2023年高考英語真題重組卷（北京專用）重組卷01-（北京卷）（解析版）

絕密★啟用前

沖刺2023年高考英語真題重組卷01

北京地區(qū)專用（解析版）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮

擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，

并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

（2022?北京?高考真題）OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying"freeplay",Isteppedtothe

doorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.Suddenly,I]amovementoftheheavywoodendoor.Thiswas

theverydoorI2guidedthechildrenthroughtoensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.Ifeltachill（寒意）

gothroughmybody.

Mylegscarriedmetothatdoor,andIpusheditopen.ItwasoneofmykindergartenerswhoIthoughtwas

3thatday.Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas4toopenthedoor.

Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!Withoutaword,Irushedhimtothehospital.Hewas

treatedforfrostbiteonhishands.He'dneedtimeto5,andwouldn'tcomeforclassthenextday,I

thought.

Thenextmorning,oneofthefirstto6wasmylittlefrostbittenboy.Notonlydidheruninwith

energy,buthis7couldbeheardasloudasever!Igavehimawarmhugandtoldhimhow8I

wastoseehim.Hiswordshavestayedwithmealltheseyears,“Iknewyouwouldopenthedoor.^^

ThatcoldMondaymorning,hewaitedalong,longwhileforadultsto9.Toachild,everyminute

feelslikeforever.Hedidn'tattempttowalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.Thisfive-year-oldtaughtmea

powerfullessonin10.

1.A.causedB.spottedC.checkedD.imagined

2.A.hesitantlyB.randomlyC.dizzilyD.carefully

3.A.angryB.absentC.specialD.noisy

4.A.courageousB.contentC.unableD?unwilling

5.A.recoverB.playC.changeD.wait

6.A.settleB.gatherC.arriveD.react

7.A.sneezeB.weepC.complaintD.laughter

8.A.luckyB.happyC.curiousD.nervous

9.A.showupB.pullupC.holdupD.lineup

10.A.gratitudeB.forgivenessC.faithD.kindness

【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。一個(gè)小男孩上學(xué)去晚了，被關(guān)在J'門外，小男孩推不開門，于是大冬天的

在門外等了很久，直到老師不經(jīng)意間發(fā)現(xiàn)門有動(dòng)靜，才注意到他被關(guān)在門外。小男孩堅(jiān)定地相信老師會(huì)給

他開門，這種信念讓老師一直銘記于心。

1.B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，我注意到那扇沉重的木門動(dòng)了一下。A.caused引起、使發(fā)

生；B.spotted看見、注意到；C.checked檢查、核對(duì)；D.imagined想象。根據(jù)后面的“amovementofthe

heavywoodendoor.“可知，此處表示看到門動(dòng)了下，spot符合語境。故選B。

2.D【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這正是那扇我小心翼翼地領(lǐng)著孩子們穿過，以確保他們不受嚴(yán)寒

侵襲的門。A.hesitanlly遲疑地、躊躇地；B.randomly隨機(jī)地；C.dizzily頭暈眼花地；D.carefully小心

地、謹(jǐn)慎地。根據(jù)后面的“toensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.”可知，要確保孩子們不受嚴(yán)寒侵襲，

說明是小心翼翼地領(lǐng)著孩子們通過，carefully符合語境。故選D。

3.B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：是我幼兒園的一個(gè)孩子，我以為他那天沒來。A.angry生氣的、

憤怒的；B.absent缺席的、不在的；C.special特殊的、特別的；D.noisy嘈雜的、聒噪的。根據(jù)下文的

“Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas_4____toopenthedoor.”可知，是小男孩來晚了，又

開不了門，所以老師以為他沒來，此處absent符合語境。故選B。

4.C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他很晚才被送到學(xué)校，打不開門。A.courageous勇敢的；B.content

滿足的、滿意的；C.unable無法勝任的、不會(huì)的；D.unwilling不愿意的。根據(jù)上文的“theheavywooden

door.”和下文的“Hemusthavebeenwaitingtherefbrquiteawhile!”可知，門很重，小男孩打不開，所以才

在門外等了很久，此處指“打不開門”，unable符合語境。故選C。

5.A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他需要時(shí)間恢復(fù)，我想他第二天不會(huì)來上課了。A.recover恢復(fù)、

康復(fù)；B.play玩鬧、戲弄；C.change改變;D.wait等待。根據(jù)前面的“Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhis

hands.“可知，小男孩手凍傷了，所以需要時(shí)間恢復(fù)，此處recover符合語境。故選A。

6.C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天早上，我那凍傷的小男孩是第一批趕到的人之一。A.settle

解決、定居：B.gather聚集、召集；C.arrive到達(dá)；D.react反應(yīng)。根據(jù)下文“Notonlydidheruninwith

energy,“可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了進(jìn)來，說明是來了學(xué)校，故此處指第一批到達(dá)學(xué)校的人，應(yīng)用arrive?

