2023年考研外語(yǔ)考前密押卷7

考研外語(yǔ)考前密押卷7

一、UseofEnglish

1、InOctober2022,GoldmanSachsandDeutscheBank(1)

anewelectronicmarket(www.gs.com/econderivs)foreconomic

indicesthat(2)substantialeconomicrisks,suchas

nonfarmpayroll(ameasureofjobavailability)andretail

sales.Thisnewmarketwasmadepossiblebya(3)trading

technology,developedbyLongitude,aNewYorkcompany

providingsoftwareforfinancialmarkets,(4)the

ParimutuelDigitalCallAuction.Thisis"digital"(5)of

adigitaloption:i.e.,itpaysoutonlyifanunderlyingindex

liesinanarrow,discreterange.Ineffect,Longitudehas

createdahorserace,whereeach"horse"winsifand(6)

thespecifiedindexfallsinaspecifiedrange.Bycreating

horsesforeverypossible(7)oftheindex,andallowing

peopletobet(8)anynumberofrunners,thecompanyhas

producedaliquidintegratedelectronicmarketforawidearray

ofoptionsoneconomicindices.

Tenyearsagoitwas(9)impossibletomakeuseof

electronicinformationabouthomevalues.Now,mortgage

lendershaveonlineautomatedvaluationmodelsthatallowthem

toestimatevaluesandto(10)theriskintheirportfolios.

Thishasledtoaproliferationoftypesofhomeloan,someof

(11)haveimprovedrisk-managementcharacteristics.

Wearealsobeginningtoseenewkindsof(12)forhomes,

whichwillmakeitpossibletoprotectthevalueof(13),

formostpeople,isthesinglemostimportant(14)oftheir

wealth.TheYaleUniversity-NeighbourhoodReinvestment

Corporationprogramme,(15)lastyearinthecityof

Syracuse,inNewYorkState,maybeamodelforhome-equity

insurancepoliciesthat(16)sophisticatedeconomic

indicesofhousepricestodefinethe(17)ofthepolicy.

Electronicfuturesmarketsthatarebasedoneconometric

indicesofhousepricesbycity,alreadybegunbyCityIndex

andIGIndexinBritainandnow(18)_____developedinthe

UnitedStates,willenablehome-equityinsurerstohedgethe

risksthattheyacquirebywritingthesepolicies.

Theseexamplesarenotimpressivesuccessesyet.Butthey

(19)asearlyprecursorsofatechnologythatshouldone

dayhelpustodealwiththemassiverisksofinequalitythat

(20)willbesetusincomingyears.

A.created

B.generated

C.initiated

D.originated

2、(2)

A.reproduce

B.restore

C.represent

D.resume

3、(3)

A.sophisticated

B.expensive

C.available

D.established

4、⑷

A.made

B.called

C.asked

D.read

5、⑸

A.inthecourse

B.intheevent

C.inthelight

D.inthesense

6、(6)

A.when

B.until

C.nowthat

D.onlyif

7、(7)

A.extent

B.range

C.line

D.area

8、(8)

A.for

B.in

C.on

D.up

9、(9)

A.virtually

B.admittedly

C.absolutely

D.originally

10、(10)

A.assume

B.assess

C.dismiss

D.erase

11、(11)

A.them

B.which

C.that

D.whom

12、(12)

A.management

B.insurance

C.security

D.techonology

13、(13)

A.what

B.those

C.where

D.it

14、(14)

A.guarantee

B.protection

C.component

D.source

15、(15)

A.secured

B.sponsored

C.released

D.launched

16、(16)

A.lookto

B.setup

C.laydown

D.relyon

17、(17)

A.terms

B.specifications

C.concepts

D.consequences

18、(18)

A.is

B.being

C.been

D.are

19、(19)

A.emerge

B.appear

C.stand

D.arise

20、(20)

A.somehow

B.anyway

C.otherwise

D.thereby

二、ReadingComprehension

1>PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Itwasthebiggestscientificgrudgematchsincethespacerace.

