華東師范大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院244二外英語(yǔ)歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2003年華東師范大學(xué)244二外英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2004年華東師范大學(xué)244二外英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2005年華東師范大學(xué)244二外英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2006年華東師范大學(xué)244二外英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2007年華東師范大學(xué)244二外英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2008年華東師范大學(xué)244二外英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2009年華東師范大學(xué)244二外英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2010年華東師范大學(xué)244二外英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2011年華東師范大學(xué)244二外英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2012年華東師范大學(xué)244二外英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2003年華東師范大學(xué)244二外英語(yǔ)

考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.Vocabulary(10%)

Directions:ChoosethebestONEanswertofillintheblankwithor

replacetheunderlinedpartineachofthesentences.

1.Muchtoourdelight,fruitsaresoabundantthatthepricesofthemno

longer_____greatly.

A.modify

B.fluctuate

C.convert

D.flourish

【答案】B

【解析】句意：令我們高興的是，水果是如此的豐富，其價(jià)格不會(huì)

再大幅度地波動(dòng)。fluctuate波動(dòng)。modify修改。convert改變。flourish繁

榮。

2.Ourcompany_____afterlongnegotiationstobuildadouble-purpose

bridgeacrosstheriver.

A.contacted

B.consulted

C.contracted

D.constructed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的談判，我們公司承包建一座雙用橋。

contract承包；訂約。contact聯(lián)系。consult請(qǐng)教；商議。construct建造。

3.WhenIreturnedverylateatmidnight,Ifoundtheliftinourbuilding

outof_____again.

A.order

B.function

C.work

D.practice

【答案】A

【解析】句意：當(dāng)我深夜回來(lái)的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們樓里的電梯又出

了故障。outoforder出故障，為固定搭配。

4.Theoldmanhasaseriousheartattackandisdying,_____.

A.withoutbreath

B.underbreath

C.shortofbreath

D.belowbreath

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這位老人心臟病發(fā)作，奄奄一息，呼吸困難。short

ofbreath呼吸困難；呼吸急促。

5.Tomwasgreatlydisturbedbythebadnews,sothesentenceshewas

readingmadeno_____tohimthoughhewastryinghardtocompose

himself.

A.feeling

B.sense

C.message

D.meaning

【答案】B

【解析】句意：湯姆被聽(tīng)到的壞消息打斷了思路，所以他正在讀的

句子對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有任何意義，盡管他努力地使自己鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)。makeno

sense毫無(wú)意義，為固定搭配。

6.Youcanbe_____thatyoursonwillattainhisgoalthroughhishard

working.

A.ensured

B.assured

C.insured

D.confirmed

【答案】B

【解析】句意：你放心，你的兒子一定會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)，達(dá)成目標(biāo)。be

assuredthat...放心，為固定搭配。ensure確保。insure確保；給……保

險(xiǎn)。confirm證實(shí)。

7.Therewasathicksnowinthestreet,butwhenthesuncameout,the

snowbeganto_____.

A.dissolve

B.melt

C.vanish

D.disappear

【答案】B

【解析】句意：街上雪很厚，但太陽(yáng)出來(lái)時(shí)，雪就開(kāi)始融化了。

melt融化。dissolve溶解。vanish消失。disappear消失。

8.Marytriedinvainto_____herbossintolettingherhaveaholiday.

A.tempt

B.convince

C.impose

D.reason

【答案】D

【解析】句意：瑪麗努力勸說(shuō)老板讓她去度假，沒(méi)有成功。reason

sb.intodoingsth.說(shuō)服某人做某事。tempt誘惑。convince使信服。impose

把……強(qiáng)加于。

9.It’simpossibleforthetwocompaniestoco-operatewitheachother

becausethereisabasic_____ofinterestbetweenthem.

A.conflict

B.contradiction

C.contest

D.competition

【答案】A

【解析】句意：這兩家公司不可能相互合作，因?yàn)樗麄冎g有根本

的利益沖突。conflictofinterest利益沖突，為固定搭配。

10.Thecommitteelearnedalessonfromthedisturbancethat_____

decisionsoftenledtobitterregrets.

