《大學(xué)綜合英語》課件-Unit 4

AbouttheAuthor

BillBufordBornin1954inBatonRough,Louisiana.RaisedinSouthernCalifornia.NowheliveswithhiswifeandtwosonsinNewYork.BillBuford

HeattendedtheUniversityofCaliforniainBerkeley.Afterthat,hemovedtoKing'sCollege,UniversityofCambridge.HeremainedinEnglandformostofthe1980s.BillBuford

Buffordiscreditedwithcoiningtheterm"dirtyrealism",whichdepictsingreatdetailtheseamierormoremundaneaspectsofordinarylife.ProfessionalCareerAnAmericanauthorandjournalisttheeditorofGranta(1995-2007)theformerfictioneditorofTheNewYorkerregardedasoneofthebesteditorsthemagazinehadeverknownIn2001,hewassenttoEuropetobecomethemagazine'sspecialcorrespondent.BillBuford'sWorkAmongtheThugsHeatAmongtheThugs

--oneofthegreatsocial-researchdocuments

AmongtheThugs

--oneofthegreatsocial-researchdocumentsCheifThesisthetraditionalsociologicalaccountofcrowdtheoryfailstounderstandtheoftencomplexproblemoffootballviolenceasaparticularlyEnglishworking-classphenomenonHeat

HeatBufordbeginshistimeatBabboinavarietyofrolesincludingdishwasher,prepcook,garbageremoverandanyotherroledemandedofhim.Overthecourseofthebook,hisskillsimproveandheisabletobutcherahogandworkanystationintherestaurant.CentralPark

PPTmaker:黃媛媛CentralparkTypeUrbanparkLocationManhattan,NewYorkCityArea843acresOpened1857OperatedbyCentralparkConservancyStatusOpenallyearCentralParkisanurbanparkinManhattaninNewYorkCity.Theparkwasinitiallyopenedin1857,on778acresofcity-owenedland(itis843arcestoday).In1858,FrederickLawOlmstedandCalvertVauswonadesigncompetitiontoimproveandexpandtheparkwithaplantheyentitledtheGreenswardPlan.Constructionbeganthesameyearandwascompletedin1873.TheConservancyisanon-profitorganizationthatcontributesabout84%ofCentralPark'sannualbudget,andemploys81%ofthepark'smaintenancestaff.ArchitectureofCentralParkEnglishRomanticismischaracterizedbythepicturesqueidealtoblendwiththenaturalenvironment.AnotherstyleisClassicismcharacterizedbyformalsymmetryandtheuseofstraightlines,evidentinthesouthendofPark.Maybeitlookslikeanoilpaiting,butit'struel!Nighthereissilent,butnotpeaceful...FamousscenicspotsCenterParkZooDelacorteTheaterBethesdaFountainSheepMeadowStrawberryFieldsConservatoryWaterBelvedereCastleTheDelacorteTheater

Everysummer,TheDelacortetheaterperformShakespeare'splays.Themostexcitingthingisthatitiscompletelyfree.BelvedereCastle

InthesouthofDelacorteTheaterperchedonVisaRock.Asitsnamesuggests,thecastleoffersvisitorawonderfulpanoramicviewpoint.

