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考向33空間中的平行關(guān)系1.(2021·浙江高考真題)如圖已知正方體SKIPIF1<0,M,N分別是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),則()A.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0垂直,直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0B.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0平行,直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0C.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0相交,直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0D.直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0異面,直線SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】由正方體間的垂直、平行關(guān)系,可證SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,即可得出結(jié)論.【詳解】連SKIPIF1<0,在正方體SKIPIF1<0中,M是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn),又N是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0不垂直SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0不垂直SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0不垂直平面SKIPIF1<0,所以選項(xiàng)B,D不正確;在正方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,且直線SKIPIF1<0是異面直線,所以選項(xiàng)C錯誤,選項(xiàng)A正確.故選:A.【點(diǎn)睛】關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛:熟練掌握正方體中的垂直、平行關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵,如兩條棱平行或垂直,同一個面對角線互相垂直,正方體的對角線與面的對角線是相交但不垂直或異面垂直關(guān)系.2.(2017·全國高考真題(文))如圖,在下列四個正方體中,SKIPIF1<0為正方體的兩個頂點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0為所在棱的中點(diǎn),則在這四個正方體中,直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0不平行的是()A. B. C. D.【答案】A【分析】利用線面平行的判定,結(jié)合正方體的性質(zhì)判斷直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0是否平行.【詳解】A:由正方體的性質(zhì)知:SKIPIF1<0平行于SKIPIF1<0與底面中心的連線,而該線段與面SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn),故SKIPIF1<0與面SKIPIF1<0不平行;B:SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0;C:SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0;D:SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.1.判斷或證明線面平行的常用方法①利用線面平行的定義(無公共點(diǎn)).②利用線面平行的判定定理(a?α,b?α,a∥b?a∥α).③利用面面平行的性質(zhì)(α∥β,a?α?a∥β).④利用面面平行的性質(zhì)(α∥β,a?β,a∥α?a∥β).2.應(yīng)用線面平行的性質(zhì)定理的關(guān)鍵是確定交線的位置,有時需要經(jīng)過已知直線作輔助平面確定交線.3.證明面面平行的方法(1)面面平行的定義.(2)面面平行的判定定理.(3)垂直于同一條直線的兩個平面平行.(4)兩個平面同時平行于第三個平面,那么這兩個平面平行.(5)利用“線線平行”“線面平行”“面面平行”的相互轉(zhuǎn)化.1.線面平行的判定定理和性質(zhì)定理文字語言圖形語言符號語言判定定理如果平面外一條直線與此平面內(nèi)的一條直線平行,則該直線與此平面平行(簡記為“線線平行?線面平行”)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(l∥a,a?α,l?α))?l∥α性質(zhì)定理一條直線與一個平面平行,則過這條直線的任一平面與此平面的交線與該直線平行(簡記為“線面平行?線線平行”)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(l∥α,l?β,α∩β=b))?l∥b2.面面平行的判定定理和性質(zhì)定理文字語言圖形語言符號語言判定定理一個平面內(nèi)的兩條相交直線與另一個平面平行,則這兩個平面平行(簡記為“線面平行?面面平行”)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(a∥β,b∥β,a∩b=P,a?α,b?α))?α∥β性質(zhì)定理如果兩個平行平面同時和第三個平面相交,那么它們的交線平行eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(α∥β,α∩γ=a,β∩γ=b))?a∥b【知識拓展】平行關(guān)系中的三個重要結(jié)論(1)垂直于同一條直線的兩個平面平行,即若a⊥α,a⊥β,則α∥β.(2)平行于同一個平面的兩個平面平行,即若α∥β,β∥γ,則α∥γ.(3)若α∥β,a?α,則a∥β.1.(2021·全國高三(文))如圖在正方體SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在底面SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),且SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與底面SKIPIF1<0所成的角為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.(2022·全國高三專題練習(xí)(理))已知在三棱錐SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0為線段SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0(含邊界位置)內(nèi),則滿足SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0的點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡為()A.線段SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)連接而成的線段B.線段SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)與線段SKIPIF1<0靠近點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的三等分點(diǎn)連接而成的線段C.線段SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)與線段SKIPIF1<0靠近點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的三等分點(diǎn)連接而成的線段D.線段SKIPIF1<0靠近點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的三等分點(diǎn)與線段SKIPIF1<0靠近點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的三等分點(diǎn)連接而成的線段3.(2021·福建省南安第一中學(xué)高三)如圖,在長方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是棱SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在棱SKIPIF1<0上,且滿足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是側(cè)面四邊形SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)一動點(diǎn)(含邊界),若SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則線段SKIPIF1<0長度的取值范圍是_________.4.(2021·全國高三專題練習(xí)(文))如圖,在長方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),則下列四個結(jié)論中成立的是________.(寫出對應(yīng)的序號)①SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0;③SKIPIF1<0;④長方體SKIPIF1<0的外接球表面積為SKIPIF1<0.1.(2021·全國高三(文))如圖,在直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中,底面ABC為等邊三角形,O為AC1與A1C的交點(diǎn),D為AB的中點(diǎn),則下列結(jié)論:①DOSKIPIF1<0平面ABC1;②DOSKIPIF1<0平面A1BC1;③DC⊥平面ABB1A1;④DC⊥平面ABC1.其中所有正確結(jié)論的序號為()A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.②④2.(2021·四川仁壽一中高三(文))正方體SKIPIF1<0的棱長為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn).則下列說法錯誤的是()A.直線A1G與平面AEF平行B.直線DD1與直線AF垂直C.異面直線A1G與EF所成角的余弦值為SKIPIF1<0D.平面AEF截正方體所得的截面面積為SKIPIF1<03.(2021·全國高三專題練習(xí)(理))如圖,在直四棱柱SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別在棱SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0四點(diǎn)共面,則下列結(jié)論錯誤的是()A.任意點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0B.任意點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,四邊形SKIPIF1<0不可能為平行四邊形C.存在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0為等腰直角三角形D.存在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<04.(2021·全國高三專題練習(xí)(文))已知SKIPIF1<0是兩個不同的平面,m,n是平面SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0之外的兩條不同的直線,且SKIPIF1<0,則“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”的()A.充分不必要條件 B.必要不充分條件C.充要條件 D.既不充分也不必要條件5.(2021·全國高三專題練習(xí)(理))已知直線SKIPIF1<0和平面SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論一定成立的是()A.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0 B.若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0C.若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0 D.若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<06.(2022·全國)已知長方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在線段SKIPIF1<0上,SKIPIF1<0,平面SKIPIF1<0過線段SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)以及點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,若平面SKIPIF1<0截長方體所得截面為平行四邊形,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<07.(2021·江蘇高三開學(xué)考試)在棱長為2的正方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn).當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在平面SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)運(yùn)動時,有SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則線段SKIPIF1<0的最小值為()A.1 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<08.(2021·全國)在長方體SKIPIF1<0中,已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.若平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,且與四面體SKIPIF1<0的每個面都相交,則平面SKIPIF1<0截四面體SKIPIF1<0所得截面面積的最大值為___________.9.(2019·湖南高考模擬(文))如圖所示,正方體SKIPIF1<0的棱長為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)是正方形SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)的動點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)的軌跡長度為______.10.(2021·甘肅蘭州·高三(文))如圖,正方體SKIPIF1<0的棱長為SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在棱SKIPIF1<0上,SKIPIF1<0,過SKIPIF1<0的平面SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0平行,且與正方體各面相交得到截面多邊形,則該截面多邊形的周長為________.11.(2021·樂清市知臨中學(xué)高三月考)如圖,在三棱錐SKIPIF1<0中,底面SKIPIF1<0是邊長2的等邊三角形,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)F在線段BC上,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0為的SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn).(Ⅰ)求證:SKIPIF1<0//平面SKIPIF1<0;(Ⅱ)若二面角SKIPIF1<0的平面角的大小為SKIPIF1<0,求直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角的正弦值.12.(2022·全國高三專題練習(xí))如圖,在三棱柱SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,E,F(xiàn)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn).(Ⅰ)在四邊形SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)是否存在點(diǎn)G,使平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0?若存在,求出該點(diǎn)的位置;若不存在,請說明理由;(Ⅱ)設(shè)D是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),求SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角SKIPIF1<0的正弦值.1.(2018·浙江高考真題)已知直線SKIPIF1<0和平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”的()A.充分不必要條件 B.必要不充分條件C.充要條件 D.既不充分也不必要條件2.(2015·福建高考真題(理))若SKIPIF1<0是兩條不同的直線,SKIPIF1<0垂直于平面SKIPIF1<0,則“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”的A.充分而不必要條件 B.必要而不充分條件 C.充分必要條件 D.既不充分也不必要條件3.(2015·北京高考真題(理))設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是兩個不同的平面,SKIPIF1<0是直線且SKIPIF1<0.“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”的A.充分而不必要條件 B.必要而不充分條件C.充分必要條件 D.既不充分也不必要條件4.(2009·寧夏高考真題(理))如圖,正方體的棱線長為1,線段上有兩個動點(diǎn)E,F(xiàn),且,則下列結(jié)論中錯誤的是A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的體積為定值D.異面直線SKIPIF1<0所成的角為定值5.(2008·湖南高考真題(理))設(shè)有直線m、n和平面SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0.下列四個命題中,正確的是A.若m∥SKIPIF1<0,n∥SKIPIF1<0,則m∥nB.若mSKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,nSKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,m∥SKIPIF1<0,n∥SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0∥SKIPIF1<0C.若SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,mSKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則mSKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0D.若SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,mSKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,mSKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則m∥SKIPIF1<06.(2011·遼寧高考真題(理))如圖,四棱錐S-ABCD的底面為正方形,SD⊥底面ABCD,則下列結(jié)論中不正確的是()A.AC⊥SBB.AB∥平面SCDC.SA與平面SBD所成的角等于SC與平面SBD所成的角D.AB與SC所成的角等于DC與SA所成的角7.(2011·福建高考真題(文))如圖,在正方體ABCD-A1B1C1D1中,AB=2,點(diǎn)E為AD的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)F在CD上.若EF∥平面AB1C,則線段EF的長度等于________.8.(2013·江西高考真題(文))如圖,正方體的底面與正四面體的底面在同一平面α上,且AB//CD,則直線EF與正方體的六個面所在的平面相交的平面?zhèn)€數(shù)為______________9.(2009·江蘇高考真題)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0為不重合的兩個平面,給出下列命題:(1)若SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)的兩條相交直線分別平行于SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)的兩條直線,則SKIPIF1<0平行于SKIPIF1<0;(2)若SKIPIF1<0外一條直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)的一條直線平行,則SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0平行;(3)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0相交于直線SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有一條直線垂直于SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0垂直;(4)直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0垂直的充分必要條件是SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)的兩條直線垂直.上面命題中,真命題的序號(寫出所有真命題的序號)10.(2020·全國高考真題(理))如圖,已知三棱柱ABC-A1B1C1的底面是正三角形,側(cè)面BB1C1C是矩形,M,N分別為BC,B1C1的中點(diǎn),P為AM上一點(diǎn),過B1C1和P的平面交AB于E,交AC于F.(1)證明:AA1∥MN,且平面A1AMN⊥EB1C1F;(2)設(shè)O為△A1B1C1的中心,若AO∥平面EB1C1F,且AO=AB,求直線B1E與平面A1AMN所成角的正弦值.1.【答案】D【分析】取AD、CD的中點(diǎn)S、T,連接SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,再由已知得:點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,從而結(jié)合圖像即可求出SKIPIF1<0的最大值.【詳解】取AD、CD的中點(diǎn)S、T,連接SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,又因SKIPIF1<0所以平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,故點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上時,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)正方體的棱長為1,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0底面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0即為SKIPIF1<0與底面SKIPIF1<0所成的角為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)時,SKIPIF1<0取最大值,此時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.2.【答案】A【分析】利用面面平行得到線面平行,即可.【詳解】解:如圖所示,P、Q分別為線段SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,同理SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則會有SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,故點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡為線段SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)連接而成的線段,故選A.3.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】取SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0上取點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,使SKIPIF1<0,連結(jié)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,可得平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則可得SKIPIF1<0線段SKIPIF1<0,由此可知當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0重合時,線段SKIPIF1<0長度取最小值SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0與點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0或點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0重合時,線段SKIPIF1<0長度取最大值SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,然后根據(jù)題中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算即可【詳解】解:取SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0上取點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,使SKIPIF1<0,連結(jié)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,則平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0是側(cè)面四邊形SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)一動點(diǎn)(含邊界),SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0線段SKIPIF1<0,∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0重合時,線段SKIPIF1<0長度取最小值SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0與點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0或點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0重合時,線段SKIPIF1<0長度取最大值SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,∵在長方體SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是棱SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在棱SKIPIF1<0上,且滿足SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.∴線段SKIPIF1<0長度的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<04.【答案】①②④【分析】由長方體的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,可證得平面AB1D1//平面BC1D,即可判斷①;通過相關(guān)計(jì)算可判斷②③④,從而得解.【詳解】連接BD,BC1,B1D1,AB1,如圖:由長方體的結(jié)構(gòu)特征知,對角面BDD1B1是矩形,即BD//B1D1,B1D1SKIPIF1<0平面BC1D,BDSKIPIF1<0平面BC1D,于是B1D1//平面BC1D,同理AD1//平面BC1D,而B1D1SKIPIF1<0AD1=D1,B1D1SKIPIF1<0平面AB1D1,AD1SKIPIF1<0平面AB1D1,平面AB1D1//平面BC1D,而SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,故①正確;SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,由余弦定理得SKIPIF1<0,故②正確;SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故③錯誤;長方體SKIPIF1<0外接球半徑為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則該長方體的外接球的表面積為SKIPIF1<0,故④正確,綜上,正確結(jié)論的序號是①②④.故答案為:①②④【點(diǎn)睛】結(jié)論點(diǎn)睛:長方體的體對角線是該長方體外接球的直徑.1.【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0在平面SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)判斷①;根據(jù)線面平行的判定定理證明SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0平行,由此判斷②;根據(jù)線面垂直的判定定理證明SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0垂直,由此判斷③;通過假設(shè)結(jié)論成立的方法判斷④.【詳解】因?yàn)镺為AC1與A1C的交點(diǎn),且四邊形SKIPIF1<0為矩形,所以SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),又因?yàn)镈為AB的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0顯然不成立,故①錯誤;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,故②正確;又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為等邊三角形,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,故③正確;假設(shè)SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,又顯然SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,顯然不成立,所以假設(shè)不成立,故④錯誤;故選:C.2.【答案】B【分析】連接AD1,F(xiàn)D1,GF,BC1,證得EF//AD1,利用平面AEFD1逐一分析各選項(xiàng)即可判斷作答.【詳解】正方體SKIPIF1<0中,連接AD1,F(xiàn)D1,GF,BC1,如圖:因點(diǎn)E,F(xiàn)是BC,CC1中點(diǎn),則EF//BC1,而正方體SKIPIF1<0的對角面ABC1D1是矩形,則AD1//BC1//EF,連GF,因G是棱BB1中點(diǎn),則GF//B1C1//A1D1,且SKIPIF1<0,即四邊形A1GFD1是平行四邊形,A1G//D1F,SKIPIF1<0平面AEF,SKIPIF1<0平面AEF,于是A1G//平面AEF,A正確;因SKIPIF1<0平面ABCD,而SKIPIF1<0平面ABCD,即有SKIPIF1<0AE,若SKIPIF1<0AF,必有SKIPIF1<0平面AEFD1,SKIPIF1<0AD1,與SKIPIF1<0矛盾,B不正確;因EF//AD1,A1G//D1F,則異面直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成角是SKIPIF1<0或其補(bǔ)角,作SKIPIF1<0于M,顯然SKIPIF1<0,即四邊形AEFD1是等腰梯形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,C正確;SKIPIF1<0,平面SKIPIF1<0截正方體所得的截面是等腰梯形AEFD1,等腰梯形AEFD1的面積為SKIPIF1<0,D正確.故選:B3.【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)線線,面面的性質(zhì)判斷A,B是否正確;使用假設(shè)法判斷C,D是否正確.【詳解】解:對于A:由直四棱柱SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)槠矫鍿KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;對于B:若四邊形SKIPIF1<0為平行四邊形,則SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0不平行,即平面SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0不平行,所以平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0不平行,與SKIPIF1<0矛盾,所以四邊形SKIPIF1<0不可能是平行四邊形,故B正確;對于C:假設(shè)存在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0為等腰直角三角形,令SKIPIF1<0,過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,在線段SKIPIF1<0上取一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0使得SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,則四邊形SKIPIF1<0為矩形,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0顯然SKIPIF1<0,若由SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0四邊形SKIPIF1<0為平行四邊SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,無解,故C錯誤;對于D:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0時,滿足SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,故D正確.故選:C.4.【答案】A【分析】根據(jù)充分條件和必要條件的概念,結(jié)合點(diǎn)線面的位置關(guān)系,即可判斷.【詳解】充分性:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)閙是平面SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0之外的直線,所以SKIPIF1<0;必要性:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0相交或SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0平行,相交,異面,所以必要性不成立;所以“SKIPIF1<0”是“SKIPIF1<0”的充分不必要條件.故選:A.5.【答案】C【分析】利用特例排除法,容易否定ABD,利用線面、面面垂直、平行的的關(guān)系可以斷定C正確.【詳解】選項(xiàng)A中,也可能SKIPIF1<0;選項(xiàng)B中,SKIPIF1<0也有可能在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi);選項(xiàng)D中,m與SKIPIF1<0的關(guān)系不確定,故可排除A,B,D.由線面平行和垂直的判定與性質(zhì)可以看出C正確.故選C.6.【答案】D【分析】設(shè)線段SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)為M,平面SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)G,連接GE,由已知得四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,所以SKIPIF1<0,隨著點(diǎn)E從C向SKIPIF1<0移動,則點(diǎn)G沿著SKIPIF1<0向下運(yùn)動,當(dāng)點(diǎn)G仍在線段SKIPIF1<0上時,面SKIPIF1<0截長方體SKIPIF1<0所得截面始終是平行四邊形,臨界狀態(tài)為點(diǎn)E為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),由此可得選項(xiàng).【詳解】解:設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)線段SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)為M,平面SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)G,連接GE,若平面SKIPIF1<0截長方體SKIPIF1<0所得截面為平行四邊形,即四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,所以SKIPIF1<0,隨著點(diǎn)E從C向SKIPIF1<0移動,則點(diǎn)G沿著SKIPIF1<0向下運(yùn)動,當(dāng)點(diǎn)G仍在線段SKIPIF1<0上時,面SKIPIF1<0截長方體SKIPIF1<0所得截面始終是平行四邊形,則點(diǎn)G從SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)開始運(yùn)動,此時點(diǎn)E與SKIPIF1<0重合,直到點(diǎn)G運(yùn)動到點(diǎn)D為止,此時點(diǎn)E為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以臨界狀態(tài)為點(diǎn)E為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),此時SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:D.【點(diǎn)睛】方法點(diǎn)睛:對于立體幾何中的動點(diǎn)問題,常需動中覓靜,這里的"靜"是指問題中的不變量或者是不變關(guān)系,動中覓靜就是在運(yùn)動變化中探索問題中的不變性."靜"只是"動"的瞬間,是運(yùn)動的一種特殊形式,然而抓住"靜"的瞬間,使一般情形轉(zhuǎn)化為特殊情形,問題便迎刃而解.7.【答案】B【分析】CD中點(diǎn)P,SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)Q,連接PQ、PN、QN,根據(jù)面面平行的判定定理,可證平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,即M在平面SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),根據(jù)題意,可得點(diǎn)M在線段PQ上,在SKIPIF1<0中,分別求得各個邊長,根據(jù)余弦定理,求得SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)三角函數(shù)的定義,即可求得答案.【詳解】取CD中點(diǎn)P,SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)Q,連接PQ、PN、QN,如圖所示:因?yàn)镻、N分別為CD、BC中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,同理,P、Q分別為CD、SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面PQN,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,又點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在平面SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)運(yùn)動,所以點(diǎn)M在平面SKIPIF1<0和平面SKIPIF1<0的交線上,即SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以N點(diǎn)到PQ的最小距離SKIPIF1<0.所以線段SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:B【點(diǎn)睛】解題的關(guān)鍵是作出平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,在根據(jù)題意,確定點(diǎn)M的位置,再求解,考查面面平行的判定及性質(zhì)定理的應(yīng)用,解三角形等知識,屬中檔題.8.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】先判斷截面的特征→通過平行等比例構(gòu)造線段比→截面面積的表達(dá)式→轉(zhuǎn)化為二次函數(shù)的最值問題.【詳解】設(shè)平面SKIPIF1<0與長方體底面的距離為SKIPIF1<0,平面SKIPIF1<0與四面體SKIPIF1<0的截面為四邊形SKIPIF1<0,如圖.顯然四邊形SKIPIF1<0為平行四邊形,且平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0.設(shè)四邊形SKIPIF1<0在長方體的底面SKIPIF1<0的射影為四邊形SKIPIF1<0,則在SKIPIF1<0中,由SKIPIF1<0知SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故四邊形SKIPIF1<0的面積即為四邊形SKIPIF1<0的面積,而四邊形SKIPIF1<0的面積SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0取得最大值SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛:本題解題的關(guān)鍵是找四邊形SKIPIF1<0在長方體的底面SKIPIF1<0的射影為四邊形SKIPIF1<0,并利用面積分割進(jìn)行計(jì)算.9.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】取SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,可得四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,可得SKIPIF1<0,同理可得SKIPIF1<0,可得面面平行,進(jìn)而得出SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)軌跡為SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】如圖所示,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0.可得四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,∴SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0.同理可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,∴平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0.∵SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)是正方形SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)的動點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,∴點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在線段SKIPIF1<0上.∴SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)的軌跡長度為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.10.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】先利用平行關(guān)系得到截面與正方體的交點(diǎn)位于靠近SKIPIF1<0的三等分點(diǎn)處,從而得到截面圖像,再利用正方體的棱長求出截面多邊形的周長即可.【詳解】如圖:虛線即為截面圖形,SKIPIF1<0分別為各邊的三等分點(diǎn),且面SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)正方體的棱長為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,則截面SKIPIF1<0的周長為:SKIPIF1<0,則該截面多邊形的周長為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.11.【答案】(Ⅰ)證明見解析;(Ⅱ)SKIPIF1<0.【分析】(Ⅰ)取SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,即可證明SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,從而得到面SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,即可得證;(Ⅱ)連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為二面角SKIPIF1<0的平面角,如圖建立空間直角坐標(biāo)系,利用空間向量法求出線面角的正弦值;【詳解】解:(Ⅰ)取SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,所以面SKIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0面SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0;(Ⅱ)連接SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)榈酌鍿KIPIF1<0是邊長2的等邊三角形,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為二面角SKIPIF1<0的平面角,即SKIPIF1<0,如圖建立空間直角坐標(biāo)系,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)面SKIPIF1<0的法向量為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0故直線SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角的正弦值為SKIPIF1<0;12.【答案】(Ⅰ)四邊形SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)存在點(diǎn)G,即線段SKIPIF1<0上任意一點(diǎn),使平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0;(Ⅱ)SKIPIF1<0.【分析】(Ⅰ)取SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)M,N,可得SKIPIF1<0,從而可得SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,同理可證SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,由面面平行的判定定理可得平面SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,從而可得結(jié)論;(Ⅱ)取SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)O,建立空間直角坐標(biāo)系,利用向量法即可求得SKIPIF1<0與平面SKIPIF1<0所成角SKIPIF1<0的正弦值.【詳解】(Ⅰ)如圖所示,取SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)M,N,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镋,F(xiàn)分別為SKIPIF1<

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