A.instant

B.urgent

C.hasty

D.prompt

【答案】C

【解析】句意：委員會(huì)從這次混亂中吸取到了教訓(xùn)：草率的決定會(huì)

導(dǎo)致痛苦的懊悔。hastydecision草率的決定，為固定搭配。hasty草率

的。instant立即的。urgent緊急的。prompt迅速的。

11.Oneoftheconsequencesofadvancedcognitiveabilityhasbeenthe

emergenceofculturallife.

A.pertinent

B.perceptive

C.compiling

D.commendable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：高級(jí)認(rèn)知能力的一個(gè)后果就是文化生活的產(chǎn)生。

cognitive認(rèn)知的。perceptive感知的。pertinent相關(guān)的。compiling編譯。

commendable值得贊美的。

12.Inthatperiod,thesuperiorityofvirginityandsexualabstinenceover

marriagewasgenerallytakenforgranted.

A.restriction

B.desire

C.temptation

D.prohibition

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在那個(gè)時(shí)期，貞潔和節(jié)制性欲的優(yōu)越性通常被認(rèn)為

是理所當(dāng)然的。abstinence節(jié)制。restriction限制；約束。desire欲望。

temptation引誘。prohibition禁止。

13.Thegiftedboyhaswonthebigprize,ashehasagreatfacultyfor

playingthepiano.

A.teachingstaff

B.naturalability

C.unsatisfiableambition

D.proficientskill

【答案】B

【解析】句意：這個(gè)有天賦的小男孩贏得了大獎(jiǎng)，因?yàn)樗袕椾撉?/p>

的才能。faculty強(qiáng)調(diào)人天生就有的才能。naturalability天生的能力。

teachingstaff教職人員。unsatisfiableambition不可滿(mǎn)足的野心。proficient

skill熟練的技能。

14.Whenthebombexplodedinthesquare,crowdsofpeoplefledfrom

thereandseveralwomenandchildrenweretrampledtodeath.

A.squeezed

B.crashed

C.stamped

D.squashed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：當(dāng)炸彈在廣場(chǎng)爆炸時(shí)，人們從那里逃了出來(lái)，有幾

個(gè)婦女和兒童被踩踏致死。trample踩；踐踏。stamp用腳踩踏。squeeze

擠；壓榨。crash撞碎；墜毀。squash壓碎；擠壓。

15.I’mquitehesitantaboutwhethertoacceptthejob.Isupposemy

decisionwilltoalargedegreedependonthesentimentIhaveformyfamily

here.

A.feeling

B.conception

C.idea

D.fascination

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我很猶豫是否要接受這份工作，我想我的決定很大

程度上取決于我對(duì)我家人的感情。sentiment感情；情緒。feeling感覺(jué)；

感情。conception設(shè)想；概念。idea想法。fascination魅力。

16.Chinawilllaunchamannedsatellitewithinthreeorfouryearsto

makeaprobeofthemoon.

A.invasion

B.examination

C.explanation

D.exploration

【答案】D

【解析】句意：中國(guó)將在三、四年內(nèi)發(fā)射一顆載人衛(wèi)星，對(duì)月球進(jìn)

行探測(cè)。probe探測(cè)。exploration探測(cè)。invasion入侵。explanation解釋。

17.IfyourIDcardexpired,you’llhavetogetanewone.

A.isoverdue

B.comestoanend

C.isvalid

D.getslost

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果你的身份證過(guò)期了，你就必須去辦一張新的。

expire期滿(mǎn)；終止。beoverdue過(guò)期的。cometoanend結(jié)束。bevalid有效

的。getlost丟失。

18.Mostofusdon’tthinkthattheelderlypresidentwillbeinaugurated

forhisthirdterm.

A.putintooffice

B.reelected

C.terminated

D.usheredin

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為這個(gè)年邁的總統(tǒng)不會(huì)迎來(lái)他的第

三個(gè)任期。inaugurate使正式就任。getreelected獲得連任。terminate終

止。usherin開(kāi)辟。

19.Dirtaccumulatesveryfastifonedoesn’tcleanthehouseeveryday.

A.evaporates

B.absorbs

C.heapsup

D.concentrates

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果每天不打掃房子，那么很快就會(huì)積塵。

accumulate積累。heapup堆積。evaporate蒸發(fā)。absorb吸收。concentrate

集中。

20.Inthestudyof3,250depressedpatients,only2.4percent

experiencedsideeffects.Thoseincluderestlessness,gastrointestinal

irritationsandmildallergicreactions.