OgdenNashIntroductiontoOgdenNashPoeticStylePoeminTextMaker:劉夢

FredericOgdenNash(1902.8.19-1971.5.19)wasanAmericanpoetwellknownforhislightverse.wasborninRye,NewYorkdiedfromCrohn'sdisease(克羅恩氏病，節(jié)斷性腸炎)enteredHarvardUniversityin1920(onlyayear)occupation:poet,author,lyricistelectedtotheNationalInstitutionofArtsandLettersin1950.electedtotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandsciencesin1965.Atthetimeofhisdeathin1971,TheNewYorkTimessaidhis"drollversewithitsunconventionalrhymesmadehimthecountry'sbest-knownproducerofhumorouspoetry".PostagestampTheUSPostalServicereleasedapostalstampfeaturingOgdenNashandtextfromsixofhispoemsonthecentennialofhisbirthon19August2002.Thesixpoemsare"TheTurtle","TheCow","CrossingtheBorders","TheKitten","TheCamel",and"LimerickOne".ItwasthefirststampinthehistoryoftheUSPStoincludetheword"sex",althoughasasynonymforgender.Poeticstyle1.surprising,pun-likerhymes,sometimesdeliberatelymisspelledforcomiceffect.eg:hisretorttoDorothyParker'shumorousdictum,Menseldommakepasses/Atgirlswhowearglasses:AgirlwhoisbespectacledShemaynotgethernectacled2.wroteinanexaggeratedverseformwithpairsoflinesthatrhyme,butareofdissimilarlengthandirregularmeter.eg:OncetherewasamannamedMr.Palliseraskedhiswife.Mayibeagourmet?Andshesaid,yousuremay.3.oftenaplayfultwistofanoldsayingorpoem.eg:"Indeed,unlessthebillboardsfall/I'llneverseeatreeatall."whichisatwistonJoyceKilmer'spoem"Trees":"Ithinkthatishallneversee/apoemlovelyasatree."IfyoushouldhappenafterdarkTofindyourselfinCentralPark,IgnorethepathsthatbeckonyouAndhurry,hurrytothezoo,Andcreepintothetiger'slair.Frankly,you'llbesaferthere.NashcomparedtheCentralParktothetiger'slair,whichshowstheunsafetyandfearpeoplefelt.Billusesthepoemtosupporthisargument:theCentralParkisdangerous.poeminthetextTheEmpireStateBuilding王紅紅Introduction

TheEmpireStateBuildingisa102-storyskyscraperlocatedinMidtownManhattan,NewYorkCity,onFifthAvenuebetweenWest33rdand34thStreets.Itstoodastheworld'stallestbuildingfornearly40years.FollowingtheSeptember11attacksin2001,theEmpireStateBuildingwasagainthetallestbuildinginNewYork,untilOneWorldTradeCenterreachedagreaterheightinApril2012.TheEmpireStateBuildingiscurrentlythefifth-tallestcompletedskyscraperintheUnitedStatesandthe29th-tallestintheworld.TheEmpireStateBuildingisanAmericanculturalicon.ItisdesignedinthedistinctiveArtDecostyleandhasbeennamedasoneoftheSevenWondersoftheModernWorldbytheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers.History

TwomenhadadreamtobuildthetallestbuildingintheworldinNewYorkCity.TheywereJohnJ.RaskobandAlfredE.Smith.Thebuilding'snamecamefromoneoftheNewYork'snicknamesasthe"EmpireState."Raskobhadworkedasabookkeeperwhoeventuallyworkedhiswayuptobethevice-presidentofGeneralMotors.Smithwasaformergovernorwhoprovedtobeanunsuccessfulcandidateduringtheelections.Theymetanddiscussedtheideatobuildingthe"EmpireStateBuilding."Firsttheyhadtofindaplacetobuildsuchabuilding.TheyfoundthatthebestsitewouldhavetobeontheoldandclosedWaldorf-AstoriaHotelonFifthAvenue,between33rdand34thstreetsThissitewasclosetoManhattan'ssoutherntipbecausetosupportheavyandtallbuildings,theyneededbedrockunderneaththem.ThismuchbedrockcouldonlybefoundinManhattan.Bedrockisanenormous,strong,deeprockthatisenoughtoholdenormouspressureandweight.Thetwopartnersalsowantedthebuildinglocatedwherebusinesswasgood.Raskobhadpaidaround$20millionfortheclosedhotel,whichwasthentorndowntobeginthisnewproject.Architecture

Theentrancewouldbefourstorieshighandthemainlobbyontheinsidewouldbethreestorieshigh.Afterthe80thfloor,thetowernarrowsuntilitreaches1,250feetaboveFifthAvenue.theobservationdeckswouldbebuiltonthe85thand102ndfloors.AtthetoptherewouldbeaTVantenna,whichwouldmakethe"EmpireStateBuilding"toatotalof1,454feettall.Thebestpart;aboutthedesignswerethattheEmpireStateBuildingcouldbebuiltbothquicklyandeasily.Thematerialswerebroughtin,intheorderthattheywereneededtoquickentheprocess.ThedeliveryofthepartsfollowedaschedulesothattheworkerscouldbuildtheEmpireStateBuildingasifitwasatoy.Beforetheconstructionstarted,amodelofthebuildingmadeoutofplasterhadtobemade.ThemodeloftheEmpireStateBuildingwas7feettallandweighed525pounds.Inpopularculture

LotsofpopularcultureinvolvestheEmpireStateBuilding,suchasfilm(Loveaffairs、SleeplessinSeattle)、Television(Underdog、HowImetyourmother)、Literature(Theshapeofthingstocome、JamesandtheGiantPeach),andotherareas.DanielBoone趙曉文DanielBoone

Born:November2,1734Reading,PennsylvaniaDied:September26,1820St.Charles,MissouriAmericanfrontiersmanandexplorer,DanielBoonewasthegreatestwoodsmanintheUnitedStateshistory.Heleftbehindmanylandsthathehaddiscovered,protected,settled,andimproved.Hewasthesubjectofmanystoriesafterhisdeaththatexaggeratedbothhisaccomplishmentsandhisflaws.

