2023年考研外語(yǔ)提分沖刺試卷4

考研外語(yǔ)提分沖刺試卷4

一、UseofEnglish

1>Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid一the

words.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeanings

are(1)fromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinder

oureffectiveness(2)apartnertoarelationshiptorely

tooheavilyonwords(3)Wordsareusedtodescribeonly

asmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygiven

(4).Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthose

(5)ifwelistenfor(6)words.Wedon'talwayssay

whatwemean(7)meanwhatwesay.Mostlywemeanseveral

thingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaysto

thecurrentowner."ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI'11buy”.

Theownersays,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears”.(8),the

stephasn'tbeenlikethatforyears,butthe(9)message

is:“Idon，twanttofixit.Wecanputupwithitwhycan，t

you?”The(10)foramoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcan

bedevelopedbyexaminingamessage(11)whosaidit,when

itoccurred,the(12)conditionsorsituation,andhowit

wassaid.

Whenamessageoccurscanalso(13)associatedmeaning.

Afriend'sunusuallydocilebehavior,mayonlybeunderstood

by(14)thatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequired

a(n)(15)amountofassertiveness.

Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessageare(16)The

words,“itsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover”,canbesaid

with(17)andexcitedorritualistically.Thephrasecan

besaidonceor(18)severaltimes.Andthemeaningwe

associatewiththephrasewillchange(19)Sometimesif

wesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;

sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthe(20)importance

itassumes.

A.omitted

B.resulted

C.dismissed

D.derived

2、(2)

A.for

B.under

C.as

D.against

3、⑶

A.aswell

B.alone

C.longbefore

D.though

4、⑷

A.message

B.description

C.statement

D.explanation

5、⑸

A.associations

B.appointments

C.appliances

D.agitations

6、(6)

A.lessthan

B.ratherthan

C.morethan

D.otherthan

7、(7)

A.orelse

B.or

3

C.butrather

D.but

8、(8)

A.Theoretically

B.Ironically

C.Probably

D.Actually

9、(9)

A.inclined

B.declared

C.implied

D.delivered

10、(10)

A.search

B.inquiry

C.worry

D.confusion

IK(11)

A.intermsof

B.inthelightof

C.inlinewith

D.inthewakeof

4

12、(12)

A.involved

B.included

C.related

D.concerned

13、(13)

A.uncover

B.expose

C.display

D.reveal

14、(14)

A.marking

B.noting

C.labeling

D.spotting

15、(15)

A.complex

B.abnormal

C.moderate

D.ambiguous

16、(16)

A.offered

B.granted

C.presented

D.agreed

17、(17)

A.emphasis

B.hesitation

C.interest

D.pressure

18、(18)

A.renewed

B.recovered

C.repeated

D.restored

19、(19)

A.unexpectedly

B.occasionally

C.especially

D.accordingly

20、(20)

A.better

B.less

C.worse

6

D.more

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

AfterLosAngeles,AtlantamaybeAmerica'smostcar-dependent

city.Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames,compare

speedingticketsandjealouslyguardanysidestreetwhereit

ispossibletopark.Thecity'sroadsaresowellwornthatthe

firstactofthenewmayor,ShirleyFranklin,wastostart

repairingpotholes.In1998,13metrocountieslostfederal

highwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedthe

CleanAirAct.TheAmericanHighwayUsersAlliancerankedthree

Atlantainterchangesamongthe18worstbottlenecksinthe

country.

Othercitiesinthesamefixhavereorganizedtheirhighways,

imposedcommuterandcartaxes,orexpandedtheir

public-transportsystems.Atlantadoesnotlikeanyofthese

things.Publictransportisavexedsubject,too.Atlanta，s

metropolitanregionisdividedintonumerouscountyandsmaller

citygovernments,whichfindithardtoworktogether.Railways

nowservethecitycenterandtheairport,butnotmuchelse;

busstopsareoftennearinvisiblepoles,offeringno

indicationofwhichbusmightstopthere,orwhen.

