2022屆初中英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng)講解訓(xùn)練情態(tài)動詞

PAGE情態(tài)動詞can/could表示“能力”，can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過去的能力。例Canyouliftthisheavybox?表示推測，通常用于否定句，can’t表示“不可能”，用于表示把握比較大的推測。例Thatcan’tbeMary,forsheisinhospital.表示“請求”和“許可”(could用來表示“請求”時(shí)，是委婉的說法，回答時(shí)一般用can)。例--Couldyoupleasedomeafavor?--Yes,Ican.①-Finishdrawingahorseintenminutes.OK？-Sorry.It________insuchashorttime.maydoB.can’tbedoneC.mustdoD.needn’tbedone②_______sheridewhenshewasthreeyearsold？CanB.CouldC.NeedD.May答案：①B②Bmay/mightmay和might在肯定句中表示“允許”，在疑問句中表示“請求”。might表示請求時(shí)，對其進(jìn)行肯定回答用may/can,而不用might；對于may的疑問句，肯定回答用“Yes,youmay.”，否定回答用“No,youcan't/musn't.”例─MayIgofishingwithyoutomorrow?─Yes,youmay./No,youcan't/mustn’t.表示推測，意為“可能，或許”，比can的可能性小。通常不用于疑問句中。例Shemaybeathometoday.may用于祈使句中表示祝愿。例Mayyoubehappyforever.①-________Ihaveyourname，please？-Yes，Michael.M-I-C-H-A-E-L.A.MustB.WillC.MayD.Need②-MayIgotothecinema，dad？-No，you________.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustn’tB.won’tC.don’tD.needn’t③-WhatdoyousendtoyoursisterasaChristmasgift?-Ihaven'tdecidedyet.I________sendherahandbag.答案：①C②A③may可能性can﹥could﹥may﹥might禮貌程度might﹥may﹥could﹥canmust表示義務(wù)、必要性、命令等，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”，更強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀態(tài)度。例Youmustfinishyourhomeworkthisafternoon.Youmustn’tsmokehere.表示推測。語氣最為肯定，一般用于肯定句，意為“一定，準(zhǔn)是”。例Shemustbetiredaftersuchalongwalk.注意：其否定形式為mustn’t,意為“不許，禁止”。若要表示“不必須，沒必要”時(shí)，則用don'thaveto或needn't；若表示“不可能”時(shí)，用can't.練習(xí)①Thedeskisnotdirty.You_______cleanit.A.mustn’tB.shouldn’tC.needn’tD.can’t②—IsJessicagivingusaspeechthisevening?--No,it________beher.She________toJapan.A.mustn’thasgoneB.mustn’thasbeenC.can’thasgoneD.can’thasbeen答案：①C②C③mayhaveto表示客觀需要，意為“必須，不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的必要性。例Youhavetobebackbefore10o’clockbecausethetrainleavesat10:05.shall征求對方意見。用于主語是第一人稱或第三人稱的疑問句中。例Henryiswaitingoutside.Shallhecomein,sir?表示說話者給出的命令、警告、許諾或威脅等。用于主語是第二人稱或第三人稱的陳述句中。例Youshallbepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.TellJerryheshallgetagiftifheisnice.在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示規(guī)定或義務(wù)等。例Thosebelongingtoourclubshallwearuniforms.should表示勸告、建議、命令或義務(wù)。例Youshouldlearntorespectyourelders.Youshouldhelphimbecauseheisintrouble.表示驚訝、憂慮、惋惜等情緒，意為“竟會，竟然”。例It’sapitythatyoushouldbesocareless.WhyshouldanyonewanttomarryTony?oughtto意為“理應(yīng)，應(yīng)該”，表示一種義務(wù)或從道理或道義上來講的一種責(zé)任，可用should替換。例Yououghttostudyhard.意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)是”，表示一種推測，可用should替換。例Heishonest,sowhathesaidoughttobetrue.will/would表示意愿，自愿或主動提出做什么。例Iwillhelpyouifyoumeetwithtrouble.2.表示請求，would比will語氣委婉。例Wouldyoupleaseletmehavealook?3.表示習(xí)慣或傾向。will用于表示一般的習(xí)慣，would用于描述過去的習(xí)慣或例行的活動。例Jealousywillspoilfriendship.Hewouldcometohelpuswhenhewasfree.will表示規(guī)律性的“注定會”。例Youwillfailifyoudon'tworkhard.Manwilldiewithoutair.need表示必要性，常用于疑問句和否定句中，needn’t表示“不必”；對need引出的一般疑問句作肯定回答時(shí)用must而不用need，作否定回答是用needn’t。例Thisisafreeservice;youneedn’tpayforit.─NeedIhandintheapplicationnow?─Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.dare意為“敢，膽敢”，作情態(tài)動詞時(shí)后跟動詞原形，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中。例Howdareshedothingslikethattome?─Dareyoucatchthemouse?─No,Idarenot.練習(xí)─Ihavepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.─Doyoumeanwe________bringanythingwithus?A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shan’tD.needn’tDayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,but________saywherehewas.Amustn’tBshouldn’tCwouldn’tDmightn’tItwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,_______bringmefood.AmightBwouldCshouldDcouldYou______buyagift,butyoucanifyouwant.AmustBmustn’tChavetoDdon’thavetoThenewlawstatesthatpeople______driveafterdrinkingalcohol.Awouldn’tBneedn’tCwon’tDmustn’t─Youneedn’ttakeanumbrella.Itisn’tgoingtorain.─Well,Idon’tknow.It_____do.AmightBneedCwouldDshould─_________Itakethebookout?─I’mafraidnot.A.WillB.MayC.MustD.Need8.He____sleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.Awouldn’tBshouldn’tCcouldn’tDmustn’t9.—Whatdoyouwanttoeatforlunch?1willprepareearliertoday,—Honey,you____________.Let'sgoouttohavesomethingdifferent.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.shouldn'tD.don'thaveto10.--IsthatournewEnglishteacher?--Well,it____be,butIamnotquitesure.AshouldBmight