TheGenomeWarshadeverything:twogroupswithappealing

leadersreadytofightinascientificdeadheat,pushingthe

limitsoftechnologyandrhetoricastheybattledtobecomethe

firsttoreadeverylastoneofthe3billionDNA"letters”in

thehumanbody.Thescientificimportanceoftheworkis

unquestionable.ThecompletedDNAsequenceisexpectedtogive

scientistsunprecedentedinsightsintotheworkingsofthe

humanbody,revolutionizingmedicineandbiology.Buttherace

itself,betweenthegovernment'sHumanGenomeProjectand

Rockville,Md.,biotechnologycompanyCeleraGenomics,wasat

leastpartlysymbolic,thepublic/privateconflictplayedout

inageneticlab.

Nowtheraceisover.Afteryearsofpublicattacksandseveral

failedattemptsatreconciliation,thetwosidesaretakinga

steptowardaperiodofcalm.HOPheadFrancisCollins(andAri

PatrinosoftheDepartmentofEnergy,animportantallyonthe

governmentside)andCraigVenter,thefounderofCelera,

agreedtoholdajointpressconferenceinWashingtonthis

Mondaytodeclarethattheracewasover(sortof),thatboth

sideshadwon(kindof)andthatthehostilitieswereresolved

(forthetimebeing).

Nooneisexactlysurehowthingswillbedifferentnow.Neither

sidewillbeturningoffitssequencingmachinesanytime

soon—the"finishlines"eachhascrossedarelargelyarbitrary

points,“firstdrafts"ratherthanthedefinitiveversion.And

whilethejointannouncementbringstheformerGenomeWarriors

closertogetherthanthey'vebeeninyears,insiderssayIthat

futureagreementsaremorelikelytotaketheform,of

coordination,ratherthanoutrightcollaboration.

TheconflictblewupthisFebruarywhenBritain，sWelcomeTrust,

anHGPparticipant,releasedaconfidentiallettertoCelera

outliningtheHGP'scomplaints.Ventercalledthemove"a

lowlifethingtodo”,butbyspring,therewerethefirstsigns

ofathaw."Theattacksandnastinessarebadforscienceand

ourinvestors”,VentertoldNewsweekinMarch,“andfighting

backisprobablynothelpful”.Atacancermeetingearlierthis

month,VenterandCollinspraisedeachother，sapproaches,and

expressedhopethatallofthescientistsinvolvedin

sequencingthehumangenomewouldbeabletosharethecredit

Bylatelastweek,thathopewasbecomingarealityasdetails

forMonday'sjointannouncementwerehammeredout.Scientists

inbothcampswelcomedanendtothehostilities."Ifthisends

thehorserace,sciencewins”.Withtheirdifferencebehind

them,oratleastsetaside,thescientistsshouldnowbeable

togetdowntotheinterestingstuff,figuringhowtomakeuse

ofallthatdata.

TherecentGenomeWarsweresymbolicof

A.theenthusiasminscientificresearch.

B.thesignificanceofthespacerace.

C.thepublicversusprivateconflict.

D.theprospectofthecompletionofDNAsequene.

2、

Thetoneoftheauthorinreportingthejointpressconference

thisMondayis

A.astonished.

B.enthusiastic.

C.disappointed.

D.objective.

3、

Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat

A.the"finishlines"doesmeanwhatitreads.

B.thesequencing'machineshavestoppedatthe"finishlines”.

C.theformerwarriorsarenowcollaborators.

D.bothsideswillworkonindependently.

4、

Theword"thaw”(Para.4)mostprobablymeans

A.aggravationintension.

B.improvementinrelation.

C.intensificationinattacks.

D.stoppageofcoordination.

5、

Thecriticalthingfacingthescientistsisto

A.applythenewly-foundknowledgetothebenefitofmankind.

B.endtheirhorseraceforthesuccessofscience.

C.getdowntotheirgenomeresearch.

D.settheirdifferencesaside

6、Atthestartoftheyear,TheIndependentonSundayargued

thattherewerethreeoverwhelmingreasonswhyIraqshouldnot

beinvaded:therewasnoproofthatSaddamposedanimminent

threat;Iraqwouldbeevenmoreunstableasaresultofits

liberation;andaconflictwouldincreasethethreatposedby

terrorists.WhatwedidnotknowwasthatTonyBlairhad

receivedintelligenceandadvicethatraisedtheverysame

points.