Georgia(sDemocraticgovernor,RoyBarnes,whohopesfor

reelectioninNovember,hasotherplans.Towinbackthefederal

highwaymoneylostundertheCleanAirAct,hecreatedthe

GeorgiaRegionalTransportationAuthority(GRTA),a15-member

boardwiththepowertomakethecountygovernments,thecity

andtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissioncooperateon

transportplans,whetherthey1ikeitornot.

NowGRTAhasissueditsownpreliminaryplan,allocating$4.5

billionoverthenextthreeyearsforavarietyofschemes.The

planearmarksmoneytowidenroads;tohaveanelectricshuttle

busshuttletouristsamongtheelegantvillasofBuckhead;and

tocreateacommuterraillinkbetweenAtlantaandMacon,two

hourstothesouth.Countieswillbeencouraged,withgenerous

ten-to-onematchingfunds,tostartexpressbusservices.

Publicgoodwill,however,maynotstretchasfarasthenext

plan,whichistobuildtheNorthernArchighwayfor65miles

acrossthreecountiesnorthofthecitylimits.GRTAhas

allotted$270mforthis.Supporterssayitwou1deasethe

congestiononlocalroads;opponentsthinkitwouldworsen

over-developmentandtraffic.Thecountiesaffected,andeven

GRTA'sownboard,aredivided.

Thegovernorisinfavor,however;andsincehecanappointand

fireGRTA'Smembers,thatisprobablytheendofthestory.Mr.

Barneshasatendencytodoashewants,regardless.His

arroganceontrafficmatterscouldalsolosehimvotes.ButMr.

BarnesthinkthatAtlanta，sslowingeconomycoulddohimmore

harmthantheanti-sprawlmovement.

Theauthor'spresentationofAtlanta*scar-dependenceis

meant.

A.tobeironic.

B.topokefuntothem.

C.tobefair.

D.tomakeitnotorious.

2、

Theword"bottleneck”(Para.1)bestconnotes.

A.toviolatethelaw.

B.toslackthepace.

C.tobestuckintraps.

D.tobeheldup.

3、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?

A.ControversiesexistconcerningthetrafficinAtlanta.

B.ThefederalfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.

C.Atlantamustabandonbusesandbuildmorehighways.

D.Thecountygovernmentsshouldlearntobecooperative.

4、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTpartofthe“anti-sprawl

movement"asplannedbygovernorRoyBarnes?

A.HissuccessinreelectioninNovember.

B.Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.

C.Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.

D.Theconstructionofacommuterrail.

5、

Itseemsthatthebestsolutiontothetrafficproblemin

Atlantaseemstoliein.

A.theenforcementoftrafficregulations.

B.theimprovementofitsroadconditions.

C.theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxes.

D.theimprovementofitspublictransports.

6、Iftheopinionpollsaretobebelieved,mostAmericans

arecomingtotrusttheirgovernmentmorethantheyusedto.

ThehabithasnotyetspreadwidelyamongAmericanIndians,who

suspectanorganizationwhichhassooftenpatronizedthem,

liedtothemanddefraudedthem.ButtheIndiansmaysoonwin

avictoryinalegalbattlethatepitomizesthoseabuses.

ElouiseCobell,abankerwhoalsohappenstobeamemberofthe

BlackfeettribeinMontana,istheleadingplaintiffina

massiveclass-actionsuitagainstthegovernment.Atissueis

upto$10billionintrustpaymentsowedtosome500,000Indians.

ThesuitrevolvesaroundIndividualIndianMoney(11M)accounts

thatareadministeredbytheInteriorDepartment，sBureauof

IndianAffairs(BIA).Backinthe1880s,thegovernmentdivided

morethan11macresoftriballandintoparcelsof80to160

acresthatwereassignedtoindividualIndians.Becausethese

parcelswererarelyoccupiedbytheirnewowners,the

governmentassumedresponsibilityformanagingthem.Asthe

Indians，trustee,itleasedthelandoutforgrazing,logging,

miningandoi1drilling一butitwassupposedtodistributethe

royaltiestotheIndianowners.

