職稱英語學(xué)習(xí)資料

最新職稱英語學(xué)習(xí)資料(閱讀理解講義)1

PASSAGE1

TVShowsandLongBusTrips

Longbusridesareliketelevisionsshows.Theyhaveabeginning,amiddle,andan

end-withcommercialsthrownineverythreeorfourminutes.Thecommercialsare

unavoidable.Theyhappenwhetheryouwantthemornot.Everycoupleofminutesa

tailboardglidesbyoutsidethebuswindow.BuySuperCleanToothpaste.DrinkGoodn

WetRootBeer.FillupwithPacificGas.Onlyifyousleep,whichisequaltoturningthe

televisionsetoff,areyousparedtheunendingcryofYouNeedIt!BuyItNow!

Thebeginningoftherideiscomfortableandsomewhatexciting,evenifyouve

traveledthatwaybefore.Usuallysomethingshavechanged-newhouses,newbuildings,

sometimesevenanewroad.Thebusdriverhasastyleofdrivinganditsfuntotryto

figureitoutthefirsthourorso.Ifthedriverisparticularlyrecklessordaring,theridecan

beasthrillingasasuspensestory.Willthedriverpassthetruckintime?Willthedriver

moveintotherightortheleft-handlane?Afterawhile,ofcourse,theexcitementdies

down.Sleepingforawhilehelpspassthemiddlehoursoftheride.Foodalwaysmakes

busridesmoreinteresting.Butyouvegottobecarefulofwhatkindoffoodyoueat.Too

muchsaltyfoodcanmakeyouverythirstybetweenstops.

Theendoftherideissomewhatlikethebeginning.Youknowitwillsoonbeoverand

theresakindofexpectationandexcitementinthat.Theseatofcourse,hasbecome

harderasthehourshavepassed.Bynowyouvesatwithyourlegscrossed,withyour

handsinyourlap,withyourhandsonthearmrests—evenwithyourhandscrossed

behindyourhead.Theendcomesjustatnomorewaystosit.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatdothepassengersusuallyseewhentheyareonalong

bustrip?

A)Busesontheroad.

B)Filmsontelevision.

C)Advertisementsontheboard.

D)Gasstations.

2.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A)Togivethewritersopinionaboutlongbustrips.

B)Topersuadeyoutotakealongbustrip.

C)Toexplainhowbustripsandtelevisionshowsdiffer.

D)Todescribethebillboardsalongtheroad.

3.thewriterofthispassagewouldprobablyfavor

A)busdriverswhowerentreckless

B)drivingalone.

C)atelevisionsetonthebus.

D)nobillboardsalongtheroad.

4.ThewriterfeelslongbusridesarelikeTVshowsbecause

A)thecommercialsbothonTVshowsandonbillboardsalongtheroadarefun.

B)theybothhaveabeginning,amiddle,andanend,withcommercialsinbetween.

C)thedriversarealwaysrecklessonTVshowsjustastheyareonbuses.

D)bothtravelingandwatchingTVarenotexciting.

5.Thewriterthinksthattheendoftherideissomewhatlikethebeginningbecauseboth

are

A)exciting.

B)comfortable.

C)tiring.

D)boring

KEY:CADBA

PASSAGE2

NewFoodsandtheNewWorld

Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople—nottheirclothes,ideas,or

languages—haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwas

madeformtheseedsofthecocoatreebySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanish

introducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,

itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereserved

becameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.

ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600,theSpanishbroughtitfrom

PerutoEurope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.Irelandbecamesodependentonitthat

thousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthePotatoFamineof

1845-6,andthousandsmorewereforcedtoemigratetoAmerica.

TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromsouthAmericatotheOldWorld.

Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworldslargestgrowerof

coffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.

ButitisnativetoEthiopia.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400s.

AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenagoatherdnamedKaldi

noticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneand

experiencedthewide-awakefeelingthatone-thirdoftheworldspopulationnowstartsthe

daywith.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500

years?

A)Food.

B)Chocolate.

C)Potato.