Lastweek'sreportfromtheIntelligenceandSecurityCommittee

includedtherevelationthatsomeoftheintelligencehad

warnedthatawaragainstIraqriskedanincreasedthreatof

terrorism.WhydidMr.Blairnotmakethisevidenceavailable

tothepublicinthewaythatsomuchofthealarmist

intelligenceonSaddam'sweaponswaspublished?Whydidhe

choosetoignoretheintelligenceandargueinsteadthatthe

warwasnecessary,preciselybecauseofthethreatposedby

internationalterrorism?

Therehavebeentwoparliamentaryinvestigationsintothiswar

andtheHuttoninquirywillreopentomorrow.Intheirdifferent

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J11

waystheyhavebeenilluminating,butnoneofthemhasaddressed

themainissuesrelatingtothewar.TheForeignAffairs

Committeehadthescopetorangewidely,butchosetobecome

entangledinthedisputebetweentheGovernmentandtheBBC.

TheIntelligenceCommitteereachedtheconclusionthatthe

Government，sfileonSaddam，sweaponswasnotmixedup,but

failedtoexplainwhytheintelligencewassohopelesslywrong.

TheHuttoninquiryisinvestigatingthedeathofDr.DavidKelly,

apersonaltragedyofmarginalrelevancetothewaragainstIraq.

TonyBlairhasstilltocomeundercloseexaminationabouthis

conductinthebuilding-uptowar.Instead,theDefence

Secretary,GeoffHoon,isbeingfingeredasifhewere

master-mindingthewarbehindeveryone'sbacksfromthe

Ministry'ofDefence.Mr.Hoonisnotaministerwhodaresto

thinkwithoutconsultingDowningStreetfirst.Atalltimeshe

wouldhavebeendancingtoDowningStreet'stunes,Mr.Blair

wouldbewrongtoassumethathecandrawalineunderallof

thisbymakingMr.Hoonthefall-guy.ItwasMr.Blairwho

decidedtotakeBritaintowar,andaCabinetoflargely

skepticalministersthatbackedhim.ItwasMr.Blairwhotold

MPsthatunlessSaddamwasremoved,terroristswouldposea

greaterglobalthreat—eventhoughhehadreceived

intelligencethatsuggestedawarwouldleadtoanincreasein

terrorism.

ParliamentshouldbetheforuminwhichthePrimeMinisteris

calledmorefullytoaccount,butlainDuncanSmith'ssupport

forthewarhasneuteredanalreadyineptopposition.Inthe

absenceofproperparliamentaryscrutiny,itisleftto

newspapers1ikethisonetokeepaskingthemostimportant

questionsuntilthePrimeMinisteranswersthem.

Welearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat

A.theevidenceshouldhavebeenmadeavailabletothe

Parliament.

B.thenecessityofwarhasbeenexaggeratedbytheCommittee.

C.Blairhadpurposelyignoredsomeoftheintelligencehe

received.

D.itwasTheIndependentthatfirstrevealedtheintelligence.

7、

TheauthorthinksthattheHuttonenquiryis

A.alsobesidethemark.

B.hopelesslywrong.

C.illuminatinginitsway.

D.wideinscope

By"chosetobecomeentangled”(Para.3),theauthorimplies

that

A.thedisputebetweentheGovernmentandtheBBCwas

unnecessary.

B.theForeignAffairsCommitteehadmixeduptheargument.

C.itwasentirelywrongtocarryoutsuchinvestigations.

D.theIntelligenceCommitteeshouldn'tmixupwiththeaffair.

9、

ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that

A.mostministersweresuspiciousofHoon，sconduct.

B.HoonwillnotdoanythingwithoutconsultingBlair.

C.BlairshouldnotdiverthisresponsibilitytohisCabinet.

D.MPsthinkthatitisBlairwhodragsthecountryintothe

war.

10、

Whatistheauthor;sattitudetowardsthePariiament?

A.Indignant.

B.Skeptical.

C.Inquisitive.

D.Critical.

