高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法兩篇

PAGEPAGE18高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講練一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)1.肯定的推測(cè)一般用must,should,may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，譯為“肯定”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“想必是”；should的語(yǔ)氣次之，譯為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”，指按常理推測(cè)；may（might），could的語(yǔ)氣最弱，譯為“也許”、“可能”。①Helen_______goonthetripwithusbutsheisn’tquitesureyet.（2005年安徽卷）A.shall

B.must

C.may

D.can②—I’vetakensomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.—It___Harry’s.Healwayswearsgreen.（2005年廣東卷）A.hastobe

B.willbe

C.mustn’tbe

D.couldbe③Ihavelostoneofmygloves.I_______itsomewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）A.mustdrop

B.musthavedroppedC.mustbedropping

D.musthavebeendropped④IfI____plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.（2005年湖北卷）A.would

B.could

C.hadto

D.oughtto2.否定推測(cè)分為兩種情況：1）語(yǔ)氣不很肯定時(shí)，常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot，譯為“可能不”、“也許不”。Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers______notlikethedesignofthefurniture.（2004年上海春季卷）A.must

B.shall

C.may

D.need2）否定語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)，則用can’t，譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩。①—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.—Well.He______havegonefar——hiscoat’sstillhere.（2005年湖北卷）A.shouldn’t

B.mustn’t

C.can’t

D.wouldn’t②—Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?—No,it_______behimI’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.（2004年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ）A.can’t

B.mustnot

C.won’t

D.maynot3.疑問(wèn)句中的推測(cè)，往往用can或could。Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How______itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）A.can

B.should

C.may

D.must4.對(duì)已發(fā)生事情的肯定推測(cè)常用“must,may,might等+完成式”；否定推測(cè)常用“can,could,may,might等+完成式”。①Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They_______atleast150kilometersanhour.（2005年重慶卷）A.shouldhavebeendoing

B.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedone

D.wouldhavedone②He_______havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbyseaside.（2005年北京卷）A.should

B.must

C.wouldn’t

D.can’t③—Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisbeabsenttoday?—Something________tohim.（2005年江西卷）A.musthappen

B.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappened

D.musthavehappened④MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe_____haveattendedyourlecture.（2000年上海卷）A.couldn’t

B.needn’t

C.mustn’t

D.shouldn’t二、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成式”1.“should（oughtto）+完成式”表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做。其否定式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。①—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—You________herlastweek.（2004年福建卷）A．oughttotell

B．wouldhavetoldC．musttell

D．shouldhavetold②Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I_____somuchfriedchickenjustnow.（2002年上海春季卷）A.shouldn’teat

B.mustn’thaveeatenC.shouldn’thaveeaten

D.mustn’teat2.“could+完成式”表示本來(lái)能夠做成某事的但結(jié)果沒(méi)能做成，含有遺憾的意味。Hepaidforaseat,whenhe______haveenteredfree.（2005年山東卷）A.could

B.would

C.must

D.need3.“needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事。例如：Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.你本不需要澆花的，因?yàn)樘炀鸵掠炅??！狢atherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.You______it.Icouldmanageitmyself.（2005年福建卷）A.needn’tdo

B.needn’thavedone

C.mustn’tdo

D.shouldn’thavedone三、常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.shall用于一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)；用于二、三人稱陳述句表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。①“Theinterest

bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides，”declaredthejudge.（2004年重慶卷）A.may

B.should

C.must

D.shall②—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—You______havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.（2004年湖南卷）A.shan’t

B.mightnot

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t③—Theroomissodirty.______wecleanit?—Ofcourse.（2003年北京春季卷）A.Will

B.Shall

C.Would

D.Do2.must用于疑問(wèn)句，表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告。①John,lookatthetime._______youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour？（2005年全國(guó)卷Ⅲ）A.Must

B.Can

C.May

D.Need②Tom,you

leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis！(2005年全國(guó)Ⅰ）A.wouldn’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.maynot3.needn’t表示“沒(méi)有必要”?！狶ucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.—She______.I’vealreadyborrowedone.（2005年湖南卷）A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t4.would表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。Whenhewasthere,he___gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.（1996年上海卷）A.would