故選C。

7.D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他不僅精力充沛地跑了進(jìn)來，而且他的笑聲還像以前一樣響亮！

A.sneeze打噴嚏；B.weep哭泣；C.complaint抱怨；D.laughter笑聲。根據(jù)前面的“Notonlydidherunin

withenergy”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了進(jìn)來，說明身體恢復(fù)好了，結(jié)合后面的“couldbeheardasloud

asever”可知，此處應(yīng)指“笑聲和以前一樣響亮”，laughter符合語境。故選D。

8.B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我給了他一個(gè)溫暖的擁抱，告訴他我很高興見到他。A.lucky

幸運(yùn)的;B.happy開心的、幸福的：C.curious好奇的；D.nervous緊張的、擔(dān)憂的。根據(jù)上文"He'dneed

timeto5_,andwouldn'tcomefbrclassthenextday,Ithought.”可知，作者以為小男孩不會(huì)來學(xué)

校，所以看到小男孩的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該是開心的，h叩py符合語境。故選B。

9.A【解析】考查短語辨析。句意：在那個(gè)寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出現(xiàn)。A.show

up露面，出現(xiàn)；B.pullup拔起、停下來；C.holdup舉起、阻擋；D.lineup排隊(duì)。根據(jù)上下文語義可

知，小男孩在門口等了很久，才等到大人出現(xiàn)給他開門，此處用showup符合語境。故選A。

10.C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)五歲的孩子給我在信念方面上了一堂有力的課。A.gratitude

感激；B.forgiveness寬恕；C.faith信任、信念；D.kindness善良、仁慈。根據(jù)前面“Hedidn'tattemptto

walkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.”可知，小男孩在門口等了很久,卻沒有試圖回家,說明小男孩有

很強(qiáng)的的信念，故此處指老師從小男孩身上學(xué)到了一些關(guān)于信念的東西，此處指“關(guān)于信念的課“，faith

符合語境。故選C。

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

(2022?北京?高考真題)HelenwaswalkingdownIhestreetlate11theevening,herarmsfilledwith

grocerybags.Focusedonbalancingthebags,shedidn'tnoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.AsHelen

walkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention12(harm)her,

Helenstartedtorun.Eventually,theman13(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnher

wallet!

【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是海倫在夜間獨(dú)行時(shí)的一段經(jīng)歷。

11.in【解析】考查介詞。句意：深夜，海倫抱著購(gòu)物袋走在街上。intheevening意為“在晚上”，固定搭配。

故填in。

12.toharm【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：海倫擔(dān)心他可能有意傷害她，便開始快跑。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，

可知空處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式，haveanintentiontodosth.意為“有意向做某事“，固定搭配，不定式作

后置定語。故填toharm。

13.caught【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：最終，那個(gè)男人追上了她，他只是想把她的錢包還給她！結(jié)合句

意空處應(yīng)填謂語動(dòng)詞的形式，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填caught。

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

(2020?北京?高考真題)OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood14(play)abigrole

inhislife."Mymumwasagreatcook,andshe'dsometimesletmehaveatry,"hesaid.ThefirstdishOliver

preparedforhisfamilywasfriedchickenwings.Hemadeitwithhismum'shelp.Oliversaysif

you're15(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem16youcanjoin

inwhenit'spossible.

【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文，主要介紹了美食節(jié)目主持人奧利弗。

14.plays/hasplayed/isplaying/hasbeenplaying【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他說食物在他的生命中扮演著重要

角色。此處表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，也可以表示從過去一直到現(xiàn)在延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，所以可以用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)

行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。主語food為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故填plays/hasplayed/is

playing/hasbeenplaying?

15.lucky【解析】考查形容詞。句意：奧利弗說，如果你足夠幸運(yùn)，身邊有一個(gè)喜歡烹飪的人。空前有be

動(dòng)詞，所以空處填形容詞做表語。故填lucky。

16.if/whether【解析】考查連詞。句意：?jiǎn)査麄兡闶欠裼锌赡芗尤胨麄?。youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.