A.sentimental

B.sensational

C.sensitive

D.sentiment

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在對(duì)3250名抑郁癥患者的調(diào)查中，只有2.4%的患者

有過(guò)副作用，包括坐立不安、腸胃不適以及輕微的過(guò)敏反應(yīng)。allergic

對(duì)……過(guò)敏的。sensitive易受傷害的；易受影響的。sentimental多愁善感

的。sensational轟動(dòng)的；聳人聽(tīng)聞的。sentiment感情。

Ⅱ.Structure(10%)

Directions:Choosethebestoneanswertoeachofthesentences.

21.Theschoolauthorities_____,therewouldbeanopenairpartywith

livemusicsoon.

A.permit

B.permits

C.permitted

D.permitting

【答案】D

【解析】句意：學(xué)校當(dāng)局允許的話(huà)，那么很快就會(huì)舉辦一次有現(xiàn)場(chǎng)

音樂(lè)的露天派對(duì)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作條件狀語(yǔ)，且表主動(dòng)，故選D。

22.Thepopulationofmanywesterncitieshas_____doubledinthepast

tenyears.

A.largerthan

B.morethan

C.asgreatas

D.asmuchas

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在過(guò)去的十年里，西方人口增長(zhǎng)了一倍多。more

than表示“多于；超出”，在這里做副詞，修飾double。

23.Ababymightshowfearofanunfamiliaradult,_____heislikelyto

smileandreachouttoanotherinfant.

A.if

B.whereas

C.sowhat

D.whenever

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一個(gè)嬰兒可能會(huì)表現(xiàn)出對(duì)一個(gè)不熟悉的成年人的恐

懼，然而他會(huì)微笑并與另一個(gè)嬰兒接觸。whereas然而，表轉(zhuǎn)折。

24.Mr.Smithisquitecertainthat_____todothisinperson,hewould

finditdifficulttoexpresshimselfwithoutlosinghispatience.

A.werehetotry

B.wouldhetry

C.washetrying

D.ifhetries

【答案】A

【解析】句意：史密斯先生十分確定，如果他努力親自去做這件

事，他會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很難在不失去耐心的情況下表達(dá)自己。此句為虛擬語(yǔ)

氣，省略if，將were提前，表示和現(xiàn)在相反的事實(shí)。

25._____sherealizeditwasnecessaryforhertoreturnhome.

A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

B.Hardlyitgrewdarkwhen

C.Itwasnotuntildarkthat

D.Itwasuntildarkthat

【答案】C

【解析】句意：一直到天黑，她才意識(shí)到她該回家了。Itwas...that...

為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，與notuntil的搭配一般為：Itwas/is+notuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部

分+that從句，意為“直到……才……”。

26.Wecouldseethevalley_____inthesunshine.

A.lyingpeaceful

B.layingpeaceful

C.lyingpeacefully

D.layingpeacefully

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我們可以看到山谷靜靜地躺在陽(yáng)光下。seesb./sth.

doingsth.看見(jiàn)某人某物正在做某事。lie的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)為lying。

27.Mr.Blackisn’tascapableapersonasisexpected,so_____willhe

beabletoregaincontroloftheboard.

A.withhardwork

B.muchhardwork

C.onlyifheworkshard

D.ifonlyheworkshard

【答案】C

【解析】句意：布萊克先生的能力不如預(yù)期，所以只有努力工作，

他才能重新獲得董事會(huì)的控制權(quán)。onlyif只有，表?xiàng)l件關(guān)系，放在句

首，從句用倒裝。

28.Whatheusuallydoesandsays_____witheachother.

A.don’tagree

B.doesn’tagree

C.didn’tagree

D.isn’tagreeing

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他通常做的和說(shuō)的不一致。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，但

表示“做的”和“說(shuō)的”兩個(gè)方面，為復(fù)數(shù)意義，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

29.Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects_____inboththe

UnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1990.

A.havebeenconducting

B.wereconducting

C.hadbeenconducted

D.wasconducted

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在1990年之前，美國(guó)和歐洲都進(jìn)行了關(guān)于移動(dòng)物體

攝影的實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)該是被做，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且事情發(fā)生在1990年之

前，是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

30.Theyleftthemeetingroom,_____thattherewouldbenogood

result.

