwoexperiences_______________________.⑤把②、③句用定語從句合為一句話。Duringthetwoexperiences，theauthorwrotethank-younotestothestrangers________________________whentherewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.StepFour連句成篇(注意使用through，and等關(guān)聯(lián)詞)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

▁▃▅▇█參*考*答*案█▇▅▃▁StepTwo詞匯運用1.describe2.e