11、Scholasticthinkersheldawidevarietyofdoctrinesin

bothphilosophyandtheology,thestudyofreligion.Whatgives

unitytothewholeScholasticmovement,theacademicpractice

inEuropefromthe9thtothe17thcenturies,arethecommon

aims,attitudes,andmethodsgenerallyacceptedbyallits

members.ThechiefconcernoftheScholasticswasnetto

discovernewfactsbuttointegratetheknowledgealready

acquiredseparatelybyGreekreasoningandChristian

revelation.Thisconcernisoneofthemostcharacteristic

differencesbetweenScholasticismandmodernthoughtsincethe

Renaissance.

ThebasicaimoftheScholasticsdeterminedcertaincommon

attitudes,themostimportantofwhichwastheirconvictionof

thefundamentalharmonybetweenreasonandrevelation.The

ScholasticsmaintainedthatbecausethesameGodwasthesource

ofbothtypesofknowledgeandtruthwasoneofhischief

attributes,hecouldnotcontradicthimselfinthesetwoways

ofspeaking.Anyapparentoppositionbetweenrevelationand

reasoncouldbetracedeithertoanincorrectuseofreasonor

toaninaccurateinterpretationofthewordsofrevelation.

BecausetheScholasticsbelievedthatrevelationwasthedirect

teachingofGod,itpossessedforthemahigherdegreeoftruth

andcertaintythandidnaturalreason.Inapparentconflicts

betweenreligiousfaithandphilosophicreasoning,faithwas

thusalwaysthesupremearbiter;thetheologian'sdecision

overruledthatofthephilosopher.Aftertheearly13thcentury,

Scholasticthoughtemphasizedmoretheindependenceof

philosophywithinitsowndomain.Nonetheless,throughoutthe

Scholasticperiod,philosophywascalledtheservantof

theology,notonlybecausethetruthofphilosophywas

subordinatedtothatoftheology,butalsobecausethe

theologianusedphilosophytounderstandandexplain

revelation.

ThisattitudeofScholasticismstandsinsharpcontrasttothe

so-calleddouble-truththeoryoftheSpanishArabphilosopher

andphysicianAverroes.Histheoryassumedthattruthwas

accessibletobothphilosophyandIslamictheologybutthat

onlyphilosophycouldattainitperfectly.Theso-calledtruths

oftheologyserved,hence,asimperfectimaginative

expressionsforthecommonpeopleoftheauthentictruth

accessibleonlytophilosophy.Averroe，smaintainedthat

philosophictruthcouldevencontradict,atleastverbally,the

teachingsofIslamictheology.

Asaresultoftheirbeliefintheharmonybetweenfaithand

reason,theScholasticsattemptedtodeterminetheprecise

scopeandcompetenceofeachofthesefaculties.Manyearly

Scholastics,suchastheItalianecclesiasticandphilosopher

St.Anselm,didnotclearlydistinguishthetwoandwere

overconfidentthatreasoncouldprovecertaindoctrinesof

revelation.Later,attheheightofthematureperiodof

Scholasticism,theItaliantheologianandphilosopherSt.

ThomasAquinasworkedoutabalancebetweenreasonand

revelation.

WiththeScholastics,thesearchfornewknowledge

A.stoppedcompletely,

B.speddown.

C.advancedrapidly.

D.awakedgradually.

12、

Whichofthefollowingbestillustratetherelationbetween

reasonandrevelation?

A.Theyaresimplyidentical.

B.Revelationguidesreason.

C.Theyareoccasionallycontradictory.

D.Reasonisusedtoperfectrevelation.

13、

ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2ofthetextthat

A.thepositionofphilosophyasahumbleservantwasaccepted.

B.religionhadturnintoahampertothefunctioningof

philosophy.

C.philosophersoftenquotedrevelationtosupportthemselves.

D.philosophersweresometimesreferredtoinreligious

practice.

14、

Averroesheldthat

A.Islamictheologywasoftensubordinatetophilosophy.

B.religioustruthwasnothingbutimaginativefantasy.

C.realtruthwasinaccessibletomanycommonpeople.

D.imperfectexpressionswereresultofflawedreligion.