A.convincing

B.convinced

C.believed

D.believedin

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他們離開(kāi)會(huì)議室，確信不會(huì)有好的結(jié)果發(fā)生。

convince使確信，因此當(dāng)人做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)convinced，做伴隨

狀語(yǔ)。

31.It’sabitexpensive,butyouget_____.

A.yourmoneyworth

B.yourworthmoney

C.yourmoney’sworth

D.yourworthofmoney

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這個(gè)是貴了點(diǎn)，但你這錢(qián)花的值。getyourmoney’s

worth錢(qián)花得值，為固定搭配。

32.Isthis_____voicethatwehear?

A.aboyoragirl’s

B.aboy’soragirl’s

C.aboy’soragirl

D.ofaboyoragirl

【答案】A

【解析】句意：這是我們聽(tīng)到的男孩或者女孩的聲音嗎？在符合名

詞或短語(yǔ)中，所有格加在最后一個(gè)名詞詞尾。

33.Thegirltoldme_____wouldcometotheparty,butonlyafew

showedup.

A.manyJanefriends

B.manyJane’sfriend

C.manyofJane’sfriends

D.manyfriendsofJane

【答案】C

【句意】句意：那個(gè)女孩告訴我，簡(jiǎn)的許多朋友都會(huì)來(lái)派對(duì)，但只

來(lái)了幾個(gè)。此處為雙重所有格，of+名詞’s所有格，為固定搭配。

34.TheVanguardisa_____,isn’tit?

A.Sundaypaper

B.Sunday’spaper

C.paperofSunday

D.paperSunday

【答案】A

【解析】句意：《先鋒》是周日刊，不是嗎？Sundaypaper周日刊，

為固定搭配。

35.Itsuddenlydawned_____methatIhadbeenmadefunof.

A.upon

B.to

C.for

D.at

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我突然意識(shí)到我被取笑了。Itdawnsuponsb.that...某

人開(kāi)始明白，為固定搭配。

36.Therewassilenceforafewmoments,thenLiHua,mycolleague,

cameout_____amostvaluableproposal.

A.for

B.with

C.of

D.on

【答案】B

【解析】句意：沉默了一會(huì)，然后我的同事李華提出了一條最有價(jià)

值的建議。comeoutwith表示“說(shuō)出；提出”，為固定搭配。

37.AsIamheradviser,IthinkI_____tellherthenews.

A.need

B.will

C.may

D.oughtto

【答案】D

【解析】句意：因?yàn)槲沂撬念檰?wèn)，我想我應(yīng)該告訴她這個(gè)消息。

oughtto意為“應(yīng)該”，一般出于法令規(guī)則、行為準(zhǔn)則和道德責(zé)任等客觀情

況。

38.They_____,buttheyfailedintheend.

A.hopedtosucceed

B.hopedtohavesuccess

C.hopedtobesucceeded

D.hopedtohavesucceeded

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他們希望能成功，但最終還是失敗了。hopedtohave

done=hadhopedtodosth.表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，為固定用法。

39._____thepitontheroad,thebuswashalted.

A.Havingspotted

B.Thedriverspotting

C.Afterspotting

D.Thedriverspotted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：司機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)了路上的一個(gè)坑，停下了公共汽車(chē)。此處

為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)槭撬緳C(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)情況，是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選B。

40.Sincethereissomethingwrongwithhislungs,hedecidestolimit

himself_____5cigarsaday.

A.tosmoke

B.onsmoke

C.tosmoking

D.onsmoking

【答案】C

【解析】句意：因?yàn)樗姆纬隽藛?wèn)題，所以他決定限制自己每天只

抽5根雪茄。limitoneselftodoingsth.表示“限制自己在做某事的范圍

內(nèi)”，為固定搭配。

Ⅲ.Cloze(10%)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblank

thereareFOURchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDontherightsideofthepaper.

YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthe

center.

Adictionarysaysthatagreenhouseisa“temperateconservatoryfor

growingplants”andthataconservatoryisa“glasshouse”.Agreenhouseisa

buildingmadealmostentirelyofglass.Which(41)_____heatandisusedfor

growingplants.Theleavesoftheplantsgivethebuildingagenerally(42)

_____appearanceinside,andthis,presumably,givesrisetoitsname.Ican

onlyassumethatwedonotcallita“glasshouse”thesedaysasthisisthe(43)

_____giventoanarmyprison.Thename“conservatory”isnowgiventoa

glassbuilding(44)_____totheoutsidewallofahouse,andforgrowing

indoorplantsorasawarm,relaxing(45)_____roomtothehome.Itiswarm

becauseglassallowstheraysofthesuntopassthrough,but(46)_____the

heattryingtoescape.

