新編英語(yǔ)教程5-unit2-教學(xué)課件

UnitTwo:TEXT1BEWARETHEDIRTYSEAS

GeoffreyLean

Teachingaims:Learnthecause-and-effectpatterninexpositorywriting.Understandtheseriousproblemofpollution.Learnhowtheauthor,infulfillingthepurposeofinforminghisreaders,providesabundant,specificandprecisefiguresandfacts,andorganizesthemtightlyandclearly.Learntherhetoricdevices.Mainanddifficultteachingpoints:relevantinformation;understandingthethesis;textorganization;textcomprehension;languagepoints;theuseofcause-and-effectpatterninexpositorywritingIPre-readingquestions1.Howdoesthetitlestrikeyou?Why“thedirtyseas”?Whatcausestheseastobecomedirty?Whyarethereaderscalledontobewareofthem?Whatdoyoupredictthetextisabout?2.Whatisyourownwayinwritinganessayaboutpollution?Introduction:problemBody:causesandeffectsConclusion:solutions2.TopreventfurthercontaminationoftheriverandtoensurethatShanghaiMunicipalGovernmenthaspromulgated(發(fā)布)regulationsfortheprotectionofthewatersinandaroundshanghaiandofthesourceofdrinkingwaterintheupperreachesoftheHuangpu

River.promulgated:toput(alaw)intoeffectbyformalpublicannouncement.

頒布通過(guò)正式的公開(kāi)地宣布使（法律）生效II.ComprehensionexercisesFinishthecomprehensionexercises.III.Dictionarywork1.sluice:opensluicestofloodadrydock.打開(kāi)閘灌水到一個(gè)干船塢

2.nurture:tohelpgrowordevelop;cultivate:nurtureastudent'stalent.3.evolve:todeveloporachievegradually.

4.endemic:prevalentinorpeculiartoaparticularlocality,region,orpeoplediseasesendemictothetropics.

5.litany:arepetitiveorincantatoryrecital

alitanyofpraiseforthenewprofessor.commitalitanyofcrimes6.flush:toflowsuddenlyandabundantly,asfromcontainment;flood.奔流7.lurk:toexistunobservedorunsuspected.潛藏8.effluents:somethingthatflowsoutorforth流出物流出的物體9.plankton:Thecollectionofsmallormicroscopicorganisms,浮游生物10.slime:athick,sticky,slipperysubstance.粘性物質(zhì)

IV.Librarywork1.Waterpollutionisamajorelementoftwentieth-centuryenvironmentalpollution.Itincludestheaccumulationinoceans,lakes,rivers,andstreamsofphysical,chemical,andbiologicalsubstancesthatareeitherdirectlyharmfultolifeorthathavedangerousorharmfulsecondaryandlong–rangeeffects.Theprincipalsourcesofwaterpollutionaresewage,industrialwaste,garbageandrefuse,andagriculturalfertilizers,pesticides,andweedkillers.Thetwochiefreasonsforthecontaminationandexacerbationoftheproblemareindustrialization,urbanization.Industrialwastesincludedissolvedminerals,toxicchemicals,andsediments.Modernindustrialprocesseshavepollutedwaterwithcertainmetals,suchasleadandmercury,whileagriculturalpracticesdosowithavarietyofpesticides.(2)Treatmentandcontrolofwastesofallkindsistheonlyanswertowaterpollutionproblems.Pollutioncanbecontrolledbybuildingsewersystems,sewagetreatmentplants,andinstallationstokeepfertilizersandinsecticidesfromenteringthewater.V.BackgroundInformationGlobalChange:1)Thinningofozonesphere2)Globalwarming(greenhouseeffect)3)Damagetobiodiversity4)DesertificationChiefTypesofPollutionAirpollutionWaterpollutionSoilpollutionNoisepollutionNuclearpollutionAirpollution:Airpollutionreferstothecontaminationofairbysuchsubstancesasfuelexhaustandsmoke.AccordingtoWHO,about1/5oftheworld’speopleareexposedtohazardouslevelsofairpollutants.MajorSourcesofAirPollution1)naturalcauses(volcanoes,pollen,etc.)2)variousfertilisersandinsecticideswhichcontributetopollutioninnature.Animaldigestionandexcrementareanimportantsourceofmethane(CH4),agaswhichcontributestothegreenhouseeffect.

