M2U1語法-時(shí)態(tài)解讀

1.PresentPerfectTense2.PresentPerfectContinuousTenseM2U1Grammar&usageⅠ、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法Ⅱ、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的構(gòu)成2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的用法Ⅲ、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主動(dòng)式:have/hasdone被動(dòng)式:have/hasbeendone1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)We___________________(alreadyopen)thewindow.

過去的動(dòng)作:weopenedthewindow.

對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響:Thewindowisopen.havealreadyopened2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法Theboysaretired.They________________(justplay)aballgame.過去的動(dòng)作

:Theboysplayedaballgame.對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響:

Theboysaretired.havejustplayedHehasjustbeentothezooWhenIwaswaitinginlineatthebank,Inoticedawomanholdingasmallchildatoneofthewindows.Theboywaseatingaroll(面包卷)，whichhethrustattheteller.(喂給柜員).Thetellersmiledandshookhishand.“No,no,dear,”saidtheboy’smother,andThen,turningtotheteller,“Ibegyourpardon,youngman.Pleasefogivemyson.Hehasjustbeentothezoo.”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作，或某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞just,already,yet等狀語連用。小結(jié)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1已完成、影響性用法already:用于確定句;yet:用于否認(rèn)和疑問句Daniel__________(live)inBeijingsincehecametoChina.haslived

pastfuturenowcamelivehaslived現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)開頭，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時(shí)刻連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在〔包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)〕的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：①for和since，②sofar,uptonow,until/till…thisweek(month,year)③during/over/inthepastfewyears(weeks,months…)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法2未完成用法小結(jié)：Fillintheblanks:①.a.ShehaslearntEnglish

3years.b.ShehaslearntEnglish

3yearsago.c.Theyhavelivedhere_____1990.forsincesince②

I

(see)hersofar.③What_________________(happen)totheUSAinthepast35years?haven’tseenhashappenedSince的補(bǔ)充用法A.主句+since+從句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.B.Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+since+從句Itis/hasbeentwoyearssinceIleftmyhometown.b.ItisyearssinceIsmoked.c.ItisyearssinceIbegantosmoke.IwenttoEgyptin1986.IwenttoEgyptin2023.I__________(be)toEgypttwice.havebeen現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示過去發(fā)生過一次或?qū)掖蔚臓顩r，也可以說是一種經(jīng)受。多與never,ever,once,twice,threetimes,before等連用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法3閱歷性用法I〔neversee〕anythingsobeautifulinmylife.haveneverseen小結(jié)：√()1.Hehascomehere.()2.Hehascomeherefor3days.()3.Hehasn’tcomeherefor3days.()4.Hehasstayedherefor3days.()5.Hehasbeenawayfor3days.√現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)學(xué)問擴(kuò)展一

√√TranslatethesesentencesintoEnglish.湯姆回來了。

湯姆回來一個(gè)多星期了。Tomhascomeback.Tomhasbeenbackforoveraweek.與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有關(guān)的句型:1)This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)time+that-clauseThisisthefirsttimethatI_______(see)pandas2)This(That/It)istheonlytime…+that-clauseItistheonlytimethatI_________(travel)abroad.3)This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that-clause.ItisthemostdeliciousfoodthatI_________(taste)haveseenhavetraveledhavetasted現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)學(xué)問擴(kuò)展二Lookatthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused.看以下句子，說說他們的區(qū)分

1WehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegantostudyitfiveyearsago.2Theymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen.一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分Isawthisfilmyesterday.〔強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間〕Ihaveseenthisfilm.〔強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，即電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了〕1.‘youmypen?’‘Yes,Iitonyourdeskjustnow.’(see)2.‘youdinner?’‘Yes,IitwithMary.’(have)HaveseensawHavehadhadWhenIwasatcollegeI___threeforeignlanguages,butI___allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten“但都忘了”是現(xiàn)在的狀況，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純表達(dá)過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。.Translation.1.你今日下午什么時(shí)候離開學(xué)校的？2.你離開學(xué)校多久了？Whendidyouleaveschoolthisafternoon?Howlonghaveyoubeenawayfromschool?3.他在1998年買了這輛自行車。4.他自從來到我們學(xué)校就買了這輛自行車。Heboughtthebikein1998.Hehashadthebikesincehecametoourschool.5.電影是半小時(shí)之前開頭的。

6.電影已放映半小時(shí)了。Thefilmbeganhalfanhourago.Thefilmhasbeenonforhalfanhour.

(2)saw(3)hasvisited(4)loves(5)hasn’tvisited(6)hasseen(7)hasnevermet(8)hastravelled(9)hasfound(10)hasn’tfound(11)Has,beenpage8PresentPerfectContinuousTenseUnit1Grammar&usage

Theboystartedhavingdinnerfiveminutesago.Heisstillhavingdinnernow.Theboy________________(have)dinnersincefiveminutesago.hasbeenhaving1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)Themanstartedworkinginthefieldhalfanhourago.Heisstillworkingnow.Theman_________________(work)inthefieldforhalfanhour.hasbeenworking現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的構(gòu)成：have/hasbeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)用法1現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能持續(xù)下去.CCTVhasbeenbroadcastingEnglishprogramssince1984.

broadcasted

1984futurenowbroadcastbroadcast小結(jié)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)用法2:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到說話時(shí)剛完畢。Mavisstartedwaiting.Kellyarrives.Kelly:SorryI’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?Mavis:Yes.I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.

anhouragofuturenowwait小結(jié)：Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.Iamtired.I___thelivingroomallday.paintedhadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepaintedDidyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?No,butwe_____________(try)togetintouchwiththemeversince.havebeentrying3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的比較最大區(qū)分在于：完成進(jìn)展時(shí)重在“進(jìn)展”，即未完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)的過程，即動(dòng)作本身；完成時(shí)重在“完成”，即已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果或成就，而不是動(dòng)作。1.I_________yourgrammarbook.AndIhavequestionstoaskyou.(Ifinishedreadingthebook.)I________________(read)yourgrammarbook.AfterIfinishit,I’lldiscusssomeproblemswithyou.(Iamstillreadingthebook.)

haveread

hasbeenreading區(qū)分一：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)有時(shí)有連續(xù)性，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往沒有。如：

Theyhavebeenwideningtheroad.〔a〕Theyhavewidenedtheroad．〔b〕〔a〕句的意思是他們?cè)诩訉挻舐?，但尚未完〔b〕句的意思則是已完工了。MymotherhasbeenteachingEnglishfortwentyyears.〔a〕MymotherhastaughtEnglishfortwentyyears.〔b〕

(a〕句表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在仍在連續(xù)．并將連續(xù)下去〔b〕句的