Perhapsyouhavenoticedhowhotitbecomesina(47)_____carona

sunnyday,evenwhenthetemperatureoutsideislow.Thesun’srayspass

throughthewindscreenandare(48)_____bytheseatsofthecar.Theserays

warmtheseats,which(49)_____radiatetheheatbackintothecar.Theheat

reachesthewindscreenandthewindows(50)_____cannotescapethrough

theglass.Thustheinsideofthe(51)_____warmsup.Thisisthewaythat

greenhousesheatup.

Theshort-waveradiationofthesunpassesthroughthe(52)_____walls

androofofthegreenhouseand(53)_____thefloor,shelves,plantpotsand

(54)_____elseinside.Thesewarmedobjectspassback(55)_____long-

waveradiationtheheattheyhavegained,andasthistriesto(56)_____most

ofitisblockedbytheglass.Sotheheatinside(57)_____.Atnight,withno

extrasunentering,theheat(58)_____escapes,throughtheglass,orthrough

thevarious(59)_____aroundthedoorandwindows,orbybeingabsorbed

intothe(60)_____ofthebuilding.

41.A.conserves

B.confuses

C.controls

D.converts

42.A.glorious

B.gloomy

C.green

D.golden

43.A.order

B.title

C.right

D.name

44.A.attached

B.responded

C.devoted

D.contributed

45.A.inner

B.extra

C.mutual

D.magic

46.A.violates

B.blocks

C.upsets

D.reflects

47.A.parking

B.parked

C.coating

D.coated

48.A.absorbed

B.attracted

C.abandoned

D.aroused

49.A.aboveall

B.ofcourse

C.inturn

D.atonce

50.A.but

B.even

C.and

D.so

51.A.greenhouse

B.vehicle

C.glasshouse

D.conservatory

52.A.rubber

B.fabric

C.glass

D.metal

53.A.heat

B.heated

C.heating

D.heats

54.A.somewhere

B.something

C.everywhere

D.everything

55.A.as

B.like

C.for

D.such

56.A.evolve

B.emerge

C.escape

D.exhaust

57.A.shutsoff

B.buildsup

C.goesout

D.moveson

58.A.finally

B.eventually

C.particularly

D.invisibly

59.A.mats

B.sprays

C.gaps

D.spots

60.A.foundation

B.property

C.establishment

D.operation

【答案與解析】

41.A溫室由玻璃制成的主要目的是儲(chǔ)存熱量，用于植物生長(zhǎng)。

42.C“greenhouse”名字的由來(lái)，就是因?yàn)橹参锏娜~子使溫室里呈現(xiàn)

一片綠色。

43.D溫室不再被成為“玻璃房”的原因是：軍隊(duì)中的監(jiān)獄被稱(chēng)為玻

璃房，即這是監(jiān)獄的名字。

44.A溫室是指一種貼著房子外部的由玻璃制成的建筑。attachto

貼；連接；依附。

45.B溫室還可以作為一個(gè)溫暖的、令人放松的額外空間。

46.B溫室玻璃會(huì)阻擋住想要跑出去的熱量。

47.B這里指停著的車(chē)在太陽(yáng)下內(nèi)部溫度會(huì)很高，這樣才能夠長(zhǎng)時(shí)