3)combustiblesforheating,forobtainingtheenergyneededforindustrialproductionortogetridofman’swaste.Accordingly,industryandincineratorsforhouseholdwastedischargepollutantsintotheatmosphere,inparticularheavymetals,dust,etc.4)Travel,byroadorairisamajorsourceofpollution:roadtransportaloneisresponsibleforover40%ofdischargesofsuspendedparticlesintotheatmosphere.Intheurbanenvironment,theyarethemaincauseofairpollution.

NewImagesfromSpaceSpotlight

AsianAirPollutionAvisualizationofsatellitedatacapturedandprocessedJanuary1–20,2003,byscientistsattheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch(NCAR)showsheavypollutionfromChinaandSoutheastAsiablowingoutoverthePacificOcean.

WaterPollution:Waterpollutionreferstothecontaminationofwaterbysewage,toxicchemicals,metals,oils,etc.AccordingtoWHO,5millionpeopledieeveryyearfromdrinkingpollutedwater.SourcesofWaterPollutionLeakytanksorpipelinescontainingpetroleumproductsLeaksorspillsofindustrialchemicalsatmanufacturingfacilitiesMunicipallandfillsLivestockwastesLeakysewerlines

FertilisersonagriculturallandPesticidesonagriculturallandandforestsContaminantsinrain,snow,anddryatmosphericfalloutWaterPollutioninChangjiangSoilPollution:Soilpollutionreferstothedestructionoftheearth’sthinlayerofhealthy,productivesoil,wheremuchofourfoodisgrown.Majorcausesofsoilcontaminationincludeillegaldumpingofwasteandleakageofwastewaterfromfactoriesandbusinessfacilities.

Acharacteristicofsoilpollutionisdepositsofhazardouschemicals.Whentoxicsubstancesinsoildissolvetocontaminatewaterorair,orwhenpollutedsoilisexposedtohumanskin,humanhealthmaybeaffected.

Question:Whydowehavetobeconcernedaboutthecasesofpollutionwhicharefoundinotherpartsoftheworld?Therelationshipamongthelivingandnon-livingthingsinanenvironmentmakeupanecologicalsystem.Alltheecosystemsoftheearthareconnected.Pollutionthatseemstoaffectonlyonepartoftheenvironmentmayalsoaffectotherparts.Alltheecosystemsoftheearthareconnected!TheMediterraneanSeaTheMediterraneanSeaisapartoftheAtlanticOceanalmostcompletelyenclosedbyland,onthenorthbyEurope,onthesouthbyAfrica,andontheeastbyAsia.Itcoversanapproximateareaof2.5million

km2(965000mi2).TheMediterraneanSeaisconnectedtotheAtlanticOceanbytheStraitofGibraltaronthewestandtotheSeaofMarmaraandBlackSea,bytheDardanellesandtheBosporusrespectively,ontheeast.Theman-madeSuezCanalinthesouth-eastconnectstheMediterraneanSeawiththeRedSea.MediterraneanSeaGibraltarGibraltarBosporus

BosporusTheMediterraneanCountries1)Algeria8)Libya15)Turkey2)Cyprus9)Malta3)Egypt10)Monaco4)Greece11)Morocco5)Israel12)Spain6)Italy13)Syria7)Lebanon14)Tunisia“BewaretheDirtySeas”isoneofthearticlesthatonereadsforinformation.Determinedbyitspurpose,suchanarticleshouldprovideabundant,specificandprecisefiguresandfactsanditshouldalsobetightlyandclearlyorganized.V.OrganizationanddevelopmentAfterstatinghisthesisatthebeginningofthearticle,thewriterdevotesthegreaterpartofthearticletothecausesofpollutionanditsconsequences.Thenhemakesmentionofanumberofgeographic,demographic,andevenhistoricalfactorsthatcontributetotheseverityofthecase.Heconcludesthearticlebytouchinguponthesolutiontotheproblem.