AnearlyinterestintheoutdoorsDanielBoonewasborninPennsylvania,onNovember2,1734,thesixthofelevenchildrenborntoSquireBoone,afarmerandlandspeculator,andSarahMorgan.Hisformaleducationwaslimited.HeandhisfamilymovedtoNorthCarolinain1751.Afterworkingforhisfather,Boonebecameawagoner(awagondriver)andablacksmith.In1755BoonejoinedGeneralEdwardBraddock,commanderinchiefofBritishforcesinNorthAmerica,asawagoner.WhileonmarchhemetJohnFinley,ahunter,whosetalkoftheKentuckywildernessgreatlyinfluencedBoone'scareer.WhenBraddock'scommandwasdestroyedbyaFrenchandIndianambush,Boonefledforhislifeonhorseback.ExpeditionsandsettlementIn1767BooneledhisfirstexpeditionasfarwestwardastheareaofFloydCounty,Kentucky.BooneledthefirstgroupofcoloniststoKentucky,reachingthesiteofBoonesboroughinApril1775.Laterthatyearhebroughtwestanotherparty,whichincludedhisfamily.BoonebecametheleaderoftheKentuckysettlement,ashunter,surveyor,andIndianfighter.WhenKentuckybecameacountyofVirginia,hewasgiventherankofmajorinthemilitia.

InJuly1778,hewascapturedbytheShawnee.ThoughheescapedandhelpeddefendBoonesboroughagainstIndianraiders,whileonhiswayeasthewasrobbedofmoneyothersettlershadgivenhimtobuyland.Hewasforcedtorepaytheangrysettlers.Fromthistimeon,Boonewasfollowedbydebtsandlawsuits.

BooneandhisfamilylatermovedwesttoSpain'sAltaLuisiana.TheSpaniardswerepleasedtohavehimasacolonist,givinghimalargelandgrantandapositionofleadershipinhisdistrict.However,whentheUnitedStatestookovertheland,Boone'sclaimwasdeniedonceagain,althoughCongressrestoredpartofitin1814.DanielBoonediedofnaturalcausesonSeptember26,1820CulturallegacyDanielBooneremainsaniconicfigureinAmericanhistory,althoughhisstatusasanearlyAmericanfolkheroandlaterasasubjectoffictionhavetendedtoobscuretheactualdetailsofhislife.Booneiscommonlyrememberedasahunter,pioneer,and"Indian-fighter",thoughmostpeopleareuncertainwhenhelivedorexactlywhathedid.SymbolBoonewasmoderatelywellknownfromseveralbooksabouthiswildernessadventureswhenLordByron(1788–1824)wroteabouthiminthe1823poemDonJuan.Thismadetheexplorerworldfamousthreeyearsafterhisdeathandledpeopletotellmanyexaggeratedstoriesabouthim.Loveofadventure,skillintheoutdoors,anddignityinthefaceofmisfortunemadeDanielBooneasymbolofearlyAmerica.CentralParkJoggerCase張昆明IntroductionTheCentralParkjoggercaseconcernedtheassault,rape,andsodomyofTrishaMeili,afemalejogger,andattacksonothersinNewYorkCity'sCentralPark,onApril19,1989.Theattackonthefemalejoggerleftherinacomafor12days.Meiliwasa28-year-oldinvestmentbankeratthetime.Theattackswere,accordingtoTheNewYorkTimes,"oneofthemostwidelypublicizedcrimesofthe1980sCriminalsFivejuvenilemales—fourblackandoneofHispanicdescent—weretried,variously,forassault,robbery,riot,rape,sexualabuse,andattemptedmurder.Theywereconvictedofmostchargesbyjuriesintwoseparatetrialsin1990,andreceivedsentencesrangingfromfiveto15years.Fouroftheconvictionswereappealed;theywereaffirmedbyappellatecourts.Thedefendantsspentbetweensixand13yearsinprison.UnjustVerdic