B.should

C.hadbetter

D.might5.表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力而成功的某一次動(dòng)作，只能用was/wereableto，而不能用could。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.（1997年全國(guó)卷）A.hadto

B.would

C.wasableto

D.could6.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用作答語(yǔ)的情況①—Writetomewhenyougethome.—_______.（2001年北京春季卷）A.Imust

B.Ishould

C.Iwill

D.Ican②—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname？—Yes,you______.（1998年上海卷）A.will

B.could

C.may

D.might鞏固練習(xí)：1.Michael______beapoliceman,forheismuchtooshort.A.needn’t

B.can’t

C.should

D.may2.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI____forher.A.hadtowriteitout

B.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitout

D.oughttowriteitout3.Jack_____yet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.A.mustn’thavearrived

B.shouldn’thavearrivedC.can’thavearrived

D.needn’thavearrived4.Sir,you______besittinginthiswaitingroom.Itisforwomenandchildrenonly.A.mustn’t

B.can’t

C.won’t

D.needn’t5.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_______beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.should

B.can

C.must

D.will6.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe_____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.must

B.can

C.need

D.may7.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_______remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.can

B.will

C.may

D.shall8.Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman______besorudetoalady.A.might

B.need

C.should

D.would9.—Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.

—_______.A.Idon’t

B.Iwon’t

C.Ican’t

D.Ihaven’t10.Ididn’tseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.She____atthemeeting.A.mustn’thavespoken

B.shouldn’thavespokenC.needn’t

havespoken

D.couldn’thavespoken例題答案Key:CDBB

Key:CKey:CA

Key：A

Key:BBDA

Key:DCKey：A

Key:B

Key:DAB

Key:AB

Key:C

Key:AKey：C

Key：CC練習(xí)答案與解析1.B

從第二個(gè)分句“他太矮了”可以推知說(shuō)話者持否定態(tài)度，needn’t意思是“沒(méi)有必要”，與語(yǔ)境不符。2.C

根據(jù)句意“我已經(jīng)告訴她怎樣到那兒，但是或許我應(yīng)該給她寫下來(lái)”可知，說(shuō)話者含有“后悔、遺憾”的意味，應(yīng)使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示對(duì)過(guò)去的肯定推測(cè)，“should+完成式”才表示虛擬意義。3.C

根據(jù)第二分句“否則的話他就會(huì)給我打電話了”可知“Jack肯定還沒(méi)到”，“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。4.A

從第二分句可知，這是婦女和兒童專用候車室，因此你“不準(zhǔn)”坐在這兒。mustn’t表示“禁止，不準(zhǔn)”。5.B

can在此表示許可。6.D

從后一句“他喜歡開(kāi)車”可知說(shuō)話者把握不大。mustnot不表示推測(cè)，cannot的語(yǔ)氣太絕對(duì)，意思是“根本不可能”。7.D

shall用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾、威脅等意思。8.Cshould在此表示驚訝的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。9.B對(duì)祈使句的肯定回答用Iwill；否定回答用Iwon’t。10.D根據(jù)句意“我今天上午在會(huì)議室沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她”，所以“她根本不可能在會(huì)上發(fā)言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’thavedone形式。高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一.句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。 WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式） Smokingdoesharmtohealth.（動(dòng)名詞） WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語(yǔ)從句） Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下： 1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。 Hishobby（愛(ài)好）isplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞） Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語(yǔ)） Timeisup.Classisover.（副詞） （五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。 Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)） Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語(yǔ)從句） 賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)的。Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。 Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞） Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞） Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組） Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語(yǔ)） Heisproudtohavepassedtheexamination.（不定式短語(yǔ)） Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（九）同位語(yǔ)：用來(lái)說(shuō)明或者解釋同一事物或人，通常放在所說(shuō)明的名詞或者代詞之后?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆篗r.Smith,

ournewteacher,

isverykindtous.

YesterdayImetTom,

afriendofmybrother's.

