名詞性從句資料

名詞性從句在句法作用上與名詞短語(yǔ)等同的各種從句稱為名詞性從句。它在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)，多由連詞that,wh-疑問(wèn)詞或由whatorwhatever等關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。一、主語(yǔ)從句1、由that引導(dǎo)Eg1.Thathebecameadoctormayhavebeenduetohisfather’sinfluence.Eg2.it’samiraclethathesurvivedtheaccident.Eg3.ithappenedthatIknewherboyfriend.Eg4.itisstrangethathecan’trememberhertelephonenumber.Eg5.itmustbepointedoutthatyouarecompletelywrong.注釋：（1）主語(yǔ)從句前的that不能省略，僅起連接作用。（2）例eg2,eg3,eg4,eg5中，為了保持句子平衡，由it作形式主語(yǔ)代替that從句，而將that從句后置。2、由who,whom,whose,which,what,where,when,how,why等疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。Eg1.whowillpresideatthemeetingremainsunknown.Eg2.howshegotwoundedatworkshouldbeinvestigated.Eg3.whyhedidsuchastupidthingisnotknown.Eg4.whereweshouldstayisaproblem.Eg5.it’sstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.Eg6.whetherhewillattendthemettingisuncertain.=it’suncertainwhether/ifhewillattendthemeeting.注釋：（1）wh-疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的從句雖有疑問(wèn)色彩，但用的是陳述句的語(yǔ)序，不需倒裝。（2）例eg6中可看出whether和if的用法區(qū)別：if引導(dǎo)的從句不能位于句首，而whether引導(dǎo)的從句既可以位于句首也可位于主句后。3、名詞性關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)Eg1.whatyouneedismoreexerience.Eg2.whateveryousaiddoesn’tconcernus.Eg3.whomeveryouinvitewillbewelcome.Eg4.whereshespendshertimeisnoneofyourbusiness.Eg5.whoeverfailstoconformtotheprincipleswillmakeabigblunder.注釋：（1）引導(dǎo)詞what,where,wh-ever等關(guān)系代詞或副詞都含有關(guān)系代詞和它的先行詞在內(nèi)，如；what=thethingwhich,where=theplacewhere,whatever=anythingthat,whoever=anyonethat.等等，因此名詞性關(guān)系從句可可作先行詞語(yǔ)其后的定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)合。（2）疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的從句與句詞性關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別在于：前者帶有疑問(wèn)色彩，而后者不帶有疑問(wèn)色彩，試比較：Youcanaskwhathehasinhismind.Givemewhatyouhaveinyourhand.Whichhelikeswillbegiventohim.Eg2.noonecandenythefactthathehasmadesuchprogress.Eg3.theorderhascomethattheworkbedoneatonce.注釋；注意eg3中為保持句子平衡同位語(yǔ)從句后置情況。2、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別Eg1.thenewsthathehassucceededinspiredthemall.()Eg2.what’tthenewsthatupsethersomuch?()Eg3.theproposalthatweshouldimportmoreequipmentfromabroadistobediscussedatthemeeting.()Eg4.theproposalthatheputforwardistobedisscussedatthemeeting.()注釋：定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別從三個(gè)方面來(lái)看：（1）定語(yǔ)從句中that代替先行詞，這在從句中作某個(gè)成份，而在同位語(yǔ)從句中，t