D)Coffee

2.SomeinSomestillexisttodaymeans

A)somecocoatrees.

B)somechocolatedrinks.

C)someshops.

D)someSouthAmericanIndians.

3.ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthePotatoFaminebecause

A)theyweresodependentonthepotatothattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelse.

B)theywereforcedtoemigratetoAmerica.

C)theweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingthepotato.

D)thepotatoharvestwasbad.

4.Coffeeoriginallycamefrom

A)Brazil.

B)Colombia.

C)Ethiopia.

D)Arabia.

5.TheArabiclegendisusedtoprovethat

A)coffeewasfirstdiscoveredbyKaldi.

B)coffeewasfirstdiscoveredbyKaldisgoats.

C)coffeewasfirstdiscoveredinsouthAmericancountries.

D)coffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.

KEY:ACDCD

PASSAGE3

AFootballClub

Duringthe1970season,theclubplayed42matches:ofthese,34wereLeagueand

Cupgames,andtheremainderwerefriendlymatches.IntheLeague,theClubfinishedin

thirdplace,twopointsbehindthechampions.Outof28Leaguegames,16werewon,8

weredrawnand4werelost,whilsttheClubmanagedtoreachthesemi-finalofthe

ChallengeCupforthefirsttimeinitshistory.Oftheeightfriendlymatches,fourwerewon,

twoweredrawn,andtwowerelost,butthesedefeatswereatthehandsofvisitingteams

whosestandardsweregenerallymuchhigherthanthoseofplayersofthisarea.

Atthesametime,thestandardofplayshownbyourownteamwasmarkedlysuperior

tothatseeninpreviousyears,andthissuccessislargelyduetotheintensivetraining

programmewhichhasbeensupervisedbytheteamcaptain.Inthisconnection,the

provisionofadequatetrainingfacilitiesmustremainapriority,andtheerectionofan

indoorgymnasiumorhallinwhichtheplayerscanpractiseonweteveningsisessential.It

woulddomuchtosupplementtheoutdoortrainingbeingcarriedon,andwouldhelpthe

Clubintherecruitmentofyoungerplayers.

Therearenow28playersregisteredwiththeClub,andmanymorehaveaskedtojoin

buthavebeendiscouragedbythefactthattheClubfieldsonlyoneteam.Withthe

improvementinthefinancialposition,concerningwhichtheTreasurerwillreportina

minute.IsuggestthattheCommitteeconsiderenteringateamintheSecondDivisionof

theLeague.

1.HowmanyCupmatchesdidtheChallengeClubplay?

A)34

B)6

C)8

D)42

2.WhatreasondoesthespeakergivefortheClubsimprovedplayingrecord?

A)Theprovisionofadequatetrainingfacilities.

B)Theerectionofanindoorgymnasium.

C)Theintensivetrainingundertheteamcaptain.

D)Thelowstandardsofthevisitingteams.

3.Inthesecondparagraph,thisconnectionrefersto

A)anindoorgymnasium.

B)Anindoorhall.

C)Theteamcaptain.

D)Theintensivetrainingprograms.

4.ThecommitteemayenterateamintheSecondDivisionoftheLeaguebecauseof

A)itsimprovedfinancialposition.

B)Itsbettertrainingfacilities.

C)Itsimprovedplayingrecord.

D)Itsambitiontobecomefamous.

5.Thetoneofthisreportis

A)objective.

B)Unfriendly.

C)Pessimistic.

D)Critical.

KEY:BCDAA

PASSAGE4

LemonsinUsedCarMarket

Supposethatyou,acollegestudentofsomewhatlimitedmeans,areinthemarketfor

ausedpickuptruck.Thefollowingadinalocalusedcarpublicationcatchesyoureyes.

1993FordRanger,bilk,4WD,a/c

AM/FM/cass.,showroomcondition.

Call555-1234after5p.m

Thisisexactlythekindofvehicleyouwant,soyoucalltoinquireabouttheprice.The

priceyouarequotedoverthephoneis$2,000lowerthanthepriceforthismodelwiththis

equipmentlistedinausedcarguidebook.Insteadofbeingecstatic,however,youare

suspicious.

Formanyproducts,whenyoumustpaylessthanthegoingrate,youbelieveyouare

gettingagreatdeal.Thisisnotnecessarilythecaseforusedcarsorotherdurable

goods(washingmachinesandtelevisionsets,forexample)becausewithexpensive

products-or,whatisessentiallythesamething,productswithhighreplacementcosts-you

mustbeparticularlycarefulaboutgettingalemon.Oraproductofsubstandardquality.

Inadditiontoaskingtheprice,theageofacar-oranyotherconsumerdurable-isa

factorwhenyouaretryingtodeterminewhetherasellerisattemptingtounloadalemon.

Whilepeoplehaveallsortsofreasonsforwantingtoselltheircars-evenrelativelynew

cars-mostpeopleholdoffuntiltheyhaveputmanythousandsofmilesonacaroruntilthe

usedcarisseveralyearsold.Youwouldprobablybeassuspiciousofacarthatistoonew

asyouwouldacarthatistoogoodadeal.Infact,youareprobablywillingtopayahigh

priceforahigh-qualityusedcar.Whilethispricewouldcertainlybeacceptabletothe

seller,thecompetitivemarketmightnotfacilitatesuchtrades.

1.Thebeginningofthispassageassumesthatcollegestudents

A)areverycleverbutnotveryrich.

B)Areverycapablebutnotverydiligent.

C)Havelimitedmaterialresources

D)Arenotrich.

2.Thepassageindicatedthat,sometimeswhenyoufindaproductofanunexpectedlylow

price.

A)Youareveryhappy/

B)Youarerathersuspicious.

C)Youarefilledwithhappinessaswellassurprise.

D)Youfeeluneasy.

3.Lemoninthispassagerefersto

A)akindoffruit.

B)Akindofnewcar.

C)Akindofexpensiveandhigh-qualitycar.

D)Aproductofinferiorquality.

4.Ifyouwanttoknowiftheselleristryingtounloadalemon,you

A)taketheageofthecarintoconsideration.

B)Takethepriceofthelemonintoconsideration

C)Considerhowmanymilesthecarhasrun.

D)Considerboththepriceaswellastheageofthecar.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatintheusedcarmarket,

A)usedcarsaregenerallycheap.

B)Usedcarsaregenerallyexpensive

C)Usedcarsareactuallybrandnew

D)Carbuyersarewillingtopayahighpriceforausedcar.

KEY：DBDDA

PASSAGE5

TheGreatestShowonEarth

TheOlympicGamesarethegreatestfestivalofsportintheworld.Everyfouryears,a

hundredormorecountriessendtheirbestsportsmentocompeteforthehighesthonorsin

sport.Asmanyas6,000peopletakepartinover20sports.Forthewinners,thereare

goldmedalsandglory.Butthereishonor,too,forallwhocompete,winorlose.Thatisin

spiritoftheOlympics-totakepartiswhatmatters.

TheOlympicGamesalwaysstartinabrightcolorandaction.Theteamsofallthe

nationsparadeintheopeningceremonyandmarchroundthetrack.Thecustomisforthe

Greekteamtomarchinfirst.ForitwasinGreecethattheOlympicsbegan.Theteamof

thecountrywheretheGamesarebeingheld-thehostcountry-marchesinlast.

TherunnerwiththeOlympictorchthenentersthestadiumandlightstheflame.A

sportsmanfromthehostcountrytakestheOlympicoathonbehalfofallthecompetitors.

Thejudgesandofficialsalsotakeanoath.Afterthesportsmanmarchoutofthestadium,

thehostcountryputsonawonderfuldisplay?

Thecompetitionsbeginthenextday.Thereareusuallymorethantwentysortsinthe

Games.Theruleisthattheremustbeatleastfifteen.Themaineventsareintrackand

field,butitisafewdaysbeforethesesportsstart.Eachdaythecompetitorstakepartina

differentsport-riding,shooting,swimming,andcross-countryrunning.Pointsaregained

foreachevent.Medalsareawardedfortheindividualwinnersandfornationalteams.