間的吸收太陽(yáng)光，使溫度升高。

48.A車(chē)的座位會(huì)吸收太陽(yáng)光的射線，使溫度升高。

49.Cinturn反過(guò)來(lái)。指車(chē)座吸收的熱量會(huì)反過(guò)來(lái)釋放到車(chē)內(nèi)部。

50.A熱量會(huì)觸及車(chē)窗及擋風(fēng)玻璃，但是不能擴(kuò)散出去。

51.B這里指車(chē)內(nèi)部變得溫暖起來(lái)。vehicle車(chē)輛；交通工具。

52.C溫室的原理和車(chē)內(nèi)部溫度升高一樣，太陽(yáng)射線穿過(guò)玻璃墻和

溫室頂部。

53.D穿進(jìn)去的太陽(yáng)射線使地面、架子和花盆等變熱。heat和前面

的passes為并列關(guān)系，故時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該一致。

54.D穿進(jìn)去的太陽(yáng)射線也使其他別的東西溫度升高。

55.A這些溫度升高了的物體會(huì)以長(zhǎng)波輻射的形式釋放出它們獲得

的熱量。as作為……。

56.C這些釋放出的熱量會(huì)想要擴(kuò)散出去，但是會(huì)受到玻璃墻的阻

擋。escape逃跑。

57.B這些擴(kuò)散不出去的熱量就開(kāi)始積聚起來(lái)，使溫度升高。build

up增進(jìn)；加強(qiáng)。

58.D到了晚上，這些熱量會(huì)悄悄地跑出去，而這是不可見(jiàn)的。

invisibly看不見(jiàn)地；看不出地。

59.C到了晚上，這些熱量會(huì)從門(mén)窗的縫隙擴(kuò)散出去。

60.C這些熱量除了擴(kuò)散出去，還會(huì)被建筑當(dāng)中的各種設(shè)施吸收。

establishment設(shè)施；建立的東西。

Ⅳ.Readingcomprehension(30%)

Directions:Thereare6readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis

followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthere

arefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice

andmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingleline

throughthecentre.

PassageOne

Amongthemostspectacularvisionsintheskyistheglowingtrailofa

balloffrozengasescommonlyknownascomet.Cometsarecomprisedof

water,ammonia,methane,andcarbondioxideandareheldtogetherbysmall

fragmentsofrockandmetallicmaterials.Theyarecreatedinouterspace,

beyondthereachesofoursolarsystem.Theyareseenfairlyinfrequentlybut

arenonethelessplentiful-inwhattimeperiod.

Cometsappearsmallbutareinfactenormous.Somearelargerthanthe

sun,butmostareapproximatelythesizeofJupiter.Manycometsfollow

elongatedorbitsandarevisibleonlywhentheyarewithinSaturn’sorbit.As

cometstravelthroughthesolarsystemtowardthesun,solarenergyvaporizes

theirgases,producingablazinghead,calledthecoma.Somecometsalso

developatail,whichcanextendmillionsofmiles.Despitetheirlargescale,

cometsarebelievedtoweighrelativelylittleprobablylessthanone-billionth

theearth’smass.

Earlyastronomersfoundthatascometsorbitedthesun,atailwas

createdassolarenergyforcedthecoma’sparticlesout.Today’sscientists

haveconfirmedthesebeliefs,andhavefurtheridentifiedtwosolarforcesat

workinthecreationofacometstail,radiationpressureisresponsiblefor

pushingthedustparticlesawayfromthecoma,andsolarwindmovesthe

coma’sionizedgases.

Asthecomettravelsawayfromthesun,thetailbeginstodisappeardue

tocondensationofthegases.Oncethesegasesarcseparatedfromthecornet,

theyarelostforever.Asaresult,mostcometssurviveonly100timesclose

orbitsofthesun.Whenallthecomet’sgaseshavebeenreleased,allthatis

leftofthecometisabundleofstoneandmetalparticles,whichcontinuesto

orbitwithoutacomaortail.

PerhapsthemostfamouscometisHalley’scomet,whichappearsonce

every76years.TheChinesehaverecordedallofHalley’sappearancessince

240B.C.thecomets1910sightingwasremarkableforitsclearvisibility;it

couldbeseenindaylight,andwasobservedtohavedevelopedatailnearly

onemillionmileslong.The1986appearanceofHalleyscometwas

disappointingbecauseitwasextremelydifficulttoseefromtheNorthern

hemisphere.However,Halley’snextsightingisexpectedtobespectacularin

theyear2062.

61.Theauthorwillprobablyagreetowhichofthefollowing

statements?

A.Cometsarenotoftenseenbecausethereareonlyafewinthespace.

B.Thecomponentsofacometcomefromtheparticlesofthesolar

system.

C.NotallofthecometscanbeobservednearSaturn’sorbit.

D.Mostofthecometsareseenonceevery76years.

62.Thecomet’scomaisdevelopedwhen_____.

A.thecometisbetweenJupiterandSaturn

B.thecomet’sorbittravelsthroughthesolarsystem

C.thecomet’sgasesaresteamedintovapor

D.thecometisintheSaturn’sorbit

63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthecreationofthetailof

thecomet?