Infact,officialsadmitthatroyaltieshavebeenlostorstolen.

Recordsweredestroyedandthegovernmentlosttrackofwhich

Indiansownedwhatland.Theplaintiffssaythatmoneyisowing

to500,000Indians,buteventhegovernmentacceptsafigure

ofabout300,000.Foryears,CobellheardIndianscomplainof

notgettingpaymentfromthegovernmentfortheoil-drilling

andranchingleasesontheirland.Butnothingmuchgotdone.

ShereturnedtoWashingtonand,afterabrush-offfrom

governmentlawyers,filedthesuit.

GaleNorton,GeorgeBushesinteriorsecretarywaschargedwith

contemptinNovemberbecauseherdepartmenthadfailedtofix

theproblem.InDecember,JudgeLamberthorderedtheinterior

Departmenttoshutdownallitscomputersfortenweeksbecause

trustfundrecordswerevulnerabletohackers.Thesystemwas

partlyrestoredlastmonthandpaymentstosomeIndians,which

hadbeeninterrupted,resumed.

Andthatisnottheendofit.Ms.Nortonhasproposedthe

creationofanewBureauofIndianTrustManagement,separate

fromtheBIA.Indiansarecrossthatshesuggestedthiswithout

consultingthem.Somewantthetrustfundstobeplacedin

receivership,underaneutralsupervisor.Othershavecalled

forCongresstoestablishanindependentcommission,including

Indians,todrawupaplanforreformingthewholesystem.A

messyinjusticemayatlastbegettingsortedout.

ElouiseCobellcriticizedtheInteriorDepartment(sBIAfor

A.itsleasinglandoutforexploitation.

B.itsdistributionofmoneycollected.

C.itssupposedmisconductofabuses.

D.itsreactiontoamassiveaction.

7、

Itseemsthattheauthorismostcriticalofthegovernment's

A.irresponsibility.

B.interference.

C.bureaucracy.

D.inequality.

8、

Whenmentioning“parcelsof80to160acres”,thewriteris

talkingabout.

A.oilprospectors.

B.trustpayments.

C.privateproperty.

D.landownership.

9、

WhatistheattitudeofAmericanIndianstowardsGaleNorton，s

proposal?

A.Skeptical.

B.Scornful.

C.Annoyed.

D.Indifferent.

10、

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingthetext?

A.TrustfundshavebeenplacedinthehandsofAmerican

Indians.

B.PaymentsowedtoAmericanIndianhavebeenindefinitely

delayed.

C.BIAdeliberatelyleavestrust-fundrecordsvulnerableto

risks.

D.AmericanIndiansshouldbecomeincreasinglyvocalfor

justice.

11、TheEuropeanUnion'sBarcelonasummit,whichendedon

March16th,wasplayedoutagainsttheusualbackdropofnoisy

“anti-globalization“demonstrationsandmassivesecurity.If

nothingelse,thedemonstrationsillustratedthateconomic

liberalizationinEurope一themeeting'smaintopic一presents

genuinepoliticaldifficulties.Influentialsectionsofpublic

opinioncontinuetoopposeanythingthattheyimaginethreatens

“socialEuropetheidealofacradle-to-gravewelfarestate.

Inthisclimateofpublicopinion,itisnotsurprisingthat

theoutcomeinBarcelonawasmodest.Thetotemicissuewas

openingupEurope'senergymarkets.TheFrenchgovernmenthas

foughthardtopreserveaprotectedmarketathomeforits

state-ownednationalchampion,ElectricitedeFrance(EDF).At

Barcelonaitmadeawell-flaggedtacticalretreat.The

summiteersconcludedthatfrom2022industrialusersacross

Europewouldbeabletochoosefromcompetingenergysuppliers,

whichshouldaccountfor“atleast”60%ofthemarket.