Moreandmorewomenaretakingpartinthegames.Theyfirstcompetedin1900,in

tennisandgolf,whicharenolongerheldintheOlympics,Womensswimmingevents

wereintroducedin1912.Butitwasnotuntil1928thattherewereanytrackandfield

eventsforwomen.Now,theycompeteinallbuthalfa-dozenofthesports.Inhorseriding,

shooting,andboatracing,theymaycompeteinthesameeventsasthemen.

1.whyistherehonorforthelosersaswellasforthewinners?

A)Becausefailureisthemotherofthesuccess.

B)Becauselosersneedencouragement,too.

C)Becauselosersandwinnersshouldbeequallytreated.

D)BecausewhatreallymattersistotakepartintheOlympicGames.

2.Whichofthefollowingisalong-establishedpracticeintheopeningceremony?

A)Runnersenterthestadiumwithtorches.

B)Eachteamhastoputonawonderfuldisplay.

C)TheGreekteammarchesinfirst.

D)Menandwomenweremagnificentclothes.

3.WhotakestheOlympicoath?

A)Ajudgefromthehostcountry.

B)Anofficialfromthehostcountry.

C)AGreeksportsman.

D)Asportsmanfromthehostcountry.

4.WhatthemostimportanteventsintheOlympicGames?

A)Thetrackandfieldevents.

B)Thehorse-ridingevents.

C)Theswimmingevents.

D)Theboat-racingevents.

5.WhendidwomenstarttakingpartinOlympicGames?

A)ln1912.

B)ln1900.

C)ln1928.

D)ln1924.

KEY:DCDAB

PASSAGE6

One-roomSchools

One-roomschoolsarepartoftheUnitedStates,andthementionofthemmakes

peoplefeelavaguelongingforthewaythingswere.One-roomschoolsarean

endangeredspecies,however.Formorethanahundredyearsone-roomschoolshave

beensystematicallyshutdownandtheirstudentssentawaytocentralizedschools.As

recentlyas1930therewere149,000one-roomschoolsintheUnitedStates.By1970

therewere1,800.Today,ofthenearly800remainingone-roomschools,morethan350

areinNebraska.Therestarescatteredthroughafewotherstatesthathaveontheirroad

mapswide-spacesbetweentowns.

Nowthattherearehardlyanyleft,educatorsarebeginningtothinkthatmaybethere

issomethingyettobelearnedformone-roomschools,somethingthatservedthe

pioneersthatmightserveaswelltoday.Progressiveeducatorshavecomeupwith

progressive-soundingnameslikepeer-groupteachingandmulti-agegroupingfor

educationalproceduresthatoccurnaturallyintheone-roomschools.Inaone-room

schoolsthechildrenteacheachotherbecausetheteacherisbusypartoftheTime

teachingsomeoneelse.Afourthgradercanworkatafifth-gradelevelinmathanda

third-gradelevelinEnglishwithoutthestigmaassociatedwithbeingleftbackorthe

pressuresofbeingskippedahead.Ayoungsterwithalearningdisabilitycanfindhisorher

ownlevelwithoutbeingseparatedfromtheotherpupils.Inlargerurbanandsuburban

schoolstoday,thisiscalledmainstreaming.Afewhoursisasmallschoolthathasonly

oneclassroomanditbecomesclearwhysomanyparentsfeelthatoneoftheadvantages

oflivinginNebraskaintheirchildrenhavetogotoaone-roomschool.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatmanyeducatorsandparentstodayfeelthatone-room

schools

A)needtobeshutdown.

B)arethebestinNebraska.

C)areagoodexampleofthegoodoldday.

D)providegoodeducation.

2.Whyareone-roomschoolsindangerofdisappearing?

A)Becausetheyallexistinonestate.

B)Becausetheyskiptoomanychildrenahead.

C)Becausethereisatrendtowardscentralization.

D)Becausethereisnofourth-gradelevelinanyofthem.

3.Whatismentionedasamajorcharacteristicoftheone-roomschoolinthesecond

paragraph?

A)Somechildrenhavetobeleftback.

B)Teachersarealwaysbusy.

C)Pupilshavemorefreedom.

D)Learningisnotlimitedtoonegradelevelatatime.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthorstowardone-roomschools?

A)Praising.

B)Angry.

C)Critical.

D)Humorous.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthelastsentencethatparentslivinginNebraska

A)dontlikecentralizedschools.

B)receivededucationalinone-roomschools.

C)preferrurallifetourbanone.

D)comefromotherstates.

KEY:DCDAA

PASSAGE7

DavidJonesandHisSalary

ComputerprogrammerDavidJonesearns￡35,000ayeardesigningnewcomputer

games,yethecannotfindabankpreparedtolethimhaveachequecard.Instead,hehas

beentoldtowaitanothertwoyears,untilheis18.

The16-year-oldworksforasmallfirmInLivepool,wheretheproblemofmostyoung

peopleofhisageisfindingajob.Davidsfirmreleasestwonewgamesforthehome

computermarketeachmonth.

ButDavidsbiggestheadacheiswhattodowithhismoney.Despitehissalary,earned

buyinventingnewprograms,withbonuspaymentsandprofit-sharing,hecannotdrivea

car,buyahouse,orobtaincreditcards.

HeliveswithhisparentsinLivepool.Hiscompanyhastopay￡150amonthintaxi

farestogethimthefivemilestoworkandbackeverydaybecauseDavidcannotdrive.

DavidgothisjobwiththeLivepool-basedcompanyfourmonthsago,ayearafter

leavingschoolandworkingforatimeinacomputershop.Igotthejobbecausethepeople

whorunthefirmknewIhadalreadywrittensomeprograms,hesaid.

Isuppose￡35,000soundsalotbutIhopeitwillcometomorethanthathisyear.He

spendssomeofhismoneyonrecordsandclothes,andgiveshismother￡20aweek.

Butmostofhissparetimeisspentworking.

unfortunately,computingwasnotpartofourstudiesatschool,hesaid.ButIhad

beenstudyingitinbooksandmagazinesforfouryearsinmysparetime.IknewwhatI

wantedtodoandneverconsideredstayingonatschool.Mostpeopleinthisbusinessare

fairlyyoung,anyway.

Davidadded:IwouldliketoearnamillionandIsupposeearlyretirementisa

possibility.Youneverknowwhenthemarketmightdisappear.

Exercise

1.WhyisDaviddifferentfromotheryoungpeopleofhisage?

A)Becauseheearnsanextremelyhighsalary.

B)Becauseheisnotunemployed.

C)Becausehedoesnotgooutmuch.

D)Becausehelivesathomewithhisparents.

2.Davidsgreatestproblemis

A)findingabankthatwilltreathimasanadult.

B)inventingcomputergames.

C)spendinghissalary.

D)learningtodrive.

3.Hewasemployedbythecompanybecause

A)hehadworkedinacomputershop.

B)hehadwrittensomecomputerprograms.

C)hehadworkedveryhard.

D)hehadlearnedtousecomputersatschool.

4.Heleftschoolbecause

A)hedidnotenjoyschool

B)hewantedtoworkwithcomputersandstayingatschooldidnothelphim.

C)hewasafraidofgettingtoooldtostartcomputing.

D)hewantedtoearnalotofmoney.

5.WhydoesDavidthinkhemightretireearly?

A)Becauseyouhavetobeyoungtowritecomputerprograms.

B)Becausehewantstostopworkingwhenheisamillionaire.

C)Becausehethinkscomputergamesmightnotalwayssellsowell.

D)Becausehethinkshisfirmmightgobankrupt.