是賓語從句，從句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空.

(2021?北京?高考真題)There17(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsover

thepast20years.18(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromthe

UnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,19(result)

inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowa

criticalneed20（invest）indisasterprevention.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章指出過去20年里，極端天氣事件的數(shù)量急劇增加，這在很大程度

上是由全球氣溫上升造成的，引發(fā)重大自然災(zāi)害，造成了極大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，因此人們急需投資于災(zāi)害預(yù)防。

17.hasbeen【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)的一份新報(bào)告，過去20年里，極端天氣事件的數(shù)

量急劇增加，這在很大程度上是由全球氣溫上升造成的。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語overthepast20years可知，此

處使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，adramaticrise是單數(shù)感念，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填hasbeen。

18.caused【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意同上。adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweatherevents

cause是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，表被動(dòng)。故填caused。

19.resulting【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：20（）0年至2019年，全球共發(fā)生重大自然災(zāi)害7348起，造

成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失2.97萬億美元。7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld4result是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，且表

示一-種自然的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，作結(jié)果狀語。故填resulting。

20.ioinvest【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：研究結(jié)果表明，急需投資于災(zāi)害預(yù)防。根據(jù)語境可知，此處

表示未來的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用不定式，作后置定語。故填loinvest。

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上

將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

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learningindustrywithmillionsofactivesubscribers.Wehouseabroadrangeofexpertsunitedbythecommongoal

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researchers,ourmulti-languageexpertsendowLancomwithanenormouspotentialforinnovationwithintheworld

oflanguageleaning.Ourcourses,totalling20,000hoursofcontentin20differentlanguages,guaranteeyou

languageskillsyoucanuserightaway.

AtthecoreofLancomisaworld-classeffectivemethodthatenhanceslanguageleaningwithadvanced

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Examplesanddialoguesarerecordedwithrealnativespeakersinsteadofautomaticcomputers.Lancomtrains

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Theappmakesourpracticallanguagelessonsavailablewhereverandwhenever.Weworkdirectlyforourleaners,

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emailandonlinechat.

Millionsoflearnershavetheirownstoriesandtheirownreasonsforlearninganewlanguage.Lancomcares

aboutyouandaddressesyourindividuallearningtype.Lancomistheonlyproducttooffercoursestailoredtoyour

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21.WhocanprovideLancomwithahugepotentialforinnovationinlearning?

A.Cultureresearchers.B.AIspecialists.C.Languageexperts.D.Artdesigners.

22.WhatliesatthecoreoftheLancomapp?

A.Aflexiblesystem.B.Aneffectivemethod.

C.Thebrain-trainingtechnique.D.Theinformativecontent.

23.Lancomclaimsthatitisuniqueinits.

A.personalisedcoursesB.multiplelanguages

C.pricingpolicyD.serviceteam

【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹一個(gè)名為L(zhǎng)ancom的全球性語言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序，介紹了其特色、

價(jià)格以及聯(lián)系方式等信息。

21.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“WithadvicefromAIspecialists,artdesignersandcultureresearchers,

ourmulti-languageexpertsendowLancomwithanenormouspotentialforinnovationwithintheworldof

languageleaning.”可知，在人工智能專家、藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)師和文化研究者的建議下，我們的多語言專家為

Lancom在語言學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域提供了巨大的創(chuàng)新潛力。由此可知，語言專家為L(zhǎng)ancom提供學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)新的巨大

潛力。故選C。

22.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AtthecoreofLancomisaworld-classeffectivemethodthatenhances

languageleaningwithadvancedtechnology.”可知，Lancom的核心是一種世界級(jí)的有效方法，利用先進(jìn)的

技術(shù)來增強(qiáng)語言學(xué)習(xí)。由此可知，Lancom應(yīng)用程序的核心是有效的方法。故選B。

23.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Lancomistheonlyproducttooffercoursestailoredtoyournative

language,buildingongrammarandwordsyoualreadyknow.”可知，Lancom是唯----款為您的母語量身定

制課程的產(chǎn)品，以您已經(jīng)掌握的語法和單詞為基礎(chǔ)，由此可知，Lancom聲稱它的個(gè)性化課程是獨(dú)一無

二的。故選A。

B

（2022?北京?高考真題）MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled（削弱）

myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,constantly

staringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:Iwantedtobeperfectat

whateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.

Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.His

presentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceinthe

world.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmy

couragetospeakone-on-onewithhim——anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwas

wheremystorybegan.

Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Lookingback,Inowseethat

thiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewand

moreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouth

forNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommitto

completingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotect

nature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.

IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandI'verealisedthatmybiggestobstacle（障礙）

thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethatonephrasethathasstoppedso

manypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:Ican't.Theysaygoodthingscometothosewhowait;Isay:grabevery

opportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandbeimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butour

action.

24.WhatwasthemaincausefbrAlice'sanxiety?

A.Herinabilitytoactherage.B.Herhabitofconsumption.

C.Herdesiretobeperfect.D.Herlackofinspiration.

25.HowdidGrantBrown?spresentationinfluenceAlice?

A.Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature.B.Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.

C.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.D.Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.

26.TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore.

A.intelligentB.confidentC.innovativeD.critical

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Patienceisacureofanxiety.

C.Actionisworry'sworstenemy.D.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者通過參加保護(hù)自然活動(dòng)治愈好了自己的焦慮。

24.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:Iwantedtobe

perfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.（我的完美主義傾向是

這一點(diǎn)的主要根源：無論我做什么，我都想做到完美，這在生活中顯然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。y

可知，是要求完美導(dǎo)致了焦慮。故選c。

25.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第：段“Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrant

Brownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninner

desiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.（一天，我在高中參加了野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)主義者GrantBrown的演講。

他的演講不僅讓我感到敬畏和鼓舞，還幫助我產(chǎn)生了一種內(nèi)在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作為。戶和文

章第三段“ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthfor

Planetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,

andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.（在我收至U他的邀

請(qǐng)后不久，我的高中就收到了力口入“YouthforNature”和“YouthforPlane”組織的申請(qǐng)。我決定致力于完成

這些申請(qǐng)，很快我就成為了一個(gè)日益壯大的全球年輕人保護(hù)自然團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員。）”可知，是GrantBrown

讓作者開始為從事保護(hù)自然地活動(dòng)中。故選A。

26.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasa

partofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedto

growmyconfidence.（我決定完成申請(qǐng)，很快我就成為了一個(gè)不斷壯大的全球年輕人保護(hù)自然團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員。

每一步都讓我更加自信。戶可知，Alice加入這些活動(dòng)讓她變得更自信了。故選Be

27.C【解析】推理判斷題。由第一段“Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled（削弱）my

abilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.”（去年年初，我被一種焦慮困擾，它削弱了我

做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段"Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasa

partofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedto

growmyconfidence.（我決定完成申請(qǐng)，很快我就成為了一個(gè)不斷壯大的全球年輕人保護(hù)自然團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員。

每一步都讓我更加自信。）可知，文章主要講述作者通過參加保護(hù)自然活動(dòng)治愈好了自己的焦慮。所以

從文章中我們能學(xué)到行動(dòng)是憂慮最大的敵人。故選Co

C

（2021匕京?高考真題）Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinan

openletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobal

collapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas"acrediblescenario（情景）this

century”.

Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmight

createglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolled

pandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalso

unthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackingin

flexibility.

Theinternationalscholars'warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmight

happen.Coilapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangers

ofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories（簽署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe

^ecologicalfbotprinf,concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagiven

lifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,utitseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,

possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,Johnsonsaidinanemail.

“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwe

havethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelyto

beignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,

Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）

Intheincurableformofhope.

Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（執(zhí)著）onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.

“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatwesee

theretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.^^

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Scientific.B.Credible.

C.Original.D.Relevant.

29.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris.

A.worriedB.puzzled

C.surprisedD.scared

30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.

B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.

C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.

