熱考主題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(四) 社會(huì)現(xiàn)象

熱考主題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(四)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象(限時(shí)30分鐘)A(2023·福州二模)WHENKIMJI-UNlivedinSeoul,sheworriedaboutfindingagoodjob.Now,sheisworriedthatdroughtmayruinhercrop.The23-year-oldstartedafarmlastyear.Herfirstharvestwasasuccess;shewassurprisedthatherblackbeansdidbetterthanherstrawberries.MsKimispartofaphenomenoncalledkwichon,orreturningtorurallife.Coinedamillenniumago,thetermcropsupduringperiodsofeconomichardship.Thistime,manynewfarmershaveneverlivedinthecountrysidebefore.Byplantingyoungfarmersinruralareas,thegovernmenthopestoenjoybigrewardsinfuture.Theplanisworking.In2021nearly380,000peoplemovedtothecountryside.Comfortwithdigitaltechnologygivesyoungfarmersa_leg_up,_saysChoKyung-ik,thedirectoroftheBeginningFarmer'sCentre,aninstitutioneducatingthosewhowishtokwichonatitsdowntownoffices.TheysellfreshproduceonNaver,SouthKorea'slargestsearchengine.Thecentreteachestechniqueslikehowtouseatractor(拖拉機(jī))orselectthebestcrops.Itarrangesatrialperiodduringwhichambitiousfarmersworkundertheguidanceofanoldhand,learningwhatitmeanstodoback-breakinglabourfromdawntodusk.Themostimportantlessonishowtogetonwiththelocals.Thevillagersarealsoofferedtipsonhowtoacttowardsthenewcomers.Thatpartisnotyetatotalsuccess.MsKimsaysherneighbourshaveabadtemper.“Theoldpeoplecomeinhereandgivemeunwantedadvice,orsaythatIwillneverbeabletogrowanything,”shesays.Herblackbeansbegtodiffer.SheandtheSouthKoreangovernmentwillbehopingthathercropsputtheargumenttorestforgood.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了韓國(guó)越來(lái)越多的年輕人遠(yuǎn)離城市喧囂、回歸田園生活的現(xiàn)象。1．WhydoesthewritertellMsKim'sstory?A．Tostartadiscussion.B．Tointroduceatopic.C．Toexplainasolution.D．Tomakeacomparison.解析：選B推理判斷題。第一段中的“WHENKIMJI-UNlivedinSeoul,sheworriedaboutfindingagoodjob.Now,sheisworriedthatdroughtmayruinhercrop.”提到Kim女士從城市回歸農(nóng)村，下文講述了韓國(guó)出現(xiàn)的“回歸農(nóng)村生活”的現(xiàn)象，故第一段提到Kim女士是為了引入本文話題。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“alegup”inParagraph3mean?A．Anewidentity. B．Ahelpinghand.C．Abigreward. D．Adifferentidea.解析：選B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“TheysellfreshproduceonNaver,SouthKorea'slargestsearchengine.”可知，年輕農(nóng)民可以在數(shù)字技術(shù)的幫助下在線上銷售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，由此可推知，畫線短語(yǔ)所在句意為“對(duì)數(shù)字技術(shù)的適應(yīng)給年輕農(nóng)民提供了幫助”，alegup意為“幫助”。3．Whatisthechallengefortheyoungfarmers?A．Farmingtechniques.B．Hardwork.C．Communicativeskills.D．Unwantedadvice.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Themostimportantlessonishowtogetonwiththelocals.”可知，年輕農(nóng)民面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是學(xué)習(xí)溝通技巧。4．WhatcanweinferfromkwichoninSouthKorea?A．Farmingmakeshugeprofits.B．Localsneedtechnicaltraining.C．Ithelpstoreviveruralareas.D．Governmentshouldhelpfarmers.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Byplantingyoungfarmersinruralareas,thegovernmenthopestoenjoybigrewardsinfuture.”及第三段內(nèi)容可知，年輕人從城市回歸農(nóng)村有助于振興農(nóng)村地區(qū)。B(2023·山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)一模)Whatdefinesus?Ifpressed,Iwouldanswerthatifthereisanypartofmethatsitsatmycore,thensurelyitmustbemymoralcenter,mydeep-seatedsenseofrightandwrong.AndIoftenfeelthatI'maslightlydifferentpersonineachlanguageIspeak—moredeterminedinEnglish,morerelaxedinFrench,andmoreemotionalinCzech.Isitpossiblethat,alongwiththesedifferences,mymoralguidelinesalsopointinsomewhatdifferentdirectionsdependingonthelanguageI'musing?InaresearchledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemmaknownasthe“trainproblem”：Imaginethatatrainischargingatfivepeoplestandingonthetrack,unabletomove.Theonlywaytostopthetrainandsparethefivepeopleispushanotherstrangeroffafootbridgeintoitspath.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatposingthedilemmainalanguagethatvolunteershadlearnedasforeigntonguedramaticallyincreasedtheirwillingnesstopushthesacrificialpersonoffthefootbridge,fromfewerthan20%respondentsusingtheirnativelanguagetoabout50%ofthoseusingtheforeignone.InanotherresearchconductedbyJanetGreipel,volunteersreadactsthatmanypeoplefindimmoral,suchasstorieswheresomeonecookedandatehisdogafterithadbeenKeadbycar.Thosewhoreadthestoriesinaforeignlanguageperceivedtheseactionslesswrongthanthosewhoreadthemintheirnativetongue.Thedifferenceinthisjudgmentcomesdowntotwoseparateandcompetingthinkingpatterns—oneofthese,aquickanddirectfeeling,andtheother,carefuldeliberationaboutthegreatestgoodforthelargestnumber.Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemoredeliberatemodesimplybecausetheeffortofoperatinginourno-nativelanguageactivatesourcognitivesystem.Thisissimilartofindingsthatreadingmathproblemsinahard-to-readtypeface(字體)makespeoplelesslikelytomakecarelessmistakes.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了作者認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言與道德有關(guān)，并列舉了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)以及對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。5．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Heinveststimeinstudyinglanguage.B．Heperceiveslanguagesdifferslightly.C．Heignorestheroleofmoralconcepts.D．Hethinkslanguagesrelatetomorals.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言與道德有關(guān)。6．Howdidtheauthorprovehisviewpoint?A．Bycarefullycitingexamples.B．Bycollectingandlistingdata.C．Byconductingexperiments.D．Byanalyzingpeople'shabits.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“InaresearchledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemma...fivepeoplestandingonthetrack,unabletomove.”以及第四段中的“InanotherresearchconductedbyJanetGreipel...ithadbeenKeadbycar.”可知，作者通過(guò)仔細(xì)地引用例子證明他的觀點(diǎn)。[謹(jǐn)防最易錯(cuò)的那一個(gè)]錯(cuò)因：本題易誤選C。題干信息問(wèn)作者如何證明他的觀點(diǎn)，而部分考生根據(jù)“Inaresearchled”“Inanotherresearchconducted”而誤選為通過(guò)做實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法來(lái)證明。分析：本題屬于寫作手法題。解答此類題時(shí)，考生要根據(jù)文章的體裁，在理解文章主題和內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的脈絡(luò)，理解段落層次之間的關(guān)系，弄清作者的寫作手法。本文是說(shuō)明文，為突出主題，作者采用不同的寫作手法來(lái)組織文章，如本題，作者通過(guò)引用兩個(gè)例子的手法來(lái)闡明主題。7．Whyare“mathproblems”mentioned?A．Tojustifyathinkingpattern.B．Topresentanewfinding.C．Toclarifythecognitivesystem.D．Towarnagainstmakingmistakes.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemoredeliberatemodesimply...lesslikelytomakecarelessmistakes.”可推知，提到“數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題”是為一種思維模式進(jìn)行解釋。8．What'sasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．Morality:TheCoreofPeopleB．Languages:InsightsintoJudgmentsC．Languages:AShapingPowertoMoralityD．Morality:ANewWaytoLearnLanguages解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第二段并結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了作者認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言與道德有關(guān)，并列舉了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)以及對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。故C選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言：一種塑造道德的力量”最符合文章標(biāo)題。C(2023·煙臺(tái)一模)Parentingstyleshavechangedovertheyearsinresponsetotherapidchangesintheworld.Whetheritistappingtechnologyorapplyingthebestparentingpracticestomeetaparentingneed,parentsnowadaysgenerallyinvestmoretimeinfindingouthowbesttoraisetheirchildren.ModernparentsoftenlooktotheInternetandsocialmediaforparentingadvice.Theavailabilityofresourceshashelpedmodernparentsengagemoreintheirchildren'sdevelopment,bothacademicallyandemotionally.Modernparentsarealsomoreeagertofindouteffectiveparentingmethodstohelpthemraisedisciplinedandconfidentchildren.Amodernparentingstylethathasemergedishelicopterparenting,whereparentsaremuchtoofocusedontheirchildren.Theyhelpchildrenwithtasksthey'recapableofdoingontheirown,likeselectingactivitiesandfriendsforthem,orcallingtheirteachersabouthomeworkmatters.Suchaparentingstylecanholdbackthedevelopmentofthechildren'sabilitytohandleresponsibilitiesindependently.Childrenmightbeill-equippedwithlifeskillssuchasdoinglaundry(洗衣)，clearingtheirplatesorcopingwiththeirschoolwork.Alwaysprotectingchildrenfromfailuresmayalsopreventthemdevelopingadaptabilityandacquiringskillslikeproblem-solving.Ontheotherhand,parentsinthepasttendedtomonitorless.Childrenweregivenmorecontroloverhowtomanagetheirschoolworkandchoosetheirfriends.Domestichelperswerealsonotthenormthen,hencechildrenofthepastwereoftenexpectedtoshouldertheresponsibilitiesofcaringforyoungerbrothersandsistersandmanaginghousework.Livinginthepre-internetage,parentswerelessinformedaboutdifferentparentingmethods,andtheirparentingstyleswereguidedmorebytheirpersonalities,commonsenseandfriendlyadvicefromtheextendedfamilyandneighbors,ratherthanbysocialmediainfluencesorparentingwebsites.Thereisnoonerightwaytoraiseachild.Eachchildisuniqueandshouldberaiseddifferentlybyparentswhoarepresentbutnotwandering,whoaresupportivebutnotcontrolling,andwhoprotectbutnotcaretoomuch.