Keys:ACBBC

PASSAGE8

NewYork-TheMeltingPot

RecentlytheDepartmentofPlanningofNewYorkissuedareportwhichlaidbarea

fullscaleofthecity.In1970,18percentofthecityspopulationwasforeign-born.By1995,

thefigurehadrisento33percent,andanother20percentweretheUS-bornoffspringsof

immigrants.Soimmigrantsandtheirchildrennowformamajorityofthecityspopulation.

WhoaretheseNewYorkers?Whydotheycomehere?Wherearetheyfrom?(OK,

timetodropthethey.Imoneofthem).Thelastquestionatleastiseasytoanswer:we

comefromeverywhere.Inthelistofthetop20sourcenationsofthosesending

immigrantstoNewYorkbetween1990and1994aresixcountriesinAsia,fiveinthe

Caribbean,fourinLatinAmerica,threeinEurope,plusIsraelandformerSovietUnion.

Andwhenweimmigrantsgetherewerollupoursleeves,ifyourenotreadytoworkwhen

yougettoNewYork,saysafriendofmine,youdbetterhittheroad.

ThemayorofNewYorkoncesaid,Immigrationcontinuestoshapetheunique

characteranddrivetheeconomicengineofNewYorkCity.Hebelievesthatimmigrants

areattheheartofwhatmakesNewYorkgreat.InEurope,bycontrast,itismuchmore

commontohearpoliticiansworryaboutthelossofunitythatimmigrationbringstotheir

societies.Inthequartercenturysince1970,theUnitedStatedadmittedabout125million

legalimmigrants,andhasabsorbedthemintoitssocialstructureswithaneasebeyond

theimaginationofothernations.Sincetheseimmigrantsarepurposefulandhard-working,

theywillhelpAmericatomakeafreshstartinthenextcentury.

1.ThereportissuedbytheDepartmentofPlanningofNewYork

A)putforwardwaystocontrolNewYorkspopulation.

B)concerneditselfwiththegrowthofNewYorkspopulation.

C)studiedthestructureofNewYorkspopulation.

D)suggestedwaystoincreaseNewYorkspopulation.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheimmigrantsin

NewYork?

A)OnecannotfindhisplaceinNewYorkunlessheisreadytowork.

B)TheyfoundlifeinNewYorkharderthanintheirowncountries.

C)Mostofthemhavedifficultyfindingjobs.

D)Onecanliveonwelfareifhedoesnotwanttowork.

3.ThemayorofNewYorkconsidersimmigrationtobe

A)abigprobleminthemanagementofthecity.

B)apushneededtodevelopthecity.

C)acauseofdisintegrationofthecityssocialstructure.

D)anobstacletothedevelopmentofthecity.

4.WherearethenewNewYorkersfrom?

A)Asia.

B)Europe.

C)Allovertheworld.

D)LatinAmerica.

5.WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardsimmigrationtoNewYork?

A)Negative.

B)Worried.

C)Indifferent

D)Positive.

Keys:CABCD

PASSAGE9

PreservingNatureforFuture

DemandsforstrongerprotectionforwildlifeinBritainsometimeshidethefactthat

similarneedsarefeltintherestofEurope.StudiesbytheCouncilofEurope,ofwhich21

countiesaremembers,haveshownthat45percentofreptilespeciesand24percentof

butterfliesareindangerofdyingout.

EuropeanconcernforwildlifewasoutlinedbyDrPeterBaum,anexpertinthe

environmentandnaturalresourcesdivisionofthecouncil,whenhespokeataconference

arrangedbytheadministratorsofaBritishnationalpark.Theparkisoneofthefewareas

inEuropetoholdthecouncilsdiplomafornaturereservesofthehighestquality,andDr

PeterBaumhadcometopresentittotheparkonceagain.Hewasafraidthatpublic

opinionwasturningagainstnationalparks,andthatthosesetupinthe1960sand1970s

couldnotbesetuptoday.ButDrBaumclearlyremainedastrongsupporteroftheview

thatnaturalenvironmentsneededtobeallowedtosurviveinpeaceintheirownright.