SinceEurope'senergymarketisworth350billion($309billion)

ayearandaffectsjustabouteverybusiness,thisisa

breakthrough.Buteventheenergydealhasdisappointing

aspects.Confiningcompetitiontobusinessusersmakesit

hardertoshowthateconomicliberalizationisthefriend

ratherthanthefoeoftheordinaryperson.ItalsoallowsEDF

tokeepitsmonopolyinthemostprofitablechunkoftheFrench

market.

Inotherareas,especiallytodowithEurope'stoughlabor

markets,theEUisactuallygoingbackwards.Thesummiteers

declaredthat''disincentivesagainsttakingupjobs"shouldbe

removed;20mjobsshouldbecreatedwithintheEUby2022.But

onlythreedaysafteraBarcelonajamboree,theEuropean

Commissionendorsedanewlawthatwouldgiveall

temporary-agencyworkersthesamerightsasfull-timerswithin

sixweeksofgettingtheirfeetunderthedesk.Sixoutof20

commissionersdid,unusually,voteagainstthemeasure一a

blatantpieceofre-regulation—butthesocialaffairs

commissioner,AnnaDiamantopoulou,wasunrepentant,indeed

triumphant.Adissatisfiedliberaliserinthecommission

calledthedirective“anabsolutedisaster'".

Thesummit'sotherachievementsarestillmorefragile.

Europe'sleaderspromisedtoincreasespendingon''researchand

development"fromitscurrentfigureof1.9%ofGDPayearto

3%.ButhowwillEuropeanpoliticianscompelbusinessesto

investmoreinresearch?Nobodyseemstoknow.Andtheonebig

researchprojectagreedonatBarcelona,theGalileo

satellite-positioningsystem,whichissupposedtocost3.2

billionofpublicmoney,isofdubiouscommercialvalue,since

theEuropeansalreadyenjoyfreeaccesstotheAmericans，GPA

system.EdwardBannerman,headofeconomicsattheCentrefor

EuropeanReform,aBlairitethink-tank,callsGalileo"the

commonagriculturalpolicyinspace”.

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.AreviewofEU'sBarcelonasummit.

B.AboutmeritsofaEU'ssummit.

C.AsurveyofEurope，scompetitors.

D.AbouttheachievementsoftheEU.

12、

Thepubliclaunchedademonstrationsagainstthesummitwith

respectto.

A.politicaldifficulties.

B.itsstronginfluence.

C.imaginativeideals.

D.itssocialwelfare.

13、

Accordingtothistext,“anti-globalization"isto

liberation"as.

A.securityisto"threats”.

B.monopolyisto"competition”.

C.publicityisto"privacy”.

D.researchisto“development”.

14、

WelearnfromthetextthatEdwardBannermanisprobably

A.anenthusiastinagriculturalpolicy.

B.atoughleaderinsocialaffairs.

C.andoubterofspendingonresearch.

D.apioneerinspaceexploration.

15、

Intheeyesoftheauthor,theEU'sBarcelonasummit,

A.turnedouttoberatherdisappointing.

B.wasasproductiveasexpected.

C.provedtobequitedissatisfactory.

D.wasnotsofruitfulasanticipated.

16、Everydaysome16mbarrelsofoilleavetheGulfthrough

theStraitofHormuz.Thatisenoughtofillasoft-drinkcan

foreveryoneonearth,ortopowereverymotorvehicleonthe

planetfor25miles(40km).Gulfoilaccountsfor40%ofglobal

tradeinthestickystuff.Moreimportant,itmakesup

two-thirdsofknowndeposits.Whereasatpresentproduction

ratestherestoftheworld'soilreserveswilllastforamere

25years,theGulf'swilllastfor100.Inotherwords,the

region'sstrategicimportanceissettogrowandgrow.