Thefact

thathehadnotsaidanything

surprisedeverybody．★即時(shí)訓(xùn)練：指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?15.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.16.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.17.Henoticedamanentertheroom.18.Theapplestastedsweet.二.英語(yǔ)句子分類一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning. TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.三.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）：e.g.Wework.3、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.★即時(shí)訓(xùn)練：判斷簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型。1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.8.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.9.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.10.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.11.Theideasoundsgreat.12.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.13.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.14.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.15.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.四.定語(yǔ)從句講解(1)（一）定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)

1．定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。

2．先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,

which,

who,

whom,

whose,

as等；關(guān)系副詞有when,

where,

why等。

關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。例如：The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

該句中，who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the

man，

“who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the

man，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。（二）定語(yǔ)從句的分類

定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。（非限)Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou這里有人要和你說(shuō)話(限制性)（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞一覽表功能作用用于限制性從句或非限制性從句代替人代替物代替人或物主語(yǔ)whowhichthat賓語(yǔ)whomwhichthat定語(yǔ)whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)

1．who

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

Yesterday

I

helped

an

old

man

who

had

lost

his

way.

昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?/p>

That

is

the

teacher

who

teaches

us

physics.

那就是教我們物理的老師。

2．whom

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。

Mr.

Liu

is

the

person

(whom)

you

talked

about

on

the

bus.

劉先生就是你們?cè)诠财嚿险務(wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。

Li

Ming

is

just

the

boy

(whom)

I

want

to

see.

李明正是我想要見(jiàn)的男孩。

注意：關(guān)系代詞whom

在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho

來(lái)代替，也可省略。

The

man

(whom

/

who)you

met

just

now

is

my

old

friend.3．Which

指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。

This

is

the

pen

(which)

he

bought

yesterday.

這是他昨天買的鋼筆。

The

film

(which)

they

went

to

see

last

night

was

not

interesting

at

all.

他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒(méi)有。

4．that

指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who

或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。Where

is

the

man

that

/

whom

I

saw

this

morning?

我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？

The

person

that

/whom

you

introduced

to

me

is

very

kind.

你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。

The

season

that

/

which

comes

after

spring

is

summer.

春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。

Yesterday

I

received

a

letter

that

/

which

came

from

Australia.

昨天我收到了一封來(lái)自澳大利亞的信。*具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問(wèn)題：1、只能使用that,不用which的情況：*1）當(dāng)先行詞是：all,any,much;little;none;anything,everything,nothing或被它們修飾時(shí)。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么可以為你做的嗎？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必須做。*2）當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我們?cè)撟龅牡谝患率桥c(diǎn)吃的。*3）當(dāng)先行詞有：theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修飾時(shí)。例如：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我的項(xiàng)鏈不僅是丟掉的東西。*4）當(dāng)主句以who或which開(kāi)頭時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞用that,不用which或who，以避免重復(fù)。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?正穿一件紅色外套的女孩子是誰(shuí)？*5）當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，用that。例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說(shuō)確實(shí)很著名。2、只用which不用that的情況：*1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)；e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.*2)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中；作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。e.g.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday*3)先行詞本身是that時(shí)；e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime

即時(shí)訓(xùn)練：Iwilltellhimallyoutoldmeattheball.Theonlythingwecoulddowastowait.ThefirstplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall.Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesweremembered.5．Whose

通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。

I

visited

a

scientist

whose

name

is

known

all

over

the

country.

我拜訪了一個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。

He

has

a

friend

whose

father

is

a

doctor.

他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。

I

once

lived

in

the

house

whose

roof

has

fallen

in.

我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。

注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：

The

classroom

whose

door

is

broken

will

soon

be

repaired.

The

classroom

the

door

of

which

is

broken

will

soon

be

repaired.

Do

you

like

the

book

whose

cover

is

yellow?

Do

you

like

the

book

the

cover

of

which

is

yellow?

（三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。

The

school

(which

/

that)

he

once

studied

in

is

very

famous.

The

school

in

which

he

once

studied

is

very

famous.