Noareacouldbeexpectedtosurvivebothasatruenaturereserveandasatourist

attraction,hewenton.Theshort-sightedviewthatreserveshadtoserveimmediate

humandemandsforoutdoorrecreationshouldbereplacedbyfullacceptanceoftheir

importanceasplacestopreservenatureforthefuture.

Weforgetthattheyaretheguaranteeoflifesystems,onwhichanybuilt-uparea

ultimatelydepends,DrBaumwenton.Wecouldmanagewithoutmostindustrialproducts,

butwecouldnotmanagewithoutnature.However,ournaturalenvironmentareas,which

aretheoriginalpartsofourcountryside,haveshrunktobecomemereislandsinaspoiled

andhighlypollutedlandmass.

練習(xí)：

1.RecentstudiesbythecouncilofEuropehaveindicatedthat

A)wildlifeneedsmoreprotectiononlyinBritain

B)allspeciesofwildlifeinEuropeareindangerofdyingout.

C)therearefewerspeciesofreptilesandbutterfliesinEuropethanelsewhere

D)manyspeciesofreptilesanbutterfliesinEuropeneedprotecting

2.WhydidDrBaumcometoaBritishnationalpark?

A)Becauseheneededtopresentitwithacouncilsdiploma.

B)Becausehewasconcernedaboutitsmanagement

C)BecauseitwastheonlynationalparkofitskindinEurope.

D)BecauseitwastheonlyparkwhichhadeverreceivedadiplomafromtheCouncil.

3.Thelastsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliesthat

A)Peopleshouldmakeeveryefforttocreatemereenvironmentareas

B)Peoplewouldgoonprotectingnationalparks

C)certainareasofcountrysideshouldbeleftintact

D)peoplewoulddefendtherighttodeveloptheareasaroundnationalparks

4.InDrBaumsopinion,theviewthatanaturereserveshouldserveasatouristattraction

is

A)idealistic

B)revolutionary

C)short-sighted

D)traditional

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A)Wehavedevelopedindustryattheexpenseofcountryside

B)Wehaveforgottenwhatouroriginalcountrysidelookedlike

C)Peoplelivingonislandsshouldprotectnaturalresourcesfortheirsurvival

D)Weshoulddestroyallthebuilt-upareas.

答案：DACCA

PASSAGE19

CharacteristicsofPublicity

Publicityoffersseveralbenefits.Therearenotcostsformessagetimeorspace.An

adinprime-timetelevisionmaycost$250,000to$5000,000ormoreperminute,whereas

afive-minutereportonanetworknewscastwouldnotcostanything.However,thereare

costsfornewsreleases,apublicitydepartment,andotheritems.Aswithadvertising,

publicityreachesamassaudience.Withinashorttime,newproductsorcompanypolicies

arewidelyknown.

Credibilityaboutmessagesishigh,becausetheyarereportedinindependentmedia.

Anewspaperreviewofamoviehasmorebelievabilitythananadinthesamepaper,

becausethereaderassociatesindependencewithobjectivity.Similarly,peoplearemore

likelytopayattentiontonewsreportsthantoads.Forexample,WomensWearDailyhas

bothfashionreportsandadvertisements.Readersspendtimereadingthestories,but

theyflipthroughtheads.Furthermore,theremaybe10commercialsduringahalf-hour

televisionprogramorhundredsofadsinamagazine.Featurestoriesaremuchfewerin

numberandstandoutclearly.

Publicityalsohassomesignificantlimitations.Afirmhaslittlecontrolovermessages,

theirtiming,theirplacement,ortheircoveragebyagivenmedium.Itmayissuedetailed

newsreleasesandfindonlyportionscitedbythemedia,andmediahavetheabilitytobe

muchmorecriticalthanacompanywouldlike.

Forexample,in1982,Procter&Gamblefacedasubstantialpublicityproblemover

themeaningofits123-year-oldcompanylogo.Afewministersandotherprivatecitizens

believedresultedinthefirmreceiving15,000phonecallsabouttherumorinJuneal