Discuss&conclude:Section1:(paras.1-4)IntroducingthetopicThesisstatement:TheMediterraneanisthemostpollutedseaintheworld.Causesandconsequencesofthepollutioningeneral.Section2:(paras.5-20)Detailedcausesandconsequencesofthepollution

paras.5-10:ImpropertreatmentofsewagebymanyMediterraneancountries.Consequences:ContaminationofseawaterandfishGreaterlikelihoodofdisease

paras.11-13:SecondmaincauseindustriesUntreatedwateremittedfromfactoriesalongthecoastandfromfactorieslocatedfarinland

paras.14-15:OthercausesofpollutionOthercausesofpollutionPesticides,detergents,fertilizers,oil,etc.

paras.16-20:Factorsthatleadtotheseverityofthecase:①narrowandshallowoutletoftheStraitofGibraltar②weakcoastalcurrentsandfeebletides③Long-standingpracticeofdumpingwastesintothesea④multiplicationandincreasingnumberoftouristsSection3:(paras.21-22)ConclusionEffortsbeingmadetosolvetheproblemAnalysis:Causeandeffect2fundamentalwaysoforganizingacauseandeffectpaper:

effect1cause11.causeeffect22.cause2effecteffect3cause3

Whatisthepatternthisessayfollows?Whataretheotherwritingtechniquesusedtodevelopthethesisinthisessay?TextworkandlanguagepointsParagraph1holidaydestination:holidayresortParagraph2waters:thewaterofthestatedrivers,lakes,etc.E.g.:theupperwatersoftheThames

泰晤士河上游

South-ChinaSeawaters中國(guó)南海海域

internationalwaters國(guó)際海域…sluicesitssewage,untreated,intothesea:letoutintotheseathewastematerialswhichhavenotbeentreatedandnotmadesafeasifthroughasluice（水閘）,whichisapassageforwaterParagraph3tofallvictimtotheabilitiesandattitudes…:tosufferfromman’smisuseofhisabilities(orman’sabilitiestodestroy)andhisattitudeofindifferencetowardsenvironmentalprotection

fallvictimto:sufferfromE.g.:fallvictimtoadisease/anexplosion/one’sownavariceTheresultisthattheMediterranean,whichnurturedsomanycivilizations,isgravelyillthefirstoftheseastofallvictimtotheabilitiesandattitudesthatevolvedaroundit:

WhathappensisthattheMediterranean,thecradleofmanyancientcultures,isseriouslypolluted.Itisthefirstoftheseasthathasbeenmadetosufferfromasituationresultingfromdevelopmentmixedwithanirresponsiblementality.WhatrelationshipdoestheauthorestablishinParagraph3betweenthemanycivilizationstheMediterraneanhasnurturedanditspollution?SA:Therelationshipbetweenthetwoisthatofcauseandeffect.Becauseofman’smisuseofhisabilitiesandhisattitudeofindifferencetowardsenvironmentprotection,theMediterranean,hometosomanycivilizations,isnowinjeopardy.Paragraph5Whatismore,mostcitiesjustdropitinstraightoffthebeach;rareindeedaretheplaceslikeCannesandTelAvivwhichpipeitevenhalfamileoffshore:

Further,whiletheplacessuchasCannesandTelAvivdisposeoftheirwastesthroughapipestretchingoutonlyhalfamilefromtheshore,mostcitiesdonotevenbothertodothatbutsimplydumptheirsewagedirectlyintotheseaalongthecoastline.Paragraph6WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellhisreadersinParagraph6?HewantstotellhisreadersinParagraph6thatbecauseofman’sirresponsibilityandindifferencetowardsenvironmentalprotection,Greeceisratedoneofthefewcleanercountriesofthenorthernshore.Paragraph8areawashwithbacteria:havealargeamountofbacteriaAwashinitsliteralsensemeans“becoveredinwater”.E.g.:Afteraheavyrain,thestreetswereawash.Paragraph9Anevengreaterdangerlurksintheseductiveseafooddishesthataddsomuchinteresttoholidaymenus:

Thereisanevengreaterhiddendangerintheattractiveseafooddishesthatareforeversoappealingtothoseholidaymakers.Whatdoestheword“seductive”inParagraph9imply?SA:seductiveimpliesthattheseafooddishesareseeminglyattractivebutthreatenwithgreatdangertohealth.Paragraph11Factoriesclusterroundthecoastline,andeventhemostmodernrarelyhasproperwaste-treatmentplant:

Factoriesaresetuparoundthecoastline,fewofwhich,includingthemostsophisticated,havebeenequippedwithasatisfactorysystemfordealingwiththeireffluents.Paragraph14pesticide:amoregeneraltermisinsecticideWhatdoestheword“explosions”inParagraph14mean?SA:Itmeansrapidincreaseinamountornumber.Paragraph16virtuallyunabletocleanseitself:practically/ineffectunabletomakeitselffreefromwastematerialsvirtually:practically,ineffect,forallpracticalpurposescleanse:meaning“clean”,isamoreelevatedwordthanclean.Itisoftenusedfiguratively.E.g.:cleanseoneofone’ssinsorwrongdoings

cleansetheworldfromevilsRemorselessismoreoftenusedtomean“merciless,pitiless.”P(pán)aragraph18Explaintheuseof“ofcourse”atthebeginningofParagraph18andthatof“but”ofParagraph19.“Ofcourse”isoftenfollowedby“but”tomean“itisatleasttruethat…but”.Herethewriteruses“ofcourse”tomeanthatitisnotanewproblemforthepeopleoftheMediterraneantousetheseafortheirwastesandthatenvironmentalpollutionhasbeeninexistenceforalongtime,however,pollutionismadeworseParagraph19

becauseoftheincreasingpopulationofinhabitantsandvisitors.Thepopulation…trebleseverysummer:

Thepopulation…increasesthreetimeseverysummer.Triple,asynonymoftreble,ismoreoftenusedinAmericanEnglish.Whatadvicefortouristscanbeinferredfromthefactsprovidedbytheauthorinthepassage?ThepossibleadvicefortheMediterraneantouristscanbe:donotswimintheseaanddonoteatseafooddishes.SummaryoftheRhetoricoftheText1)personification:TheMediterraneanisgravelyill…(para.3)2)transferredepithet:themournfullitany(para.4)Out-of-classAssignmentStudyonyourowntheanalysisconcerningcauseandeffectonpage21.Makealistoftheverbsinthetextwhicharesimilartothecategoryofpourordischarge

