初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法幾大基本時(shí)態(tài)講與練一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用最廣泛的時(shí)態(tài)之一，是初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)。它表示1)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g.

Igotoschoolonfoot.

Heisverybusynow.2)表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力、愛(ài)好等。e.g.Hecanswim.

Iworkhard.

IlikewatchingTV.3)表示客觀真理e.g.Therearesevendaysinaweek.

Themoonmovesroundtheearth.

其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語(yǔ)序，即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它”，有時(shí)為了起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可提前.

其句式變化可分為兩種情況1)表示動(dòng)作，一般人稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞don’t；變一般疑問(wèn)句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞do。E.g.

Theyhavelunchat12:00.

Theydon’thavelunchat12:00.

Dotheyhavelunchat12:00?2）單三人稱(chēng)做主語(yǔ)的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞doesn’t；變一般疑問(wèn)句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞does。

E.g.

JennyspeaksEnglishverywell.Jennydoesn’tspeakEnglishverywell.

DoesJennyspeakEnglishverywell?

含有be動(dòng)詞的要在be上做變化.

E.g.Dannyisagoodstudent.Dannyisn’tagoodstudent.IsDannyagoodstudent?

其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為often、usually、always、sometimes等頻率副詞，onSaturdays、inthemorning(afternoonevening)

、everyday等。常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：一、單三人稱(chēng)形式易出錯(cuò)

例：1Heplaiesfootballverywell.2Dannygostoschoolat7:10.

（答案：1plays

2goes）解析：1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變單三人稱(chēng)形式才能把y換成i再加es；2與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不同，變單三人稱(chēng)形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.

二、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)

例：1DoesJennyhasagoodfriend?2Briandoesn’tlivesinChina.

（答案：1Does

have

2doesn’tlive）解析：?jiǎn)稳朔Q(chēng)做主語(yǔ)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)做句式變化時(shí)，可記住如下口訣：“見(jiàn)助動(dòng)，用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中。e.g.Hedidn'tgohomeyesterday.

三、對(duì)do的理解易出錯(cuò)

例：Wedon’tourhomeworkintheafternoon.

（答案：don’tdo）解析：do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞，它有三個(gè)含義:

a)是所有行為動(dòng)詞的總稱(chēng)；b)是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)實(shí)義；c)是一個(gè)具體的行為動(dòng)詞“做，干”。此句中給出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，故須在do前加助動(dòng)詞don’t。

（一）、單選

1Jenny____inanoffice.

Herparents____inahospital.

Awork;works

Bworks;work

C

work;areworking

D

isworking;work

2Oneoftheboys_____ablackhat.

Ahave

Bthereis

Cthereare

Dhas

3Wewillgoshoppingifit____tomorrow.

Adon'train

Bdidn'train

Cdoesn'train

Disn'train

4Hesaidthesun____intheeastand____inthewest.

Arose;set

Brises;sets

Crises,set

Drise;sets

5WangMei____musicandoften____tomusic.

Alike;listen

Blikes;listens

Clike;arelistening

Dliking;listen

6Jenny____Englisheveryevening.

Ahasstudy

Bstudies

Cstudy

Dstudied

答案：1B

2D

3C

4B

5B

6B

（二）、填空

1IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe_____

(come)tovisit.

2_____yoursister_____(know)English?

3Herhome____

_____

______(遠(yuǎn)離)herschool.

4Thepot_____(notlook)likeyoursverymuch.

5Where_____you____(have)luncheveryday?

6Who_____(想要)togoswimming?

7______she_____(do)thehouseworkeveryday?

8JennyandDannyusually______(play)gamesintheafternoon.

答案：1comes

2Does

know

3isawayfrom

4doesn'tlook

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示：1、現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話的瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“此時(shí)此刻”。E.g.Heisreading.Theyaretalkingnow.

2、當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。E.g.Theyareworkingthesedays.

3、某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表預(yù)定的計(jì)劃或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。E.gIamcoming.

其結(jié)構(gòu)為be+現(xiàn)在分詞.現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有：

1、一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ing,

E.g.jump

2、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e，再加-ing.E.ghave

write

3、.以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，它前面是單個(gè)元音字母時(shí)要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫(xiě)，再加上-ing.E.g.sitput

其句式變換都在be上做文章。

E.g.Heisbuyingabike.Ishebuyingabike?Heisn’tbuyingabike.

一般由look,listen,now,atthismoment等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做標(biāo)志。

常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：一、把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式易出錯(cuò)

例：1、Theyareswiming.2、Jennyisplaiingfootball.