A.Thetailiscreatedoutofthecoma’sparticles.

B.Oneconditionofthecreationofthetailisthecometorbitsthesun.

C.Thecometmusttraveltowardsthesun.

D.Thefunctioningsolarforceincreatingthetailisgravitation.

64.Whenthecomethasfinisheditstravelthroughthesolarsystem,

_____.

A.itwillnevercomebackagain

B.itwillnotbecalledacomet

C.itscomaandtailwillbelost

D.allthatisleftwillbecomeameteor

65.Itcanbesuggestedthat_____.

A.theappearanceofHalley’scometcanonlybeobservedinoneplace

B.peoplemustobservecometsonlyatnight

C.observingHalley’scomethadlonginterestedtheChinese

astronomers

D.theappearanceofacometisalwayssatisfactory

【答案與解析】

61.C文章第二段第三句提到“Manycometsfollowelongatedorbits

andarevisibleonlywhentheyarewithinSaturn’sorbit.”可知，許多彗星只

有在土星軌道內(nèi)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，才會(huì)被看到，但并不是指所有的彗星都能被看

到，而且在土星軌道附近并沒(méi)有明確表示在軌道內(nèi)，因此可能不會(huì)被看

到。

62.B文章第二段提到“Ascometstravelthroughthesolarsystem

towardthesun,solarenergyvaporizestheirgases,producingablazinghead,

calledthecoma.”可知，只有當(dāng)彗星在太陽(yáng)系內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，才會(huì)產(chǎn)生彗發(fā)。

63.D文章第三段提到“Today’sscientistshaveconfirmedthese

beliefs,andhavefurtheridentifiedtwosolarforcesatworkinthecreationof

acometstail,radiationpressureisresponsibleforpushingthedustparticles

awayfromthecoma,andsolarwindmovesthecoma’sionizedgases.”可

知，太陽(yáng)能的力量主要是兩個(gè)：一個(gè)是輻射壓力，一個(gè)是太陽(yáng)風(fēng)，并不

是萬(wàn)有引力。

64.C文章第四段提到“Asthecomettravelsawayfromthesun,the

tailbeginstodisappearduetocondensationofthegases.”可知，當(dāng)彗星開(kāi)始

遠(yuǎn)離太陽(yáng)時(shí)，彗星尾會(huì)開(kāi)始消失。

65.C文章最后一段提到“TheChinesehaverecordedallofHalley’s

appearancessince240B.C.”可知，中國(guó)天文學(xué)家對(duì)于觀察彗星一直以來(lái)

都有極大的興趣。

PassageTwo

Whatdocats’eyesandhighwayreflectorsignshaveincommon?They

bothactsasretro-reflectors.

Almosteveryonehasnoticedtheeerie,frighteningappearanceof

animalsatnight,astheireyesseemtoglowinreflectedlight.Onemay

speculatethatjustasreflectivehighwaysignsalertthemotoristtomanyroad

hazards,soearlymanwasoftenwarnedofdangerbylightfromhiscampfire

reflectedintheeyesoflurkingpredators.Inbothcases,thelightisretro-

reflected,givingitaparticularlybrightappearance.

Theprinciplesofretro-reflectionhavebeenunderstoodforcenturies.

However,ithasonlybeenwithinthelastsixtyorseventyyears,withthe

widespreaduseoftheautomobile,thatthisareaofopticshasreceived

importantcommercialapplication.Today,therearemanyusesforretro-

reflectivematerials.Theyarepurchasedinverylargequantitiesby

governmentagenciesforuseonhighways.Theyareappliedtobicyclesand

motorvehiclestomakethemmorevisibleatnight.Andtheyassistpilotsby

improvingthevisibilityofrunwaymarkers.

Someusersforretro-reflectivematerialsarenotrelatedtosafety.For

example,thesematerialsplayakeyroleinhelpingrailroadslocateandmake

maximumuseoftheirrollingstock.Color-codedretro-reflectivenumerals,

strips,ordotsappliedtothesideofrailwayscarsidentifythecarsbytheir

individualinventorynumbersandbytheparticulartypeofcar.Optical

scanners“read”andrecordthisinformationasthetrainpassesby,thus

makingitpossibleforrailroadmanagementtolocateanindividualcarorto

determinethedistributionofboxcarsthroughouttherailnet-work.