Pollution

Causes:Dieselsmoketheexhaust排氣noxious有害的gasesSoot煤煙:amajoratmospheric大氣的pollutantchemicalsubstancespresentintheairallcombustion-relatedemissionsRadiationpollution(electromagnetism)VI.Assignment1.ReviewTextOne,readfluently.2.Pointoutthedifficultpoints.3.Writeanessayofabout300wordsonpollution.Languagework翻譯練習(xí)1)很自然，廣闊的淺灘上充滿(mǎn)了細(xì)菌，這些細(xì)菌很快就會(huì)侵襲人們的身體。皇家免費(fèi)醫(yī)院的威廉.布魯非教授曾經(jīng)計(jì)算過(guò)，凡是到地中海游泳的人都有七分之一的機(jī)會(huì)感染某種疾病。其他科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這樣估計(jì)過(guò)高。但是幾乎所有的人都認(rèn)為在那里游泳是冒險(xiǎn)。2)更為可怕的危險(xiǎn)隱藏在那些可口誘人的海鮮菜肴中，正是這些海鮮食品給假日的菜譜增色不少。問(wèn)題是貝殼類(lèi)動(dòng)物是該地區(qū)最致命的病菌的主要攜帶者。3)每年有上億的游客被吸引到地中海度假，這個(gè)占世界旅游業(yè)貿(mào)易額三分之一的度假勝地最受人們的歡迎，但同時(shí)其遭受的污染也是最為嚴(yán)重的。4)地中海只占全球海洋面積的百分之一，但其表面卻漂浮著覆蓋全球洋面的半數(shù)以上的石油和柏油。成千上萬(wàn)的工廠(chǎng)把有毒物質(zhì)傾倒進(jìn)地中海，沿岸的幾乎每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和村莊都開(kāi)閘向地中海排放未經(jīng)處理的污水。5)這樣，曾經(jīng)孕育了眾多文明的地中海受到了嚴(yán)重的污染，成為海洋中人類(lèi)逐漸形成的只重發(fā)展忽視環(huán)保惡性循環(huán)的第一個(gè)犧牲品。污染不僅扼殺了海洋生命，還威脅到當(dāng)?shù)氐木用窈蛠?lái)海灘度假的游客。6)除了九英里寬的直布羅陀海峽之外，地中海幾乎是被陸地包圍住的，可以說(shuō)是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)自我清潔的。通過(guò)又窄又淺的海峽來(lái)使海水更新需要花八十年的時(shí)間，這個(gè)過(guò)程對(duì)于解決迅速惡化的海水污染這道難題來(lái)說(shuō)，實(shí)在是太緩慢了。TEXTIIAnUglyNewFootprintintheSandI.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1comeby:comeacross;discoverbychance;passbyHowdoyouinterpretthetitleofthearticle“AnUglyFootprintintheSand”?Isitrelatedtothe“newfootprint”referredtointhesecondsentenceofthefirstparagraph?Paragraph1SA:Thestrangefootprintisasymbolofenvironmentalpollution;andtheauthor’sattitudetothisnewintrusiononeofstrongdislikesismadeclearbytheword“ugly”.

Paragraph2legionsof:alsoalegionof,meaning“alargegroupof”or“l(fā)argegroupsof”

blight:toinfectorspoilwithadiseaseofplantsthatresultsinthedryingupanddyingofthediseasedparts使（植物）染上枯萎病;hereitmeans“poseathreattotheexistenceof”

delicate:finelymade;delightful精美的，精致的

E.g.:porcelainsofdelicateworkmanship工藝精致的瓷器

whorl:aring,especiallyofleavesonastem（植物）輪；（軟體動(dòng)物的）殼階，螺紋goo:stickymaterial粘性物質(zhì)congeal:tobecomeorcause(aliquid)tobecomethickorsolid凝固；凍結(jié)Whileenvironmentalpollutionisoftenblamedonpopulationexplosiononourglobe,Whipplehasidentifiedanothercause.Whatisit?Howdoeshesupporthisargument?SA:Theneedtofuelthetechnologywhichmankindhasdevelopedtoenableittosurviveonthisplanet.ConcreteexamplesaregivennotablyinParagraphs2,9,10,and11.Paragraph4despoil:tostealfromusingforces,especially,intimeofwar;plunder搶奪；掠奪

E.g.:despoilsomebodyofhisright剝奪某人的權(quán)利asitwere:aswemightsay;sotospeak可以這么說(shuō)；在某種程度上

E.g.:Hebecame,asitwere,amanwithoutacountry.在某種程度上，他成了一個(gè)無(wú)國(guó)籍的人。I’masortofunpaidadviser,asitwere,tothecommittee.可以說(shuō)，我是委員會(huì)的義務(wù)顧問(wèn)。HowdoyouunderstandthefirstsentenceofParagraph4“Itisstillearlyhere”?Isitechoedorcontradictedneartheendofthearticle?SA:Environmentalpollutionherehasjustbegun;itisnotveryseriousyet.ThisiscontradictedbythesentenceinParagraph11The