（答案：1.swimming

2.playing）解析：動(dòng)詞變現(xiàn)在分詞可有如下口訣:“一添一去y不變”.“一添”指雙寫(xiě)規(guī)則；“一去”指去掉不發(fā)音字母e規(guī)則；“y不變”指要與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)區(qū)分開(kāi)。

二、丟掉be動(dòng)詞或忘記把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞例：1、Look,twochildrenflyingakiteinthepark.

（答案：1areflying

2isn’treading）解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)肯定句的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律為:“be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可”。這一點(diǎn)必須牢記。

三、對(duì)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組提問(wèn)時(shí)丟掉doing

例：1、Thestudentsaresingingintheroom.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))

Whatarethestudentsintheroom?

（答案：Whatarethestudentsdoingintheroom?）解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中對(duì)動(dòng)作提問(wèn)可記住此句式“What+be+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它?”或簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)為“What......doing......”?句式。（一）、單選

1、Look!He_____theirmotherdothehousework.

A.ishelping

B.arehelp

C.ishelp

D.ishelpping

2、_____aretheboysdoing?Theyaresingingintheroom.

A.Who

B.How

C.What

D.Where

3、Don’ttalkhere.Mymother_____.

A.issleeping

B.aresleeping

C.sleeping

D.sleep

4、Danny______.Don’tcallhim.

A.iswriteing

B.iswriting

C.writing

D.writes

5、–When_____he_____back?–Sorry,Idon’tknow.

A.does,come

B.arecoming

C.iscome

D.iscoming

答案：A

C

A

B

D

（二）、填空

1、It’steno’clock.Mymother_____(lie)inbed.

2、What____he_____(mend)?

3、We_____(play)gamesnow.

4、What____you____(do)thesedays?

5、____he___(clean)theclassroom?

6、Who____(sing)inthenextroom?

7、Thegirl____(like)wearingasweater.Look!She____(wear)aredsweatertoday.

答案：1islying

2ismending

3

areplaying

4aredoing

5Iscleaning

6issinging

7likes;

iswearing一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)理解：1）過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g.Iboughtanewshirtyesterday.Hewasaworkertwoyearsago.2）過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。e.g.WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedwithfire.

LiLeialwayswalkedtoschoollastterm.3）談到已故人的情況時(shí)多用過(guò)去時(shí)。e.g.LuXunwasagreatwriter.4）有些發(fā)生時(shí)間不是很清楚的情況，實(shí)際是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，也應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。e.g.Whatdidyousay?

另外，還可用過(guò)去時(shí)表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣。e.g.Couldyoulendmeyourpen?

其結(jié)構(gòu)是"主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式"。be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式為was,were；行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化有以下幾種情況：1）直接在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed.e.g.work-----worked;ask------asked;2）以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只加-d.e.g.arrive-----arrived;like-----liked.3)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed.e.g.shop-----shopped;4)以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed.e.g.carry----carried;study------studied.有些動(dòng)詞變過(guò)去式是不規(guī)則的,e.g.fly------flew;break-----broke;teach-----taught.這些需要象生單詞一樣記住.

其句式變化分為兩種情況1)含有be動(dòng)詞的依然在be上做文章.e.g.Iwasbornin1980.

Iwasnotbornin1980.

Wereyoubornin1980?2)含有行為動(dòng)詞的變否定句要在行為動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞didn't.,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形;變一般疑問(wèn)句,在句首加助動(dòng)詞did,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形.e.g.Iboughtagiftformymumyesterday.

Ididn'tbuyagiftformymumyesterday.

Didyoubuyagiftforyourmumyesterday?

其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),e.g.yesterdaymorning;由"last+時(shí)間"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),e.g.lastyear;由"時(shí)間段+ago"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),e.g.threedaysago;另外,還有onthemorningofMonday,justnow等,以及一些表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的從句.注意,在賓語(yǔ)從句中主句為過(guò)去,一般從句也為過(guò)去.常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：

一、把動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式易出錯(cuò)

例:1Theystopedtalkingjustnow.2Theyplaiedfootballyesterday.

（答案:1stopped

2played）解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:"動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式,雙寫(xiě)規(guī)律要牢記;y前若是輔音字,y變i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只須直接加-ed."

二、忘記把動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式

例:IflykitesontheafternoonofSunday.

（答案:flew）解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:"一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)里,過(guò)去形式莫忘記".

三、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)

例:1Wedidn'twentoutlastFriday.2Didyouhadagoodtimeyesterday?

（答案:1didn'tgo

2Didhave）解析:請(qǐng)記住口訣"見(jiàn)助動(dòng),用原形."

四、易與單三人稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)弄混

例:HetaughtsmeEnglishlastyear.

（答案:taught）解析:行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化.即使主語(yǔ)是單三人稱(chēng),也和其它人稱(chēng)所用動(dòng)詞的形式一樣.

（一）選擇

1Shelivedtherebeforehe____toChina.

A.came

B.comes

C.come

D.coming

2I_____but_____nothing.

A.waslistened;washearing

B.listened;heardC.havelistened;heard

D.listened;heardof

3Whendidyou____here?

A.gotto

B.reached

C.arrivein

D.reach

4I____myhomeworkat7:00yesterdayevening.

A.finished

B.wouldfinish

C.wasfinishing

D.finish

5-Hedidn'tgoshoppingwithyouyesterdayafternoon,didhe?-_______.

A.No,hedoesn't

B.Yes,hedidn't

C.No,hedid

D.Yes,hedid.

6-Ihavehadsupper.-When____you____it?

A.have;had

B.do,have

C.did,have

D.willhave

答案:1A

2B

3D

4A

5D

6C

（二）填空

1They____(be)onthefarmamomentago.

2There____(be)ashopnotlongago.

3Jenny____(notgo)tobeduntil11:00o'clocklastnight.

4Danny_____(read)Englishfiveminutesago.

5I_____(see)LiLei____(go)outjustnow.

6He____(do)hishomeworkeveryday.Buthe__(notdo)ityesterday.

7WhenIwasyoung,I_____(play)gameswithmyfriends.

8When____you_____(write)thisbook?I_____itlastyear.

9Didhe____(have)lunchathome?

10I_____(eat)thebread,I'mfullnow.

答案:1were

2was

3didn'tgo

4read

5sawgo

6does;didn'tdo

7played

8didwrite;wrote

9have

10haveeaten一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及計(jì)劃、打算做某事。E.g.Theywillhaveafootballmatchtomorrow.

Hewillbethirtynextweek.

Sheisgoingtobuyacoatthisafternoon.

其結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾種:1)will+動(dòng)詞原形(will可以用于任何人稱(chēng))需要注意的是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)will可以換成shall,特別是在以I或we作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句中,一般用shall.

e.g.Shallwegotothezoo?

2)begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來(lái),前邊已經(jīng)講過(guò),這里不在重復(fù).

第一種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化是:變否定句在will后邊加not.變一般疑問(wèn)句把will提前.e.g.

Shewillbebackinthreedays.

Shewillnotbebackinthreedays.

WillShebebackinthreedays?第二種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化要在be上做文章.E.g.Theyaregoingtocleantheirclassroom.

Theyarenotgoingtocleantheirclassroom.

Aretheygoingtocleantheirclassroom?

其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有如下幾種1）this引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)如thisyear

2）tomorrow及其相關(guān)短語(yǔ)如tomorrowmorning3）next引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)如nextmonth

4)fromnowon;inthefuture;inanhour等。

常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：

一、易忽視動(dòng)詞用原形形式

例：1Heisgoingtodoeshishomeworkafterschool.

（答案：1be

2do）解析：第一題有的同學(xué)一看he做主語(yǔ)就用了is，忽視了will后應(yīng)加動(dòng)詞原形。我們?cè)趯?xiě)句子時(shí)，很容易把動(dòng)詞丟掉，“英語(yǔ)句子里，動(dòng)詞不能少”的規(guī)律必須要牢記。第二題中to后加動(dòng)詞原形，而不是用單三人稱(chēng).。

二、begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形與will+動(dòng)詞原形用法不清楚

例：我正努力學(xué)習(xí)，準(zhǔn)備參加英語(yǔ)考試。IamstudyinghardandIwilltryformyEnglishexams.

（答案：IamstudyinghardandIamgoingtotryformyEnglishexams.）解析：“begoingto”表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事。E.g.Heisgoingtovisithisfriends.還表示某種跡象表明會(huì)發(fā)生某事.e.g.Lookattheclouds.It’sgoingtorain.而“Will+動(dòng)詞原形”指對(duì)將來(lái)事物的預(yù)見(jiàn)、表示意愿、決心。E.g.Iwillwaitforyouuntilyoucome.在單純預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)時(shí)，二者可以互換，但在此題中只能用begoingto，而不能用will。三、Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)易出錯(cuò)

例：There_________abasketballmatchthisafternoon.

Aisgoingtobe

Bisgoingtohave

Caregoingtobe

Daregoingtohave

（答案：A）解析：Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)既要符合Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，又要符合一般將來(lái)時(shí)。有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為have當(dāng)“有”講，所以選了B，但Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)就不成立了，此句中is是begoingto中的，是由后邊的單數(shù)名詞決定的.

四、begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)中易丟掉to

例：I’mgoing_______schoolbybiketomorrow.

Atowillgo

Btogoto

Cgoto

Dtogo

（答案：B）解析：由tomorrow可知是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，所以先確定用togo,在B、D當(dāng)中選，而gotoschool是固定詞組，不能因?yàn)榍斑呌幸粋€(gè)to而省略，這是一個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，需要注意。另外，在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，若主句用了將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，前邊已經(jīng)講過(guò),這里不在重復(fù).

（一）、單選

1_____you____adoctorwhenyougrowup?

AWill;goingtobe

BAre;goingtobe

CAre;/

DWill;be

2Idon’tknowifhisuncle_____.

Ithinkhe_____ifitdoesn’train.

Awillcome;comes

Bwillcome;willcome

Ccomes;comes

Dcomes;willcome

3Hewillbeback_____afewminutes.

Awith

Bfor

Con

Din

4Whattime_____wemeetatthegatetomorrow?

Awill

Bshall

Cdo

Dare

5Hewillhaveaholidayassoonashe_____theworknextweek.

Afinishes

Bdoesn’tfinish

Cwillfinish

Dwon’tfinish

6There_____someshowersthisafternoon.

Awillbe

Bwillhave

Cisgoingtobe

Daregoingtohave

7It____mybrother’sbirthdaytomorrow.She_____aparty.

Aisgoingtobe;willhave

Bwillbe;ishaving

Cwillbe;isgoingtohave

Dwillhave;isgoingtobe

8LiMingis10yearsoldnow,nextyearhe_____11.

Ais

Bisgoingtobe

Cwillbe

Dwilltobe

答案：1B

2B

3D

4B

5A

6A

7C

8C

（二）、填空

1-“Ineedsomepaper.”-“I____(bring)someforyou.”

2____(be)youfreetomorrow?

3They_________(notleave)untilyoucomeback.

4_____we_____(go)tothepartytogetherthisafternoon?

5Theywanttoknowwhenthemeeting_____start.

6I_____(go)withyouifIhavetime.

7Hurryup!Orwe______(be)late.

8What____you_______(do)tomorrowafternoon?

9Jenny_________(do)anexperimentthedayaftertomorrow.

10Ifsheisn’tfreetomorrow,she_______(nottake)partintheparty.

答案：

1willbring

2Are

3won’tleave

4Shallgo

5will

6willgo

7willbe

8are

goingtodo

9willdo

10won’ttake過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)是表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?？梢詮膬蓚€(gè)方面來(lái)理解：1過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。E.g.Theywereplayingfootballatteno’clockyesterdaymorning.

MymotherwascookingwhenIgothome.

Iwaswashingmyclothesatthistimeyesterday.

2過(guò)去某階段持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

Whatwereyoudoingduringtheholiday?

另外，在復(fù)合句中，若主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)e.g.JennywasreadingwhileDannywaswriting.

其結(jié)構(gòu)是助動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去形式was/were+v-ing.

其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章。E.g.Wewereworkinginclass.

Weweren’tworkinginclass.

Wereyouworkinginclass?

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如lastnight,atthattime,atnoonyesterday,lastSunday等。也有時(shí)沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要通過(guò)上下文的暗示來(lái)確定用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。E.g.Thestudentsallworkedhard.Everyoneknewwhathewasworkingfor.

常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：

一、易把be+現(xiàn)在分詞記成be+過(guò)去分詞

例：Hewastalkedtohismumatthattime.

（答案：wastalking）解析：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別體現(xiàn)在be動(dòng)詞上。

二、丟掉be動(dòng)詞或忘記把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞

例：1IwatchingTVwhenhecamein.

（答案：1waswatching

2wereplaying）解析：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中“be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可”的規(guī)律也可應(yīng)用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

三、對(duì)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組提問(wèn)時(shí)丟掉doing

例：Wewereflyingkitesat5:00p.m.yesterday.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))

Whatwereyouat5:00p.m.yesterday?

（答案：Whatwereyoudoingat5:00p.m.yesterday?）解析：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中“What……doing……”?句式同樣適用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

（一）、單選

1What______fromthreetofouryesterdayafternoon?

Ahaveyoudone

Bhadyoudone

Cdidyoudo

Dwereyoudoing

2–Icallyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.

-Oh.,I’msorryI_____dinneratmyfriend’shome.

Ahome

Bhad

Cwashaving