15、

Whichofthefollowingismost1ikelytobediscussedinthe

partsucceedingthistext?

A.RelationsofSt.T.Aquinas,sachievementstoprevious

efforts.

B.HowSt.T.Aquinasworkedoutinthebalanceindiscussion.

C.Otherendeavorsontherelationshipofreasonand

revelation.

D.OutstandingfeaturesofthematureperiodofScholasticism.

16、Despitethegeneralnegativefindings,itisimportant

torememberthatallchildrenwholivethroughadivorcedonot

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J18

behaveinthesameway.Thespecificbehavior,dependsonthe

child，sindividualpersonality,characteristics,ageatthe

timeofdivorce,andgender.Intermsofpersonality,when

comparedtothoseratedasrelaxedandeasygoing,children

describedastemperamentalandirritablehavemoredifficulty

copingwithparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemore

difficultyadaptingtolifechangeingeneral.Stress,suchas

thatfoundindisruptedfamilies,seemstoimpairtheability

oftemperamentalchildrentoadapttotheirsurroundings,the

greatertheamountofstress,thelesswelltheyadapt.In

contrast,amoderateamountofstressmayactuallyhelpan

easygoing,relaxedchildlearntocopewithadversity.

Thereissomerelationshipbetweenageandchildren's

characteristicreactiontodivorce.Asthechildgrowsolder,

thegreateristhelikelihoodofafreeexpressionofavariety

ofcomplexfeelings,anunderstandingofthosefeelings,and

arealizationthatthedecisiontodivorcecannotbeattributed

toanyonesimplecauseSelf-blamevirtuallydisappearsafter

theageof6,fearofabandonmentdiminishesaftertheageof

8,andtheconfusionandfearoftheyoungchildisreplaced

intheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.Gender

ofthechildisalsoafactorthatpredictsthenatureof

reactiontodivorce,theimpactofdivorceisinitiallygreater

onboysthanongirls.Theyaremoreaggressive,lesscompliant,

havegreaterdifficultiesininterpersonalrelationships,and

exhibitproblembehaviorsbothathomeandatschool.

Furthermore,theadjustmentproblemsofboysarestill

noticeableeventwoyearsafterthedivorce.

Girls'adjustmentproblemsareusuallyinternalizedrather

thanactedout,andareoftenresolvedbythesecondyearafter

thedivorce.However,newproblemsmaysurfaceforgirlsasthey

enteradolescenceandadulthood.Howcantherelativelygreater

impactofdivorceonboysthanongirlsbeexplained?The

greatermaleaggressionandnoncompliancemayreflectthefact

thatsuchbehaviorsaretoleratedandevenencouragedinmales

inourculturemorethantheyareinfemales.Furthermore,boys

mayhaveaparticularneedforastrongmalemodelof

self-control,aswellasforastrongdisciplinarianparent.

Finally,boysaremorelikelytobeexposedtotheirparents)

fightsthangirlsare,andafterthebreakup,boysareless

likelythangirlstoreceivesympathyandsupportfrommothers,

teachers,orpeers.

Temperamental,irritablekidshavedifficultyadaptingto

parentaldivorcebecause

A.theycaretoomuchaboutthelifechange.

B.thegreatstressoftheirfamiliesdiminishestheirability.

C.theytendtolosetempereasilyandaresensitivetothe

lifechange.

D.theyarefacedwithmoreparents'fightsthantherelaxed,

easygoingchildren.

17、

ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT

A.divorceisusuallycausedbymorethanonereason.

B.asix-year-oldboymayfearbeingdesertedbyhisparents.

C.asthekidsgrowolder,theyhaveabetterunderstanding

ofdivorce.

D.ayounggirlmayfeelmoreshamefulonparentaldivorcethan

anolderboy.

18、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheimpactofdivorce

A.onkidsofdifferentsexeswillprobablychangeastheygrow

older.

B.maycausemostkids'difficultiesincommunicatingwith

others.

C.onanirritablegirlisgreaterthananoncompliantboy.

D.isalwaysgreateronboysthanongirls.