他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。

This

is

the

boy

(whom

/

who

/

that)

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

This

is

the

boy

with

whom

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

這是我昨天跟他打臺(tái)球的男孩?！锛磿r(shí)訓(xùn)練：一、請(qǐng)分析一下定語(yǔ)從句：(請(qǐng)劃出定語(yǔ)從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞)Eg.1.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.2.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.3.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.4.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.5.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?6.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?7.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.二．定語(yǔ)從句易犯錯(cuò)誤（改錯(cuò)）1．SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome．2．Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary．3．Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished．4．Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome．5．Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth．6．Thekeyopensthebikeismissing．7．Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing．8．IstillrememberthedayonwhenIfirstcametoBeijing．9．Haveyouaskedherforthereasonwhymayexplainherabsence？10．Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate．三、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisistheman__________wantstoseeyou.2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.5.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.6.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.7.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.8.Iwillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.9.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.10.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.11.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.12.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?13.Shehateseverything_____________ismodern.14.Shewroteabookaboutthepeopleandthings_____________impressedhermostdeeplyduringherstaythere.15.Heistheonlyperson_____________waspresentatthetime.16.Thisisthebestcar_____________ismadeinChina.定語(yǔ)從句講解(2)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1．

when

指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

I

still

remember

the

day

when

I

first

came

to

this

school.

我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的那一天。

2．

where

指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

Shanghai

is

the

city

where

I

was

born.

上海是我出生的城市。

The

house

where

I

lived

ten

years

ago

has

been

pulled

down.

我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了?！绻ㄕZ(yǔ)從句分別修飾point,situation,stage,condition,degree和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”（前提是從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)）。

3.

why

指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。

Please

tell

me

the

reason

why

you

missed

the

plane.

請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。

The

reason

why

he

was

punished

is

unknown

to

us.

他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。

I

don’t

know

the

reason

why

he

looks

unhappy

today.

我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。

注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如：

From

the

years

when

/

in

which

he

was

going

to

primary

school

in

the

country

he

had

known

what

he

wanted

to

be

when

he

grew

up.

自從他在農(nóng)村讀小學(xué)時(shí)，他就已經(jīng)知道長(zhǎng)大后要做什么。

Great

changes

are

taking

place

in

the

city

where

/

in

which

they

live.

他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。

The

reason

why

/

for

which

he

refused

the

invitation

is

quite

clear.

他為什么拒絕接受邀請(qǐng)的原因是十分明了的?？偟恼f(shuō)來(lái),選擇介詞，一是根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配，二是根據(jù)先行詞和介詞的習(xí)慣搭配，三是根據(jù)句子意思表達(dá)的需要。1.考查定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)部分的搭配習(xí)慣(1)看定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配①Thedocumentswhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.②Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.A.who B.as C.aboutwhich D.withwhom(2004上海卷)(2)看定語(yǔ)從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配HereferredmetosomereferencebookswhichIamnotveryfamiliar.2.考查先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣這類考題往往要根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)選擇介詞。如：①I’llneverforgetthedaywhichshesaidgoodbyetome.②TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhich B.atwhich C.inwhich D.onwhich3，考查根據(jù)句意確定介詞①Tom,whomthewindowwasbroken,hasbeencriticizedbyhisteacher.②Iamlookingformyglasses,whichIcan’twatchTVclearly.③Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._____timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whose B.that C.onwhich D.bywhich（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which

引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

as

和which

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，

其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是：

1.

as

和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。如：

He

is

honest,

as

/

which

we

can

see.

他很誠(chéng)實(shí)，

這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來(lái)。

2.

as

引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。

which

引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as

常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如：

As

is

known

to

all,

China

is

a

developing

country.

眾所周知，中國(guó)是發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

John,

as

you

know,

is

a

famous

writer.

正如你所知，

約翰是個(gè)著名作家。

注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：

Tom

was

late

for

school

again

and

again,

which

made

his

teacher

very

angry.

湯姆老是遲到，這使得老師很惱火。

1.

當(dāng)先行詞受such,

the

same

修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。

如：

I’ve

never

heard

such

stories

as

he

tells.

