機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語

機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語MechanicalEngineeringEnglish

Lesson2Manufacturing

機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語Introduction

ConversationsReadingExercisesMethodTeachingDiscussionSelf-studyingQuestionBackgroundSituationManufacturing

Initsearliestform,manufacturingwasusuallycarriedoutbyasingleskilledartisanwithassistants.Trainingwasbyapprenticeship.Inmuchofthepre-industrialworldtheguildsystemprotectedtheprivilegesandtradesecretsofurbanartisans.BeforetheIndustrialRevolution,mostmanufacturingoccurredinruralareas,wherehousehold-basedmanufacturingservedasasupplementalsubsistencestrategytoagriculture(andcontinuestodosoinplaces).Entrepreneursorganizedanumberofmanufacturinghouseholdsintoasingleenterprisethroughtheputting-outsystem.

Tollmanufacturingisanarrangementwherebyafirstfirmwithspecializedequipmentprocessesrawmaterialsorsemi-finishedgoodsforasecondfirm.Background

Modernmanufacturingincludesallintermediateprocessesrequiredfortheproductionandintegrationofaproduct'scomponents.Someindustries,suchassemiconductorandsteelmanufacturersusethetermfabricationinstead.Background

Accordingtosomeeconomists,manufacturingisawealth-producingsectorofaneconomy,whereasaservicesectortendstobewealth-consuming.EmergingtechnologieshaveprovidedsomenewgrowthinadvancedmanufacturingemploymentopportunitiesintheManufacturingBeltintheUnitedStates.Manufacturingprovidesimportantmaterialsupportfornationalinfrastructureandfornationaldefense.Dialogue1

Mr.King:Doyouhaveanyhobbiesotherthanstudy?Lily:Oh,Ilikeplayingrugby.Wehaveagreatmen’srugbyteamwhichwonthechionshipinthe6thNationalCollegeStudents’SportsGame.Mr.King:Doyouhaveaplanforyourownfuture?Lily:Ireallycannotdescribemyownfuturebecausetherearealotofuncertaintiesinthewayofmygrowingup.WhatIshoulddoistomakegooduseofthepresentandmakeeverydaycount.Mr.King:CanyousaysomethingaboutsomeofthefamouslandscapesinShenyang?譯文

Lily:Shenyangisthecenterconcernedwitheconomy,culture,transportation,commerceandtradeofNortheastArea.ItistheimportantplaceofheavymachineinChinaandreputedcityofhistoryandculture.Shenyangisthefirstcitytobetheexcellentoneamongsomanyexcellenttradingcities.Nowtherearethousandsofculturalrelicsundergroundandabovetheground.Therearemanynaturallandscapesandman-madelandscapes.ThewholeworldisfocusingontheEXPOinShenyang.NorthMausoleum，itusedtobethemausoleumofHuangTaiji,EastMausoleum,theotherMausoleumforNu'erHachiandShenYang'sImperialPalacehavebeendeclaredasaworldculturalheritage.Mr.King:Howisthefoodservedinyourcollegedinningrooms？Lily:TheyofferusawidechoiceoffoodstylesfromSichuanFoodtoGuangdongFood.Drinksandsnacksarealsoservedthere.DialogueTwo

Mr.King:Whatdoyouthinkoftheinternet?Lily:Theinternetbringsustheageofinformation.Internetisalteringthestyleofourlife.Onlineeducation,onlinecommunicationandonlinebusinessareavailableonthenet.Butitisalsocausingsomenegativeeffectswhileweareenjoyingtheconveniences.Mr.King:Howistheclimatehere?Lily:Shenyanghasdistinctfourseasons,concentratedrainfallsandsufficientsunshine.Mr.King:Canyousaysomethingaboutyourclassmatesorfriends?Lily:Zhangxueisahard-workingstudent.Sheisoneofthetopstudentsinourclass.She’stheteacher’sfavorite.Weareclosefriends.Noexamhaseverbotheredher.Newwords&expressionsrugby['r?gbi]

n.橄欖球relics['relik]n.遺物，遺跡，遺產(chǎn)，遺體commerce['k?m?(:)s]

n.商業(yè),貿(mào)易mausoleum[.m?:s?'li?m]

n.陵墓heritage['heritid?]

