考研英語(yǔ)翻譯

考研英語(yǔ)翻譯課件評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：5個(gè)小題，每題2分，共10分。如果句子譯文明顯扭曲原文意義，該句得分最多不超過(guò)0.5分。如果就一個(gè)題目提供了兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的譯法，若均正確，給分；如果其中一個(gè)譯法有錯(cuò)，按錯(cuò)誤譯法評(píng)分。中文錯(cuò)別字不個(gè)別扣分，按整篇累計(jì)扣分。在不影響意思的前提下，滿三個(gè)錯(cuò)別字扣0.5分，無(wú)0.25扣分。命題原則題材偏向?qū)I(yè)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)，以議論文和說(shuō)明文為主，字?jǐn)?shù)在400-450字之間。所選題材偏向文科社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，而且考的都是熱點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。只考長(zhǎng)難句，平均長(zhǎng)度是30字左右?？佳蟹g的方法直譯：對(duì)初學(xué)者而言，需要注意不能把直譯和“字字對(duì)譯”混淆。如果把一個(gè)英語(yǔ)詞與一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)詞對(duì)號(hào)入座，反而會(huì)扭曲原文的意思，而且不通暢，達(dá)不到考研英語(yǔ)翻譯基本要求。直譯HoneymoonHotlineGenetherapyEasycome,easygoBeggarsmustnotbechoosersDeadmentellnotalesChainreaction意譯：由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中的詞匯、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、表達(dá)方法及整個(gè)謀篇布局都不同，因此在翻譯過(guò)程中，英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)在形式和內(nèi)容上都構(gòu)不成等同，這時(shí)候需要把英語(yǔ)原文的意義進(jìn)行解釋性的翻譯。意譯指的是從原文的意義出發(fā)，將英語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意義用漢語(yǔ)做解釋?zhuān)g過(guò)程不需要過(guò)分遵守原文語(yǔ)言形式。意譯Bull’seyesMilkywayAsmuteasafishAsstrongasahorseAscoolascucumberAscloseasanoysterAsintimateasthieves意譯YouareaswiseasSolomonHehadonefootinthegraveHewaseloquent,elegant,butsoftAdoctormusthavetheheartofalionandthehandofalady直譯和意譯的關(guān)系直譯著重原文和譯文在表達(dá)形式和意義上的結(jié)合，而意譯更注重意義的通順。在考研翻譯過(guò)程中，在不違背漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言規(guī)范的前提下，應(yīng)該盡量采用直譯的方法，即能直譯就直譯。但是，因?yàn)橛h兩種語(yǔ)言差異較大，如果直譯出來(lái)的結(jié)果不通順或者不符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，就需要采用意譯的方法把英語(yǔ)原文意思表達(dá)清楚。考研英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的翻譯情況處理定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯狀語(yǔ)從句的翻譯主語(yǔ)從句的翻譯被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯代詞的翻譯雙重否定的翻譯詞義選擇和詞義引申定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯技巧前置法—適用于定語(yǔ)較短的情況Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingalltheotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfantasies.Evenwhenhomelessindividualsmanagetofindashelterthatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachdaywonderingthestreet.定語(yǔ)從句翻譯技巧重復(fù)法—適用于定語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)的情況Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofhumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadeifnotcenturies.重復(fù)法becausetheyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedtheconfidencethatcomesfromacheivingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsareadmiredbyothers.定語(yǔ)從句翻譯技巧狀譯法—譯成狀語(yǔ)，前提是構(gòu)成因果或其他關(guān)系Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelopshisorhercapacityforappropriterespnseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment狀譯法Creatinga"Europeanidentity"(歐洲品牌)thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrtegicchoice.狀譯法TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.狀譯法Forexample,standardizedtestsdonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderpreviledgedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.主語(yǔ)從句的翻譯技巧it作形式主語(yǔ)+Ved翻譯成人們。。。itisassumeditisagreedit作形式主語(yǔ)+adj翻譯成。。。的是itisobviousitissignificantItisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathmaticalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyifdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯技巧翻譯成主動(dòng)Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturepastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueabddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed-andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.雙重否定的翻譯技巧翻譯成肯定Thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Perhapsthereisnooneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoning代詞的翻譯明確翻譯出代詞所指Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguists,FranzBoasEdwardSapir,werepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguagesYouhaveallhearditrepeatedthatmanofscienceworkbymeansofinductionanddeduction,thatbythehelpoftheseoperations,they,inasortofsense,managetoextractfromnaturecertainnaturallaws,andaccordingtothese,bysomespecialskilloftheirown,theybuilduptheirtheories.帶than的句子翻譯More...than...MoreAthanB翻譯成是A而不是BThecomplexityofthehumansituationandtheinjusticeofthesocialorderdemandfarmorefundamentalchangesinthebasicstructureofsocietyitselfthansomepoliticiansarewillingtoadmitintheirspeeches.Less...than...LessAthanB翻譯成是B而不是A，與其說(shuō)是A，不如說(shuō)是BScience,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.Otherthan和ratherthanRatherthan而不是Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitywhips,computerswithin-builtpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantool