定語從句高中英語北師大版（2019）必修第一冊(cè)

定語從句RelativeClausesContents一、什么是定語？二、什么是定語從句？三、定語從句的核心考點(diǎn)四、定語從句真題集訓(xùn)一、什么是定語？1.用來修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子成分2.可以放在名詞之前；也可以放在名詞或代詞之后3.在翻譯時(shí)通常帶有一個(gè)“的”ThebeautifulgirlisAngelababy.ThebeautifulgirlwhocanspeakgoodEnglishisAngelababy.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句

定語一個(gè)句子起到了定語功能叫做定語從句。被修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語從句需用關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）引導(dǎo)。二、什么是定語從句？二、什么是定語從句？當(dāng)定語成分由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)時(shí)，這個(gè)句子就叫定語從句，即用一個(gè)句子去修飾另一個(gè)句子中的某個(gè)名詞或代詞1.功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語。2.位置：定語從句常置于被修飾詞之后；as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Thosewhoarefortheplanraiseyourhands,please.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.

Asisknowntousall,theearthisspinningaroundthesun.3.先行詞：被定語從句修飾詞稱為先行詞。先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如：some-,any-,every-,no-與-body，-thing的合成詞或all,none,any,some,that,those等代詞。數(shù)詞和人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。4.關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,which,that,whose,as等。關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why等。5.關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用：（1）連接作用：連接主句與從句。（2）替代作用：指代先行詞。（3）成分作用：在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分?？键c(diǎn)精析框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖定語從句關(guān)系詞定義分類that和which的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指代人whowhomwhosethatas指代物whichwhosethataswhen---時(shí)間where---地點(diǎn)why---原因限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句只用that的情況只用which的情況關(guān)系代詞1關(guān)系代詞who111關(guān)系代詞whom212關(guān)系代詞that313that關(guān)系代詞that414that關(guān)系代詞which515關(guān)系副詞2關(guān)系副詞when,where,why

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。when指時(shí)間＝in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地點(diǎn)＝in/at/onwhichwhy指原因＝forwhichThereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?關(guān)系副詞when1關(guān)系副詞代替功能在從句中的成分例句when(＝at/on/in/duringwhich)時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語Shestillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)shewontheprize.她仍然記得她獲獎(jiǎng)的那一天。關(guān)系副詞where2關(guān)系副詞代替功能在從句中的成分例句where(＝in/atwhich)地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語Thisisthefactorywhere(atwhich)hisfatheronceworked.這就是他父親曾經(jīng)工作過的工廠。關(guān)系副詞why3關(guān)系副詞代替功能在從句中的成分例句why(＝forwhich)reason原因狀語Hedidn'tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewasdismissed.他不知道他為什么被解雇了。關(guān)系詞的選擇31．確定關(guān)系詞三步走：(1)先找先行詞，看先行詞指的是什么。(2)看從句中是否缺成分，缺什么成分。如果從句中缺主語、表語、賓語和定語,就用關(guān)系代詞；如果從句中缺狀語,就用關(guān)系副詞。(3)依據(jù)關(guān)系詞所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植⒔Y(jié)合句意確定關(guān)系詞。

ThehouseHaveyouaskedherforthereasonneedsrepairing.whereheliveswhich/thathelivesinthat/whichmyexplainherabsence?whyshewasabsent?2.判斷關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分,取決于定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。ThisisthepointwhereIdisagree.這就是我不同意的地方。(disagree為不及物動(dòng)詞,故關(guān)系詞用where。)Thisisthepoint(which/that)Idisagreewith.這就是我不同意的地方。(從句缺少介詞with的賓語,用that/which引導(dǎo),也可以省略)三、定語從句的核心考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1.在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，只用that而不用which的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas“ThePrinceandthePauper”byMarkTwain.(2)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thesame,few等修飾時(shí)。

Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.(3)先行詞為all,much,little,none,few,everything,anything,nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.(4)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.(5)先行詞在主句中作表語時(shí)。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwasfiveyearsago.(6)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.(7)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?考點(diǎn)2.在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，只用which而不用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從句中。

Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(2)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.(3)當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)。

Naturalwateristhatwhichcontainsimpurities(雜質(zhì)).聯(lián)想：限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別？有無逗號(hào)能否用that，why引導(dǎo)先行詞是（詞/句）關(guān)系詞是否能省略限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句Thisisthegirl________________Imetinthestreet.Hemadeanewfriend,______helikedverymuch.Thefive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.

whom（that/who/whom）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)能省不能無有詞或句詞能不能

(不用who，不可省)

(which指代前面一整句話)(能填it嗎？)

(作賓語可省略）考點(diǎn)3.關(guān)系代詞who與that指人時(shí)，根據(jù)不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞。(1)當(dāng)主句是therebe句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。

Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.(2)先行詞是anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。

Onewhodoesn’tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.(3)當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?whom：指人，作賓語(在限制性定語從句中作賓語可省略，可換成that/who,但是在介詞+whom結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能省,不能換)

如：

(1)Theman

__________________

ItalkedtoisMr.Li.(2)Themanto_________ItalkedisMr.Li.考點(diǎn)4.

whom（that/who/whom）whom1）介詞與先行詞搭配I’mlookingforabasket____________Icanputallthesepeaches.2)介詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞搭配Therewasn’tasingleperson____________Icouldturnforhelp.Chinaisapowerfulcountry,_________wearegreatlyproud.3)據(jù)句意判斷Thecolorlessgas,__________________wecan’tlive,iscalledoxygen.聯(lián)想：介詞

+

whom

（指人）/

which（指物）結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞怎么選擇？withoutwhichtowhomofwhichinwhich4)ofwhich/whom表“所有”或“……中的一部分”Theoldwomanhasthreesons，all/two_____________aredoctors.Theoldwomanhasthreesons;all/twoof_____________aredoctors.Theoldwomanhasthreesonsandall/twoof_____________aredoctors.Theoldwomanhasthreesons.All/twoof_____________aredoctors.them(能填ofthem嗎？)themofwhomthemwhose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+

n.(1)I’dlikeahouse________windowsfacethesea.=…thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindowsfacethesea.(2)

I’liketothankMr.Smith,without________help,Iwouldn'thavegonesofar.(3)Thebossin_______companyIworkedfor10yearshasretired.考點(diǎn)5.whose“人/物

的……”whosewhosewhose(能填his嗎？)考點(diǎn)6.as引導(dǎo)的限制性和非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。(1)先行詞被such和thesame修飾，或句型asmany(much)中，從句都用as引導(dǎo)。Suchbooksasyouboughtformeasagiftareuseful.注意：①such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。如：

Theyaresuchbeautifulflowersthatwelovethemmuch.②thesame...as...和thesame...that...都可引導(dǎo)定語從句，前者表示“與……同樣的(同類不同個(gè))”；后者表示“同一個(gè)，就是那個(gè)”如：ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.

這同我昨天丟失的那支鋼筆一樣。(但不是同一支)ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.

這就是我昨天丟的那支鋼筆。(同一支)(2)先行詞為整個(gè)主語或主句的一部分，非限制性定語從句用as或which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別：①位置上：as從句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾：which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句只能放在主句之后。②意義上：as具有“正如，像”而which常譯為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”。ThePacificisthelargestocean,asweallknow.Theroadwastooslippery,whichcausedlotsofaccidents.

Asisknowntousall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.③which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在從句中做主語，其代指整個(gè)主句，主從句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系。Theroadwastooslippery,whichcausedlotsofaccidents.(因?yàn)槁坊猿鍪?7.必須注意的問題：(1)關(guān)系詞作主語時(shí)，從句中謂語的單、復(fù)數(shù)該如何判定。(2)注意區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。①定語從句中關(guān)系詞所作從句成分，在從句中的功能；②強(qiáng)調(diào)句中it無意義，that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞；③去掉itis/was和that/who后，如果句子成分完整，句子能夠講得通（成立）則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通（不成立）則不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。Itistheartgallerythat/whichwevisitedlastweek.(定語從句)Itwasinafive-starhotelthatwestayedlastnight.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)(3)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。①定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語，有時(shí)可省略。而且這個(gè)that還?？梢杂脀hich來代替。而同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞叫作從屬連詞，that不充當(dāng)任何成分，但一般不可省，也不能用which來代替。

Thefactthat(which)wetalkedaboutisveryimportant.(that在從句中作about的賓語定語從句)

Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.(that只起連接作用

同位語從句)Thenewsthatyouheardistrue.(that在從句中作heard的賓語定語從句)HerecomesthenewsthatsometouristsfromAmericawillcometoourvillage.(that只起連接作用同位語從句)②定語從句的先行詞可以是人，也可以是具體事物或抽象概念。修飾其前面名詞或代詞(先行詞)，說明其先行詞性質(zhì)特征的；而同位語從句進(jìn)一步說明其前面名詞(大多為抽象名詞)的內(nèi)容。Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheirs.(定語從句)Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位語從句)③根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞來區(qū)別。如果引導(dǎo)從句的詞為when,where或者why，而其前面的名詞又分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等意義，則它們?yōu)殛P(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。例如：I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIsawtheGreatWall.(定語從句)而這些連接副詞與前面的名詞意義不相關(guān)時(shí)，這些詞便是連接副詞，引導(dǎo)同位語從句前面的名詞往往也是idea,truth,news等。例如：Thequestionwhenwewillstarttheworkisnotdecided.(同位語從句)YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.(同位語從句)(4)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中省略的情況。①關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時(shí)；

Isthereanything(which)youwanted?

Whoistheman(that/who/whom)youweretalkingto?②關(guān)系詞作表語。

Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.(5)關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞一般用which,whom和whose＋名詞引導(dǎo)從句。Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,duringwhichtimehestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.Ihavemanyfriends,ofwhomsomearebusissmen.四、定語從句真題集訓(xùn)單句語法填空1.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace____________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife......解析：考查定語從句。此空修飾前面表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，并同時(shí)在從句中做主語，只能用關(guān)系代詞。故填that/which。2.(2022·新高考全國(guó)I卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies______livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.解析：考查定語從句。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)用限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞，指代先行詞species，指物，并在從句中作主語，且先行詞前有all修飾，故只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。that/whichthat3.(2021·新高考全國(guó)II卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany_________

usedalotofplastic,I’dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.解析：考查定語從句。句意:我決定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就給它發(fā)郵件，敦促它減少使用塑料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填的詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞acompany，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，所以用which或that。4.(2020·新高考全國(guó)I卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum____________openedin1759.解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填的詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞theBritishMuseum，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，所以用which或that。故填which/that。which/thatwhich/that5.(2020·新高考全國(guó)II卷)The

Digital

Worldisasetofvolumes__________

aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.解析：考查定語從句。所填的詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾前面的名詞volumes，指物，并在從句中作主語，故填that/which。6.(2020·新高考全國(guó)III卷)InancientChinalivedanartist_______paintingswerealmostlifelike.解析：考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。此處為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞artist,指人，且定語從句中缺少定語，故填whose。that/whichwhose7.(2019·新課標(biāo)III卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.解析：考查定語從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動(dòng)物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。先行詞為masters(主人)，且從句缺主語。故關(guān)系詞填who。8.(2019·浙江卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth________givesofflightinthedark.解析：考查定語從句。此空引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，且從句中缺少主語，因此用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。who

that/which9.(2019·北京卷)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose_______aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.解析：考查定語從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。此空引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語，代指人，故填who。10.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014____________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.解析：考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，astudy是先行詞，其在定語從句中作主語，故填that或which。who/that

that/which11.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,_____losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句。先行詞是CaoShengkang，關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中作主語，所以填who。12.(2020·全國(guó)I卷)Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot_______itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句。先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的spot，關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中作狀語，故填where。wherewho13.(2019·江蘇卷改編)Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.解析：考查定語從句。句意：我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)時(shí)代，在這個(gè)時(shí)代夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)最大。句中先行詞為anage(一個(gè)時(shí)代)，且從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語，所以關(guān)系詞用when。14.(2019·天津卷改編)Theirchildisatthestage_______shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.解析：考查定語從句。句意：他們的孩子正處于能說單個(gè)單詞而不能說完整句子的階段。句中shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是thestage，定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where。when

where15.(2023·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)III卷)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,______livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.解析：考查非限制性定語從句。空前有逗號(hào)，說明是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Confucius孔子，定語從句缺少主語，且指人，故填who。16.(2019·新課標(biāo)II卷)NowIreneAstb