Oratleastsogoestheconventionalwisdom,whichisusually

roundedoutwithscarytalkofunstablesupplies,spendthrift

regimesandapotentialfundamentalistmenace.Yetallthose

numberscomewithcaveats.Agreatdealofoilisconsumedby

thecountriesthatproduceitratherthantraded,soinreality

theGulfaccountsforlessthanaquarteroftheworld'sdaily

consumption.Asforreserves,thefiguresareaschangeableas

amirageinthedesert.Themostcomprehensiveresearch

available,conductedbytheUSGeologicalSurvey,referstoan

“expected"totalvolumeforglobalhydrocarbondepositsthat

isaboutdoublecurrentknownreserves.Usingthatfigure,and

throwinginnaturalgasalongwithoil,itappearsthattheGulf

containsamoremoderate30%orsooftheplanet'sfuture

fossil-fuelsupplies.LeavingoutthetwoGulfstatesthatare

notcoveredinthissurvey—IranandIraq一theremainingsix

betweenthemholdsomethinglike20%ofworldhydrocarbon

reserves,notmuchmorethanRussia.

Allthesame,itisstillaheftychunk;enough,youmightthink,

tokeepthepeoplelivingatopthewellsincomfortforthe

foreseeablefuture.Butyoumightbewrong.Atpresent,the

nationsoftheGulfCooperationCouncilhaveacombined

nationalincomeroughlyequaltoSwitzerland's,buta

populationwhich,ataround30m,ismorethanfourtimesasbig.

Itisalsothefastest-growingonearth,havingincreasedat

ninetimestheSwissrateoverthepastquarter-century.

Meanwhiletheregion，sshareofworldoiltradehasfallen,as

hastheaveragepriceperbarrel.

Asaresult,theincomeperpersongeneratedbyGCCoilexports

hasbeendiminishingsincethe1970s.True,surgingdemandfrom

AmericaandAsiahasrecentlyboostedtheGulf'sshareoftrade,

butthemedium-termoutlookforoilpriesremainsweak.

Combinedwithcontinuedgrowthinoilconsumption,thisshould

createsustainedupwardpressureonprices.Andhighoilprices

willspeedthesearchforalternatives.Whoknows,in20years'

timefuelcellsandhydrogenpowermayhavestartedtobecome

commercialpropositions.

Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononthe

strategicimportanceoftheGulfoilis.

A.reassuring.

B.changeable.

C.paradoxical.

D.exaggerated.

17、

Bymentioning"thefiguresareaschangeableasamiragein

thedesert”,theauthoristalkingabout.

A.thewealthypeoplewholiveatopthewellsintheGulf.

B.theplanet'sfuturefossil-fuelsupplies.

C.theinconsistentestimatesonoildepositsintheGulf.

D.theoiltradedintheinternationalmarkets.

18、

Whensaying"itisstillaheftychunk”(Para.3),theauthor

impliesthat.

A.ThepeopleintheGulfwouldnotbenefitincertainways.

B.TheGulfcountriesareincomparabletothecountySwiss.

C.Continuedoilconsumptionwillcreatehighpricepressures.

D.Thesearchforotheralternativeswouldendupwith

failures.

19、

ItisgenerallybelievedthatoilproducedintheGulf.

A.willleavethelocalsinimpoverishedconditions.

B.islessthantheassessmentinaconductedresearch.

C.willdiminishtheregion，sstrategicimportance.

D.istradedratherthanconsumedbyitsproducers.

20、

Towhichofthefollowistheauthorlikelytoagree?

A.Someoftheworld'sbothersomehotspotsareneartheGulf.

B.Oilisbig,butitisnottheonlyreasontotaketheGulf

seriously.

C.Whiletheoilpricekeepsrising,theGulfisanattractive

totraders.

D.Tightenthriftregimesonoilconsumption,thesingle

remedy.

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttext

bychoosingfromthelistA一G.Thefirstandthelast

paragraphshavebeenplacedforyous.

A.ThestrainofHIVthatwasdiscoveredinSydneyintrigues

scientistsbecauseitcontainsstrikingabnormalitiesinagene

thatisbelievedtostimulateviralduplication.Infact,the

virusismissingsomuchofthisparticulargene一knownasnef,

fornegativefactor一thatitishardtoimaginehowthegene

couldperform,anyusefulfunction.Andsureenough,whilethe

SydneyvirusretainstheabilitytoinfectTcells—whiteblood

cellsthatarecriticaltotheimmunesystem'sabilitytoward

offinfection—itmakessofewcopiesofitselfthatthemost

powerfulmoleculartoolscanbarelydetectitspresence.