19、

Accordingtotheauthor,thereasonwhyparentaldivorcehas

greatereffectonboysthanongirlsisthat

A.allculturesencouragemaleaggressionandnoncompliance.

B.boysarealwaysinvolvedintheirparents'fights.

C.malesareusuallyviewedasthemodelsinself-controland

strongwill.

D.boysarebasicallymoreself-disciplinedthangirls.

20、

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Parentaldivorcehasanegativeeffectonchildrenall

throughtheirlife

B.Theimpactofparentaldivorceonchildrenvariesin

personality,ageandgender.

C.Boysmaybecomemoreaggressivethangirlsindisrupted

families.

D.Kidsofdifferentagesbehavedifferentlyonparental

divorce.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

C、D、E、F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Screamingheadlinesaboutstarsarrestedforeverythingfrom

spousalabusetofirearmsviolationsmakeitpainfullyclear

thatathletictalentisn'tenoughtodealwiththerigorsof

beingapro.

(41).

Ateamthatfindsitselfinseriousbehavioralstraitswill

oftenhireafamouspersontohelpdefusethesituationandhelp

polishatarnishedfranchiseimages一witnesstheDallas

Cowboysnamingextremely-cleanformerAll-Prorunningback

CalvinHill,aYaleDivinitySchoolgraduate,asaspecial

consultant.Thereisanaccompanyingcommandment,handeddown

fromonhighbytheczarsofprosports:Ifyou'reanelite

athlete,theroleofrolemodelismandatory,notoptional.

(42),

"We'rerunningabusinesswhereplayersareourproducts.It's

abusinesswithveryvisibleandprominentyoungmeninthe

forefront”,saysPatWilliams,seniorexecutivevicepresident

oftheNBA'sOrlandoMagic,afranchisethathashired“Doctor

J”,JuliusErving,asabroad-rangingambassadortothe

community,andthelockerroom."Sure,we'reprotectingthe

business,butwe'realsoprotectingthesport,too.Andhaving

abunchoflawbreakersplayingyoursportdoesn'tmakeit

attractive—tofansortosponsors.It'salsotherightthing

todofortheseyoungmen”.

(43).

Hill,whohasheldexecutivepositionswiththeCleveland

BrownsandtheBaltimoreOriolessinceendinghisplayingdays,

saysthepressureandscrutinyfacedbyhisson,DetriotPistons

starGrantHill,arefarmoreintensethanwhatheendured

duringhisdaysinthe1960sand1970swiththeCow-boys,

RedskinsandBrowns.

(44).

“Whatscaresmeaboutfreeagencyisthesamethingthatscares

meaboutsociety一thereisnolongerstabilityorasenseof

community”,saysHill,“andthat'shelpedbreakdownasense

ofteamcultureandtradition”.

(45).

Notonlyaretoday,snewprosyoungerthanever,theyhavea

healthydisrespectfortheirathleticeldersandthetraditions

oftheleaguestheyareentering,accordingtoGarySailes,a

sportssociologistatIndianaUniversity.

A.Butaskyourself:DoesJerryJones,theowneroftheDallas

Cowboys,hireHillbecauseheisgenuinelyconcernedaboutthe

psychologicaleffectsoffameonMichaelIrvin,amarriedman,

whowasfoundinahotelroomfullofcocaineandexoticdancers?

OrdoesJones,wanttoexpropriateHilTsuprightimageas

whitewashforthedamagedonetohiscashflowandcorporate

relationsbyIrvinandothermembersof“America'sTeam”?

B.”Thevaluesystemaredifferent”,saysSailes,“The

boundariesoftheirmainstreamdon'tintersectwiththe

boundariesofmainstreamAmerica.Andifyou'renotfinding

somewaytobridgethegapbetweenmainstreamAmericaandwhere

thesekidscomefrom,you'rewastingyourtime”.

C.Attheheartofallthiscounselingandconcernisthe

day-to-daypressureonaproathlete."Thereisalotofmoney

andfameinvolvedwhenyousignaNBAcontract”,saysLamont

Winston,whohandlesplayerprogrammesfortheKansasCity

Chiefs."Yetthereisnowhereinthatcontractthatsaysyou

willfeeltremendousstress,