n.遺產(chǎn),繼承物reputed[ri'pju:tid]

a.名譽(yù)好的,被稱為...的,有...名氣的alter['?:lt?]

v.改變distinct[dis'ti?kt]

a.(from)獨(dú)特的,不同的,明顯的,清楚的produce[pr?'dju:s]

n.產(chǎn)品,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品;v.產(chǎn)生,生產(chǎn),提出distribute[dis'tribju(:)t]

v.分配,散布capital['k?pit?l]

n.首都,首府,大寫字母,資產(chǎn);a.首都的,重要的organize['?:g?naiz]

vi.組織起來;vt.組織route[ru:t]

n.航線,路線;vt.按路線發(fā)送schedule['sked?jul]n.時(shí)間表,一覽表,計(jì)劃;v.安排,計(jì)劃,預(yù)定,編制目錄dispatch[dis'p?t?]

v.派遣;[計(jì)算機(jī)]分派layout['lei.aut]

n.布局,安排,設(shè)計(jì)defective[di'fektiv]

a.有缺陷的,欠缺;n.有缺陷的人TextModernManufacturingEngineering

WhatIsManufacturing

Maybeyou’veneverthoughtaboutitbefore,butitisallaroundyou.Itaffectseverypartofyourlife.Whatisit?Inthiscase,“it”ismanufacturing.Actually“manufacturing”isnotallaroundyou.Butmanufacturedproductsare.Lookaroundyourightnow.Namesomethingsyouseethatweremanufactured.Chairs,notebooks,bluejeans,books,floortile,chalkboards,lightbulbs,pencils,eyeglasses—nearlyeverythingaroundyouwasmanufactured.譯文Themanufacturingindustryisimportanttooursociety.It’sessentialtooureconomy.Aneconomyisasystemforproducinganddistributingproductsandservices.Manypeopleworkinmanufacturing.Theyhelpproduceproducts.Andtheybuyproductswiththemoneytheyearn.Themoreproductspeoplebuy,themoreproductsaremanufactured.Andthisallowsmorepeopletowork.Manufacturingisalsoimportanttotheeconomyinanotherway.Apieceofmaterialisworthmoreafterit’sbeenchangedintoausefulproduct.That’saddedvalue.Valueisincreasedbythemanufacturingprocess.譯文ModernManufacturingAmanufacturingindustryneedsthreebasictypesofresources:Materialresources,Humanresources,Capitalresources.

Theelementsofindustryaresevenkeystepsfororganizingproduction:ResearchandDevelopment,ProductionTooling,ProductionPlanningandControl,QualityControl,PersonnelManagement,Manufacturing;Marketing.

R&Distheplanningofnewproducts,processes,ormaterialsandtheimprovementofoldskill.R&Dissuchalarge,importantpartoftheindustrialworldandrequiresmanypeoplewithdifferenttalents.

譯文ProductionToolingistheelementofindustryconcernedwiththesetools.ThePTobtainsthetools,machines,andequipmentneededtomakeaproduct.ThemostimportantpartsofProductionPlanningandControlarerouting,scheduling,dispatching,andplanlayout.Themachineryandequipmentmustbearrangedsothatproductioncantakeplacesmoothly,withoutwastedtimeandeffort.

譯文QualityControlcanbedefinedasthoseactivitieswhichpreventdefectivearticles.Inthiswaymanagementtriestoinsurethataproductwillbeacceptabletothebuyer.

Marketingistheprocessofgettingproductsfrom、thosewhomakethemtothosewhousethemandithelpstodelivertherightkindsofgoodstous,intherightformandamount,atthetimeandprice.

譯文ExercisesIAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.WhatdoesR&Dstandfor?

Itstandsforresearchanddevelopment

2.Whattypesofresourcesdoesamanufacturingindustryneed?3.WhatarethemostimportantpartsofProductionPlanningandControl?Amanufacturingindustryneedsthreebasictypesofresources:Materialresources,Humanresources,Capitalresources.ThemostimportantpartsofProductionPlanningandControlarerouting,scheduling,dispatching,andplanlayout.4.Whatisthedefinitionof“marketing”?5.Isabookprintedinabookshoporinaprintinghouse?Marketingistheprocessofgettingproductsfromthosewhomakethemtothosewhousethemandithelpstodelivertherightkindsofgoodstous,intherightformandamount,atthetimeandprice.Inaprintinghouse.

IIAfterreadingthetext,pleasedecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.

1.Everythingaroundusismanufacturedproducts.

2.Nomatterhowsmallorsimpleathingmaybe,itcanbeamanufacturedproduct.3.Themanufacturingindustryisapartofoureconomy,withoutwhichourlifewouldbeveryhard.(F)(T)(T)4.Byeconomyweactuallymeanthesystemforproducinganddistributingproductsandservicesconcerned.5.QualityControlcanbedefinedasthoseactivitieswhichpreventdefectivearticles.(T)(T)IIIReadthetwopassagesandthentrytoputthemintoChinese.Passage1

Nomarketsanywhere(forprofitableproducts,atleast)aredomesticanymore,andnoproducerneedbeadomesticproduceronly.Theadditionofhighcapacityinformationandcommunicationsystemstoexistingglobaltransportationsystemsopenseverymarkettoanyproducerforwhomtheeconomicsisattractive.Furthermore,itisincreasinglyeasytointegratedesign,production,marketing,anddistributionresourcesdistributedaroundtheworldintoacoherent“virtual”productionfacility

譯文Asaresult,everycompanyhasthepotentialforlinkingsomeportionofitscapabilitieswithcomplementarycapabilitiesofothercompaniesregardlessoftheirlocation.Passage2

Thedevelopmentofnortheastindustrialbaseistheimportanttaskandstrategicpolicyproposedbycentralgovernment,andmeanwhileitisatremendouslysystematicproject.Asthecentralcityofnortheastdistrict,ShenyangcitycouncilandcitygovernmentbringsforwardaseriesofplansinthetopicofDevelopNortheast,StartwithShenyang.Thisarticlesystematicallyexplainstheoverallgoalsachievement,theconditionsandopportunitiestodeveloptheoldindustryinShenyang,aswellaselaborateshowtoimprovethecoreprofessionalabilityofcollegestudents,inordertoaccomplishthehistoricaltaskstoacceleratetheeconomicdevelopmentofShenyang.譯文IVFillintheblankswiththeproperwordsgivenbelow,changingtheformifnecessary.Aflexiblemanufacturingsystem(FMS)isamanufacturingsysteminwhichthereissomeamountof1thatallowsthesystemtoreactinthe2ofchanges,whetherpredictedor3.Thisflexibilityisgenerallyconsideredtofall4twocategories,whichbothcontainnumeroussubcategories.producecaseconsistunpredictedasflexibilitymanagefindintolike答案flexibility

case

unpredicted

into

Thefirstcategory,machineflexibility,coversthesystem'sabilitytobechangedto5newproducttypes,andabilitytochangetheorderofoperationsexecutedonapart.Thesecondcategoryiscalledroutingflexibility,which6oftheabilitytousemultiplemachinestoperformthesameoperationonapart,aswell7thesystem'sabilitytoabsorblarge-scalechanges,suchasinvolume,capacity,orcapability.ThemainadvantagesofanFMSisitshighflexibilityin8manufacturingresources9timeandeffortinordertomanufactureanewproduct.ThebestapplicationofanFMS10intheproductionofsmallsetsofproductslikethosefromamassproduction.答案produce

consists

asmanaging

like

isfound

Theend

Thankyou!Translation對(duì)話1問：除了學(xué)習(xí)，你有什么其他愛好嗎？答：我喜歡打橄欖球，我們學(xué)校有著一支非常棒的男子橄欖球隊(duì)，他們贏得了第六屆大學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的冠軍。問：你未來有什么打算呢？答：因?yàn)樵诔砷L(zhǎng)過程中有許多不確定性，所以我無法具體描述我未來的情況，但是我應(yīng)該把握現(xiàn)在，做好手中的每一件事情。問：能向我介紹下沈陽的名勝嗎？BackTranslation答：沈陽是東北地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、交通和商貿(mào)中心，中國的工業(yè)重鎮(zhèn)和歷史文化名城。沈陽是首批中國優(yōu)秀旅游城市,現(xiàn)有地上、地下文物古跡數(shù)千余處,有眾多自然景觀和人文景觀，全球關(guān)注2006沈陽世界園藝博覽會(huì)。沈陽的“一宮兩陵”已經(jīng)申報(bào)為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。問：你們學(xué)校的食堂怎樣呢？答：食堂每日供應(yīng)許多樣式的食品，從四川菜到廣東菜不等，還有飲料和零食。

BackTranslation對(duì)話2問：可以告訴我你關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的看法嗎？答：因特網(wǎng)帶領(lǐng)我們步入信息時(shí)代，而且正在改變著我們的生活方式。網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育、網(wǎng)絡(luò)聊天以及電子商務(wù)都可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行。當(dāng)然在我們享受網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來便捷的同時(shí)，它也帶來一些負(fù)面的東西。問：沈陽的氣候怎么樣？答：沈陽市四季分明、降水集中、日照充足。BackTranslation

問：能向我談?wù)勀愕耐瑢W(xué)或朋友嗎？

答：張雪是一個(gè)刻苦學(xué)習(xí)/聰明的學(xué)生。她是我們班學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生之一。她是老師的得意門生。我們是很好的朋友，什么考試對(duì)她來說都沒什么。BackTranslation什么是制造這個(gè)問題，你以前也許從未思考過，但是制造就在我們周圍，而且它影響著我們生活的方方面面。那么，到底什么是制造呢？在這里“它”說的是制造。說句實(shí)在話，在我們的周圍所看到的并非“制造”，而是制造出來的產(chǎn)品。請(qǐng)你現(xiàn)在就環(huán)顧一下你的周圍，說出你所看到的一些制品，如椅子、筆記本、藍(lán)色牛仔褲、黑板、書本、地板磚、燈泡、鉛筆、眼鏡—在我們的周圍，幾乎每一樣?xùn)|西都是制造出來的產(chǎn)品。BackTranslation制造業(yè)對(duì)于我們的社會(huì)非常重要，在經(jīng)濟(jì)中起著重要作用。經(jīng)濟(jì)是一個(gè)包括產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)，銷售和服務(wù)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)體系。許多人從事制造業(yè)的工作，他們生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，同時(shí)也用他們賺來的錢購買制造出來的產(chǎn)品。人們買的產(chǎn)品越多，制造的產(chǎn)品也就越多，從事制造業(yè)工作的人也就越多。制造對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)從另一方面講也非常重要。原材料一旦制造成有用的產(chǎn)品，它將值更多的錢，這就叫附加值。于是，制造過程就為產(chǎn)品增加了附加價(jià)值。Back現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)

制造工業(yè)需要三種基本類型的資源：物料資源，人力資源，和資本。

在組織工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中有七種主要步驟：研究與發(fā)展,生產(chǎn)工藝,生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃與控制，質(zhì)量控制，人事管理，制造技術(shù)和市場(chǎng)營銷。研究發(fā)展就是對(duì)新產(chǎn)品、新材料、新加工方法，以及舊技術(shù)提高進(jìn)行計(jì)劃和開發(fā)。研究發(fā)展是工業(yè)化世界中一個(gè)重要的、占比重很大的部門，并且需要許多不同潛質(zhì)的人共同協(xié)作。Back生產(chǎn)工藝是在工業(yè)中主要同生產(chǎn)工具有關(guān)的一環(huán)。生產(chǎn)工藝包括需要加工產(chǎn)品的工具、機(jī)械和設(shè)備。生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃和控制中最重要的部分是生產(chǎn)線安排、時(shí)序安排、生產(chǎn)分工和生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃規(guī)劃。機(jī)器設(shè)備必須安置妥當(dāng)，以致順利生產(chǎn)加工，而無浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和效率的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。Back質(zhì)量控制可以定義為避免缺陷和次品的行為。在質(zhì)量控制管理下可確保產(chǎn)品能被買方接受。