B.Ifthisspeculationprovesright,itwillmarkamilestone

inthebattletocontainthelate-20thcentury'smostterrible

epidemic.Forinadditiontoexplainingwhythissmallgroup

ofpeopleinfectedwithHIVhasnotbecomesick,thediscovery

ofaviralstrainthatworks1ikeavaccinewouldhave

far-reachingimplications."Whattheseresultssuggest”,says

Dr.BarneyGrahamofTennessee*sVanderbiltUniversity,“is

thatHIVisvulnerableandthatitispossibletostimulate

effectiveimmunityagainstit”.

C.Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,theanxiety

ofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwoof

therecipientshavediedfromothercauses,notoneoftheman's

contaminatedbloodhascomedownwithAIDS.Moretellingstill,

thedonorisalsohealthy.Infacthisimmunesystemremains

asrobustasifhehadnevertangledwithHIVatall.Whatcould

explainsuchunexpectedgoodfortune?

D.Attheveryleast,thenefgeneoffersanattractivetarget

fordrugdevelopers.Ifitsactivitycanbeblocked,suggests

Deacon,researchersmightbeabletobringtheprogressionof

diseaseundercontrol,eveninpeoplewhohavedeveloped

full-blownAIDS.TheneedforbetterAIDS-fightingdrugswas

underscoredlastweekbytheactionsofaU.S.FoodandDrug

Administrationadvisorypanel,which,recommendedspeedy

approvaloftwonewAIDSdrugs.AlthoughFDAcommissionerDavid

Kesslerwasquicktopraisethenewdrugs,neithermedication

canpreventorcureAIDSonceithastakenhold.Whatscientists

reallywantisavaccinethatcanpreventinfectionaltogether.

Andthat,swhatmakestheSydneyvirussopromising—andso

controversial.

E.AteamofAustralianscientistshasfinallysolvedthe

mystery.Thevirusthatthedonorcontractedandthenpassed

on,theteamreportedlastweekinthejournalScience,contains

flawsinitsgeneticscript,thatappeartohaverenderedit

harmless."Notonlyhavetherecipientsandthedonornot

progressedtodiseasefor15years”,marvelsmolecular

biologistNicholasDeaconofAustralia'sMacfarlaneBurnet

CentreforMedicalResearch,“butthepredictionisthatthey

neverwill”.Deaconspeculatesthatthis"impotent"HIVmay

evenbeanaturalinoculantthatprotectsitscarriersagainst

morevirulentstrainsofthevirus.

F.Butfewscientistsareenthusiasticabouttestingthe

propositionbyinjectingHIV一howeverweakened一intomillions

ofpeoplewhohaveneverbeeninfected.Afterall,theynote,

HIVisaretrovirus,aclassofinfectiousagentsknownfor

theiralarmingabilitytointegratetheirowngenesintothe

DNAofthecellstheyinfect.Thusonceittakeseffect,a

retrovirusinfectionispermanent.

G.About15yearsago,awel1-meaningmandonatedbloodtothe

RedCrossinSydney,Australia,notknowinghehasbeenexposed

toHIV-1,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Muchlater,publichealth

officialslearnedthatsomeofthepeoplewhogottransfusions

containinghisbloodhadbecomeinfectedwiththesamevirus;

presumablytheywerealmostsuretodie.

Order:Gisthe

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Radiationoccursfromthreenaturalsources:radioactive

materialintheenvironment,suchasinsoil,rock,orbuilding

materials;cosmicrays;andsubstancesinthehumanbody,such

asradioactivepotassiuminboneandradioactivecarbonin

tissues.Thesenaturalsourcesaccountforanexposureofabout

100milliremsayearfortheaverageAmerican.

Thelargestsinglesourceofman-maderadiationin