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了近些年來(lái)“育兒模式”的變化歷程。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tapping”meaninParagraph1?A．Employing. B．Tracking.C．Monitoring. D．Identifying.解析：選A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的內(nèi)容“applyingthebestparentingpractices”可知，畫線詞與后文的applying構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“利用”。10．Whatisadistinctivecharacteristicofhelicopterparenting?A．Flexible. B．Efficient.C．Conventional. D．Overinvolved.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Amodernparentingstylethathasemergedishelicopterparenting,whereparentsaremuchtoofocusedontheirchildren.”可知，在“直升機(jī)式育兒”方式中，父母參與的太多。11．Whatdoweknowaboutparentsinthepast?A．Theyeducatedkidsinarigidway.B．Theyoverestimatedtheirkids'independence.C．Theyaffordedkidsmorespaceforself-growth.D．Theytendedtostayawayfromsocialactivities.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ontheotherhand,parentsinthepast...andchoosetheirfriends.”可知，過(guò)去的父母對(duì)孩子監(jiān)督較少，給予孩子更多的空間。12．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A．Howtoraiseall-roundchildren.B．Howtoenhanceparent-childbonds.C．Howparentingmodeshaveshiftedovertheyears.D．Howinformationtechnologyboostspeople'slifestyles.解析：選C主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Parentingstyleshavechangedovertheyearsinresponsetotherapidchangesintheworld.”并結(jié)合全文可知，文章講述的是近些年來(lái)的育兒模式發(fā)生的變化。C選項(xiàng)概括了文章主題。D(2023·浙江三市二模)Thetopic“slashyouth”，referringtothoserefusingtobedefinedorboundbyjustonepersonalidentityandchoosingtoundertakemultiplecareers,hasfueledheateddebateonsocialmedia.OnDouban,aChinesesocialnetworkingplatform,thetopichasattractedabout11,000postsandhasbeenviewedover400milliontimes.China'syoungpeoplearekeentosharetheir“slashyouth”storiesonline,presentingthemselvesasmultipleandsometimesdistinctidentities,suchasanurseandmodel,ateacherandstand-upcomedian,andanengineerandmusician.XingEryang,a31-year-oldfemaleresidentinBeijing,foundedtheDoubantopicin2021.Whilestayingdiligentaboutherdaytimework,sheisdevelopingherhobbies,includingstand-upcomedyandvlogging,intosecondarycareersduringhersparetime.Andsheisamazedtofindher“slashlife”philosophyfollowedbysomanyofherpeers.WeiHeng,a26-year-oldwomaninGuangzhou,andTangYuhan,a27-year-oldmaninXuanchengcity,AnhuiProvince,arebothparticipantsinthetopic,withtheirstoriesearningthousandsoflikessofar.Thetwoarebothmusiciansintheirsparetime,eventhoughtheyarethousandsofmilesapartandhavedifferentjobsinmediaandfinance.Theirpassionformusichasgrownsincecollegeandtheydidn'tabandontheirenthusiasm,evenafterenteringtheworkplace.Theirreactionshowedthegapbetweentheyoungandformergenerations.“Myparentsusedtosay，‘Musiccannotearnyoumoney，’sothebandthingwasregardedasawasteoftime.However,wewanttopursuewhateverweloveandarewillingtopayforit.”saysWeiHeng.“The‘slashlife'mania(狂熱)showsthat,alongwithChina'seconomicdevelopment,oursocietyisbecomingmoreandmorediversifiedandinclusive,anditwelcomeseveryone'sself-fulfillment，”saysShiYanrong,anassociateresearcherfromTianjinAcademyofSocialSciences.“Youngpeoplenolongerhavetorelyonworkandmoneyfortheirsenseofself-worth.Theytendtopracticeacarpediem(活在當(dāng)下)philosophyandcreatetheirownidentities.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：這是一篇說(shuō)明文。“斜杠青年”指的是那些拒絕被個(gè)人身份定義或約束，選擇從事多種職業(yè)的人。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)的年輕人所追求的“斜杠生活”。13．Whatare“slashyouth”morelikelytodo?A．CreateatopiconDouban.B．Takediverseoccupations.C．Becomeastand-upcomedian.D．Sharetheirownstoriesonline.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“China'syoungpeoplearekeento...presentingthemselvesasmultiple