科技英語與英語科技論文寫作二

研究生科技英語課程——

科技英語寫作

邵宗平南京工業(yè)大學化學化工學院材料化學工程國家重點實驗室1.科技論文的標題

Howtopreparethetitle?

2Firstimpressionsarestrongimpressions;atitleoughtthereforetobewellstudied,andtogive,sofarasitslimitspermit,adefiniteandconciseindicationofwhatistocome.—T.CliffordAllbutt先入為主。因此，論文的標題應最大限度地對文章內(nèi)容給出明確而簡潔的指示?？萍颊撐牡臉祟}3ImportanceoftheTitlePerhapsfewpeople,ifany,willreadtheentirepaper,butmanypeoplewillreadthetitle,eitherintheoriginaljournalorinoneofthesecondary(abstractingandindexing)publications.Theindexingandabstractingservicesdependheavilyontheaccuracyofthetitle.Animproperlytitledpapermaybevirtuallylostandneverreachitsintendedaudience.科技論文的標題4科技論文的標題5LengthoftheTitlelongtitlesareoftenlessmeaningfulthanshortones.ExampleMostexcessivelylongtitlescontain"waste"words.Often,thesewastewordsappearrightatthestartofthetitle,wordssuchas"Astudyof","Studieson,""Investigationson,''and"Observationson."科技論文的標題67AnopeningA,An,

orTheisalsoa"waste"word.

Example1標題可改為："SelectivityindirectsynthesisofH2O2fromH2andO2:roleofcatalystonreactionkinetics"Example2標題可改為："NovelpreparationofthindensePdmembraneonmacroporousstainlesssteeltubularfilter"Example3標題可改為："Dehydrogenationofethanolinapalladiummembranereactor"科技論文的標題8科技論文的標題9NeedforspecifictitlesExample:PropertiesofZSM-5molecularsieveCatalyticpropertiesofZSM-5molecularsieveCatalyticpropertiesofZSM-5molecularsieveoncrackingofcumeneDeactivationofZSM-5molecularsieveoncatalyticcrackingofcumeneBadtitle:AstudyofthedeactivationoftheZSM-5molecularsieveonthecatalyticcrackingofthecumene科技論文的標題10Exercise:pH值對沉淀法制備的碳酸鈣比表面的影響EffectofpHonspecificsurfaceareaofcalciumcarbonatepreparedbyprecipitation以多孔陶瓷為載體的鈀—銀合金膜的制備和表征PreparationandcharacterizationofPd-Agalloymembranessupportedonporousceramics汽油成分的氣相色譜分析Gas-chromatographyanalysisongasolinecomponents科技論文的標題11TitleshouldnotbeasentenceExample:“Oct-3isamaternalfactorrequiredforthefirstmouseembryonicdivision”O(jiān)CT-3是首次鼠胚胎分裂的母體因素(Cell64:1103,1991).Theverb("is")isawasteword,inthatitcanbereadilydeletedwithoutaffectingcomprehension.Inclusionofthe"is"resultsinatitlethatnowseemstobealoudassertion.

But,ithappens……科技論文的標題1213Runningtitles——頁頭標題Asanaidtoreaders,"runningtitles"or"runningheads"areprintedatthetopofeachpage.Often,thetitleofthejournalorbookisgivenatthetopofleft-facingpagesandthearticleorchaptertitleisgivenatthetopofright-facingpages.Usually,ashortversionofthetitleisneededbecauseofspacelimitations.

一般，頁頭標題由期刊自定?？萍颊撐牡臉祟}14Abbreviationsintitle

Titlesshouldnotcontainabbreviations,proprietary專有的names,jargon,andthelike.Example:Thehydrogen-fueledinternalcombustionengine:atechnicalreview不能寫成:“H2ICE：atechnicalreview”.But,thiskindofproblemoftenhappens……科技論文的標題1516Howaboutchemicalformula?簡單的化學式最好用英文表示，而稍復雜的化學式最好不譯。如palladium,sodium,PdCl2,Na2MoO4,H3[PW12O40].nH2O,Y-Ba-Cu-B-O等等?；瘜W式往往更精確。如“ironoxide”是FeO，F(xiàn)e2O3還是Fe3O4?“nitrogenoxide”是N2O,NO,N2O3,N2O4,NO2,N2O5中的哪一個？Example科技論文的標題1718科技論文的署名

Howtolisttheauthors?

19科技論文的署名Thelistingofauthorsshouldincludethose,andonlythose,whoactivelycontributedtotheoveralldesignandexecution完成oftheexperiments.但是，存在剝削現(xiàn)象。。。。Theauthorsshouldnormallybelistedinorderofimportancetotheexperiments.Thefirstauthorisoftentheseniorauthor,incasethattwoauthorscontributesequally,afootnotemaybeaddressed.鼓勵學生做第一作者，關(guān)鍵是要名實相符。。。Veryoften,thelastauthoristhegroupleader.20CorrespondingauthorUsuallythesupervisororlableader.If,beforepublication,theauthorhasmovedtoadifferentaddress,thenewaddressshouldbeindicatedina"PresentAddress"footnote.

尊師。對學生來講，通常在準備稿件時應該將作者欄空白，由導師在定稿時將作者加上，以顯示對導師的尊重。愛生。反過來，導師也應該根據(jù)貢獻的大小決定文章的署名，如學生是主要作者，應讓學生作第一作者?？萍颊撐牡氖鹈?1科技論文的摘要

Howtopreparetheabstract?

22科技論文的摘要AnAbstractshouldbeviewedasamini-versionofthepaper.TheAbstractshouldprovideabriefsummaryofeachofthemainsectionsofthepaper:Introduction,Experimental,ResultsandDiscussion.TheAbstractisoftentypedasasingleparagraph,butthereareexceptions:Example1;Example2.

TheAbstractshould：(1)statetheprincipalobjectivesandscopeoftheinvestigation,(2)describethemethodsemployed,(3)summarizetheresults,and(4)statetheprincipalconclusions.23科技論文的摘要TheactivitiesdescribedinAbstractshouldbewritteninthepasttense.Butdescriptionofthefactsshouldbewritteninpresenttense.TheAbstractshouldnevergiveanyinformationorconclusionthatisnotstatedinthepaper.ReferencestotheliteraturemustnotbecitedintheAbstract(exceptinrareinstances,suchasmodificationofapreviouslypublishedmethod).

Abstractcontainingreference:Example1;Example2.24科技論文的摘要UnlessalongtermisusedseveraltimeswithinanAbstract,donotabbreviatetheterm.

Writethepaperbeforeyouwritetheabstract,ifatallpossible."Chemicalformulasandabbreviationsofwell-knowncharacterizationtechniquescanbewritteninabstract.TheAbstractisalmostuniversallythefirstpartofthemanuscriptreadduringthereviewprocess.Therefore,itmustbewrittenclearlyandsimply.

25科技論文的摘要Usually,agoodAbstractisfollowedbyagoodpaper;apoorAbstractisaharbinger預兆ofwoestocome.WhenwritingtheAbstract,examineeverywordcarefully.

Theuseofabstruse難懂的,verbose羅嗦的constructionsisverylikelytoprovokeacheckinthe"reject"boxonthereviewform.

ManyexperiencedwriterspreparetheirtitleandAbstractafterthepaperiswritten.26Howtolistthekeywords?Initiallettercapitalized;Spacingoutwithsemicolon.Numberofkeywords.科技論文的摘要27科技論文的前言

HowtowritetheIntroduction?

28科技論文的前言Aim:tosupplysufficientbackgroundinformationtoallowthereadertounderstandandevaluatetheresultsofthepresentstudywithoutneedingtorefertopreviouspublicationsonthetopic.

TheIntroductionshouldalsoprovidetherationale基本原理forthepresentstudy.youshouldstatebrieflyandclearlyyourpurposeinwritingthepaper.

Choosereferencescarefullytoprovidethemostimportantbackgroundinformation.29科技論文的前言/content/2006-2-15/123881.htmlIntroduction是外刊文章最為難寫的部分之一（另外一個是Discussion）。中文文章的缺陷就在于Introduction沒有內(nèi)涵，過于簡單。外刊論文對于Introduction的要求是非常高的，可以毫不夸張的說，一個好的Introduction就相當于文章成功了一半。所以大家應該在Introduction上集中足夠的精力。要寫好一個Introduction，最重要的是要保持鮮明的層次感和極強的邏輯性，這兩點是結(jié)合在一起的，即在符合邏輯性的基礎(chǔ)上建立層層遞進的關(guān)系。30科技論文的前言首先闡述自