Largesumsarespentonretro-reflectivematerials,butpurchasershave

oftenhadtroubledecidingwhichspecificmaterialswillgivetheoptimal

performance.Performanceisofconcernnotonlyfromthestandpointofthe

brightnessofreflectedlight,butalsofromthestandpointofitscolor.Itis

important,forexample,thattheyellowhuesusedinwarningsignalsbeof

consistentcolorqualityonallroadsignssothedrivercanrelyoncolor,as

wellasshape,todiscernthesign’smeanings.

Sevencolors—silver,blue,yellow,red,green,brown,andorange—are

currentlyusedformarkingtheinterstatehighwaysystem.Since1971,the

NationalBureauofStandardshasbeenworkingtodevelopinstrumentaltest

methodsthatcouldbeusedtoevaluatetheperformanceofretro-reflective

materialsandaidinthepreparationofspecificationsfortheirpurchase.

66.Thisarticleismainlyabout_____.

A.technologyinphotoelectriccells

B.retro-reflectionandtropisminanimalsandinsects

C.naturalandman-maderetro-reflection

D.howtomanufactureretro-reflectivematerials

67.WhichcanNOTbeprovedbytheauthoraccordingtothe

descriptionoftheretro-reflection?

A.Retro-reflectivematerialsareusedmainlytoavoidtrafficaccidents.

B.Retro-reflectivematerialsareabundantlyusedintrafficand

transportation.

C.Theimportantvalueofretro-reflectionowestotheinventionof

motorvehicles.

D.Themoreadvancedscienceandtechnologyis,themorecanbe

learnedfromnature.

68.Thearticlesuggeststhat_____.

A.thegovernmentagenciesaredevelopinginexpensiveretro-reflectors

B.thegovernmentmanufacturesretro-reflectivedevices

C.thegovernmentbuysretro-reflectivematerialsinlargenumbers

D.thegovernmentagenciesexportlargequantitiesofretro-reflective

materials

69.Wecanconcludefromthisarticlethat_____.

A.retro-reflectivematerialscanbepurchasedatmosthardwarestores

B.retro-reflectivematerialsgiveofflightinthedark

C.retro-reflectivematerialswillbeusedupsoon

D.theuseofretro-reflectivematerialsisbecomingwiderandwider

70.Accordingtothepassage,adifficulttaskfacingtheNationalBureau

ofStandardsprobablyis_____.

A.howtoexaminethepropertiesoftheretro-reflectivematerials

B.howtobudgetforthepurchaseofthefollowingyear

C.howtointegratethewarningsignalsintooneconsistentcolor

D.howtodifferentiatethesignals’meanings

【答案與解析】

66.C文章主要講的是利用貓和其他一些動(dòng)物的眼睛能反射光而發(fā)

明了一種應(yīng)用于交通中的后反射材料。

67.D文章主要講的是后反射材料如今被廣泛應(yīng)用于交通當(dāng)中，并

不能推斷出科技越發(fā)達(dá)，從自然當(dāng)中學(xué)到的越多。

68.C文章第三段提到“Theyarepurchasedinverylargequantitiesby

governmentagenciesforuseonhighways.”可知，政府大量購(gòu)買(mǎi)了這種后

反射材料。

69.D文章第三段提到“However,ithasonlybeenwithinthelastsixty

orseventyyears,withthewidespreaduseoftheautomobile,thatthisareaof

opticshasreceivedimportantcommercialapplication.Today,therearemany

usesforretro-reflectivematerials.”可知，由于車(chē)輛的增多，這種后反射材

料應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣。

70.A文章第五段提到“Largesumsarespentonretro-reflective

materials,butpurchasershaveoftenhadtroubledecidingwhichspecific

materialswillgivetheoptimalperformance.Performanceisofconcernnot

onlyfromthestandpointofthebrightnessofreflectedlight,butalsofromthe

standpointofitscolor.”可知，美國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局面臨的難題是如何檢驗(yàn)這

種材料的性能，從而達(dá)到最佳效果。

PassageThree

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandfor

luxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.

McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessin

marketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationof

provincialtheater,musicalfestivals,andchildren’stoysandbooks.Whilethe

factofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestions

remain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatwere

theeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughit

hasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproduced

whatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,

onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswill

provideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhow

largethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscalethe

consumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislast

question,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoring

laboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,has

probablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsof

capitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeoplein

eighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brew