高考英語三輪沖刺提分練 話題練 第17練 科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)試題

科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．TheInternethasenabledus(know)andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2．However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.3．Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring)aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4．Iwilltellyou(direct)thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.5．In18thcentury，the(invent)ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.6．Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient)tous.7．Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.8．WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(absolute)goodandrightforus.9．Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，(include)robots.10．Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use)robots.Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)11．Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation.13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothere’remanyaccidents.16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17．Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18．Thenewtechnology，ifapplyingtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19．Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife—thecomputernetwork.話題詞匯1．a(chǎn)dvantagen．優(yōu)勢2．a(chǎn)rtificialadj.人造的，人工的3．negativeeffect負(fù)面影響4．breakthroughn．突破5．surftheInternet上網(wǎng)6．explorev．探索7．conveniencen．方便8．withthedevelopmentof...隨著……的發(fā)展9．changeone’slife改變某人的生活10．drawbackn．缺點(diǎn)，不利條件能力提升Ⅲ.閱讀理解A(2018·遼寧葫蘆島一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedface-recognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntington’sdisease，affectthisability.“Sheeparelong-livedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(認(rèn)知的)abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.21．Accordingtothenewresearch，what’sunusualaboutsheep?A．Theyhavelargebrains.B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners.C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans.D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.22．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?A．Bygivingfoodrewards.B．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.C．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.D．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.23．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Sheephaveahigherface-recognitionabilitythanmonkeys.B．Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.C．Thesheep’sface-recognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.D．Thesheep’sface-recognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.24．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AWonderfulScientistB．TheLifeofSheepC．ANewDiscoveryAboutSheepD．HowSheepRecognizeEachOtherB(2018·四川內(nèi)江一模)Inrecentyears，carmanufacturers(制造商)havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石)fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.However，carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill，itusesallofitsresources(資源)，butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyproducelesspollution.Ofcourse，hybridcarsaren’tperfect;theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner，“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.25．Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors?A．Theymovedveryfast.B．Theywereunpopular.C．Theirengineswereoftenreplaced.D．Theirengineswereexpensive.26．Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?A．Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.B．Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills.C．Itdecideswheretopowerthecar.D．Itcontrolshowthecarusespower.27．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5?A．Car’ssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.B．Electricmotorandpetrolengine.C．Hybridcarandhydrogencar.D．Aluminumandcarbonfiber.28．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Cars’Engines B．CarPollutionC．GreenCars D．Cars’AdvantagesⅣ.完形填空IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI’d29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.I’maboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.WhatcanIsay？I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.32，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步機(jī))andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？”O(jiān)fcourse，I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela(n)39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.Unfortunatebut44，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48.29．A.cooked B．orderedC．designed D．introduced30．A.battle B．competitionC．performance D．practice31．A.burn B．containC．lose D．consume32．A.Surprisingly B．HappilyC．Unfortunately D．Hopefully33．A.comingoff B．passingawayC．takingoff D．turningaway34．A.equip B．connectC．present D．reward35．A.agree B．pretendC．imagine D．decide36．A.hurt B．countC．change D．solve37．A.always B．sometimesC．seldom D．never38．A.hardly B．instantlyC．regularly D．slightly39．A.urge B．a(chǎn)ttractionC．difference D．pain40．A.plan B．habitC．game D．hobby41．A.original B．commonC．inspiring D．tight42．A.awake B．calmC．healthy D．strong43．A.goal B．memoryC．reality D．trend44．A.unbelievable B．changeableC．understandable D．enjoyable45．A.Therefore B．HoweverC．Besides D．Otherwise46．A.lack B．saveC．show D．throw47．A.once B．beforeC．unless D．though48．A.choice B．faultC．cause D．excuse答案解析Ⅰ.1.toknow2.to3.hasbrought4.directly5.invention6．convenience7.with8.absolutely9.including10.usingⅡ.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(more))attractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingeq\f(equipments,equipment)andinformation.13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthateq\f(bother,bothers)usalot.14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，Ieq\f(full,fully)believethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeiteq\f(so,because)there’remanyaccidents.16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygiveto\usmuchhelp.17．Weliveinanageeq\f(which,when)moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18．Thenewtechnology，ifeq\f(applying,applied)toricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19．Hethoughtthatthekeytoeq\f(feed,feeding)peoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderneq\f(invention,inventions)inourlife—thecomputernetwork.Ⅲ.eq\x(語篇解讀本文介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究成果：綿羊能夠從照片中識別人臉。)21．D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs”可知，綿羊的不尋常之處在于它們能夠從照片中識別人臉，故選D。]22．A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段首句“Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.”可知，研究人員通過給綿羊食物獎勵來訓(xùn)練綿羊，故選A。]23．B[推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelp...Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”可以推斷出，該項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)有益于對認(rèn)知能力改變的研究，故選B。]24．C[標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知這篇文章主要講了一項(xiàng)新的研究表明綿羊能夠從照片中識別人臉，故選C。]eq\x(語篇解讀本文介紹了一種由電腦操控引擎、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的混合動力汽車。)25．B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.”可知，這種電動汽車的電池很快就耗盡了，而且充電需要花很長時間，所以不受歡迎賣得不好。故選B。]26．D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.”可知，混合動力車的電腦決定該車是使用汽油、電力還是兩者兼用。故選D。]27．A[代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段中的“theyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar”及“usingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight”可知，更小的發(fā)動機(jī)和特殊的建造材料使混合動力車省油，所以Bothofthem指的是這兩者，故選A。]28．C[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章介紹了一種由電腦操控引擎、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的混合動力汽車。C項(xiàng)(綠色環(huán)保車)概括了其主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)，適合作為本文標(biāo)題。]Ⅳ.語篇解讀作者想要減肥，但是他不斷地?cái)z入大量脂肪，又因?yàn)榉N種原因放棄了鍛煉，最終減肥失敗。29．B[cook烹飪；order點(diǎn)菜，命令；design設(shè)計(jì)；introduce介紹。由上文中的“Iwaseatinglunchinarestaurant”可知，此處指作者看著自己“點(diǎn)的食物”。]30．A[battle戰(zhàn)斗；competition競爭；performance表演；practice練習(xí)。下一句提到作者攝入大量脂肪，又喝蘇打水減肥，故可知作者非常矛盾，內(nèi)心做著激烈的“斗爭”。故A項(xiàng)正確。]31．D[burn燃燒；contain包含；lose失去；consume吃，喝，飲。作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪。故D項(xiàng)正確。]32．C[surprisingly令人驚訝地；happily高興地；unfortunately不幸地；hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要減肥，但是不幸的是作者還不斷地?cái)z入大量脂肪，所以此處意為“不幸的是”。故C項(xiàng)正確。]33．A[comeoff從……掉下；passaway去世；takeoff起飛；turnaway拒絕……進(jìn)入。作者不斷地?cái)z入大量脂肪，這是作者體重下降慢的原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。]34．D[equip裝備，使具有；connect連接；present頒發(fā)，呈現(xiàn)；reward獎賞。作者在跑步機(jī)上鍛煉半個小時后，用薯片來獎勵自己。故D項(xiàng)正確。]35．D[agree同意；pretend假裝；imagine想象；decide決定。由后面的“soIjusteatalotatthistime”可知，作者決定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在這次吃很多的薯片。故D項(xiàng)正確。]36．A[hurt危害，傷害；count數(shù)數(shù)；change改變；solve解