D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，文章闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的概念。數(shù)百名科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)

者在去年12月發(fā)表的一封公開信中向全人類發(fā)出了警告：政策制定者和我們每個(gè)人必須直面“全球崩塌'’的

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章具體闡釋了學(xué)者們對(duì)這一概念的定義、理解和它的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

28.D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)該詞所在的具體語境，第三段第-一句“Thecallforpublicengagementwiththe

unthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesinthe

world'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.''（呼吁公眾對(duì)世界不確定性的關(guān)注，尤其與此時(shí)此刻的情

況密切相關(guān)：此時(shí)此刻，在世界上技術(shù)最先進(jìn)的國(guó)家，仍處于無法控制流行病和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的泥潭中），

下文也提到，一場(chǎng)病毒肆虐，一個(gè)國(guó)家社會(huì)停止了運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，大流行無法控制，經(jīng)濟(jì)下行，這樣的事情在

不久之前都是無法想象，不可思議（unthinkable）的，即世界充滿了不確定性。而此時(shí)此刻呼吁人們對(duì)

這種unthinkable加以關(guān)注，正是和此時(shí)此刻的世界實(shí)況密切相關(guān)。A.Scientific科學(xué)的；B.Credible可

信的，可靠的；C.Original原來的，原創(chuàng)的；D.Relevant相關(guān)的，有重大關(guān)系的。根據(jù)上面的分析，僅

有D符合語境，故選D。

29.A【解析】推理判斷題。本題要求判斷作者的情感態(tài)度，根據(jù)原文第五段“yetmessengersofthecoming

disturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.**（然而未來崩潰的先行信

號(hào)很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來會(huì)變好）和倒數(shù)最后一段的呼吁，例如“Lefslookdirectlyinto

theissueofcollapse,theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebest

ofatroublingfuture."（他們說，“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況，

以便使未來沒那么糟?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為公眾對(duì)“全球崩塌'’的重視意識(shí)不夠，比較擔(dān)心，A.wonied

擔(dān)憂的；B.puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.scared害怕的，綜合以上的分析，可見作

者對(duì)此是“擔(dān)憂的”，故選A。

30.B［解析］推理判斷題。原文詩(shī)歌isavictimofdope;Intheincurableformofhope."（人類是麻醉品

的受害者；沉迷于無可救藥的幻想中）表達(dá)的是，人類無視未來全球崩塌的巨大危險(xiǎn)，把頭埋進(jìn)沙子

里，假裝不知道，充滿不切實(shí)際的幻想和希望。而詩(shī)歌前面的段落就提到“yetmessengersofthecoming

disturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine."（然而未來崩潰的先行信

號(hào)很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來會(huì)變好），結(jié)合上下文，這里指的是人們都幻想著未來就會(huì)變

好。詩(shī)歌之后的最后一段則提到執(zhí)著于“quietinghopethatignorespreparedness.^^（掐滅不做準(zhǔn)備的空有

幻想），接著又借學(xué)者之口，提至『'Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,theysay,"anddealwiththe

ten-iblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”（他們說，“讓我們直面全球

崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況，以便使未來沒那么糟?？梢?，上下文一脈相

承，表達(dá)相同的一方觀點(diǎn)，未對(duì)另一方的觀點(diǎn)有任何呈現(xiàn)，理解文章后可知，作者有明顯的態(tài)度傾向，

作者對(duì)于這首詩(shī)表達(dá)的信息是贊同的，故選B。

D

（2021?北京?高考真題）Earlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattime

wasunlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevaries

dependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinstein

right.Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestion

you'reasking.

Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute.Whatif,insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimeto

ecology?Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（節(jié)奏）ofhumanlife?We'reincreasingly

awareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate

（調(diào)節(jié)）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat?

Recently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet,

conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming.We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseum

thatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmental

changes.We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate.If

theriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,you'llsee

theoppositeeffect.

Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics.It*sasortof

observatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（時(shí)間框架），andallowsusto

witnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones.AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewill

liveinharmonywiththeplanet.Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajor

imbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.

Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars,earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtime

tonaturalphenomena.Inpre-ClassicalGreece,forinstance,people"corrected^officialcalendarsbyshiftingdates

forwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason.Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheir

survival.Likewise,rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourageenvironmental

awareness.

WhenSt.Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime,hehighlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeable

qualities：Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext.Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisas

praiseworthyasitspurpose.

31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.

B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.

C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.

D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.

32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto?

A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargument

C.highlightanexperimentD.introduceanapproach

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife.

B.NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems.

C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower.

D.Modemtechnologymayhelptoshapetherivers5temporalframe.

34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime.

B.Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless.

C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature.

D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality.

【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。文章通過討論時(shí)間的定義，講述「人們應(yīng)該和大自然和諧相處，保護(hù)環(huán)境。

31,B［解析］主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Evenadvancedphysicscan*tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,

becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking.（即使是先進(jìn)的物理