我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)像他講的這樣的故事。

This

is

the

same

dictionary

as

I

lost

last

week.

這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。

注意：當(dāng)先行詞受the

same

修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用

that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思有區(qū)別。如：

She

wore

the

same

dress

that

she

wore

at

Mary’s

wedding.

她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過(guò)的同一條連衣裙。

She

wore

the

same

dress

as

her

younger

sister

wore.

她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。

(三)

以the

way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句,并在定語(yǔ)從句中當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用in

which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。如：

The

way

(that

/

in

which

)

he

answered

the

questions

was

surprising.

他回答這些問(wèn)題的方式令人驚奇。

I

don’t

like

the

way

(that

/

in

which)

you

laugh

at

her.

我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。（四）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇

用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用（即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?。試比較：

A.

I

know

a

place

________

we

can

have

a

picnic.

。

I

know

a

place

___________is

famous

for

its

beautiful

natural

scenery.

B.

I

will

never

forget

the

days

__________

we

spent

our

holidays

together.

I

will

never

forget

the

days

____________

we

spent

together.

C.

This

is

the

reason

_________

he

was

dismissed.

這就是他被解雇的原因。

This

is

the

reason

____________he

explained

to

me

for

his

not

attending

the

meeting.

(五)定語(yǔ)從句的其他要點(diǎn)*在定語(yǔ)從句的使用中，oneof后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，這個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞制約后面的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用復(fù)數(shù)；而在oneof前面theonly時(shí)，后面引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoiselected?Jasperisoneofthosepeoplewhoknowabouttheaccident.*先行詞為time時(shí)，若time當(dāng)“次數(shù)“講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，that可以省略；若time當(dāng)“一段時(shí)間，時(shí)代”講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或者介詞at/during+which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：Thisisthesecondtime__________IhavevisitedtheGreatWall.Therewasatime______________Ihatedtogotoschool.鞏固練習(xí)1.Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.

A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuilt?

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat3.Pleasepassmethedictionary____coverisred.A.whose

B.its

C.whichD.whichof4.Theman____hasarrived.

A.whomItoldyou B.thatItoldyouC.whomItoldyouabouthim D.Itoldyouabout5.Doyouknowtheperson____wearetalking?

A.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.tothat6.Theyvisitedthehouse___thegreatwriterwasborn.

A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere7.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.

A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose8.Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow,_____hewillbebackfromShanghai.

A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which10.Theschool___Istudyisanewone.

A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich11.Chinahasmanyislands,___thelargestisTaiwan.

A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whichD.ofwhich12.Thecity____mymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere.

A.what

B.whereC.thatD.which13.Ourteacherlivesinthehouse____doorfacestothenorth.

A.whichB.hisC.thatD.whose14.Doyouknowtheman___yourfathernodded?

A.whomB.towhomC.towhoD.aboutwhom15.Wrestlingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt.

A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what16.Itoldyou____Iknow.

A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.allwhom17.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,one___isLuXun.

A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofthem18.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastyear?

A.inwhichB.aroundthatC.whomD.theone19.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou,sir?

A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who20.Istillremembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress.

A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich21.Hewroteseveralsongslastyear,andthreeof_____wereverypopularamongyoungpeople.A.them B.which C.whatD.that22.Doyouremembertheday_____wespent_____climbingMountA.\;going B.when;ingoingC.onwhich;goingD.which;togo23.I’llneverforgetthedays____weplayedtogetherinourchildhood.A.which B.thatC.\ D.when24.Thereason_____hewaslatewas_____hegotuptoolate.A.why,that B.that,why C.why,becauseD.that,because25.Thereason______hetoldussoundsreasonable.A.that B.which C.why D.forwhich26.Thenews______hehaswonthemedalistrueA.thatB.whichC.\D.what27.Thenews______hetoldusisnottrue.Whichisnotright?A.that B.which C.\ D.what28.Thehouse_____havebeenbroken_____toberepaired.A.whichwindows,needs B.whosewindow,needsC.thewindowofit,needD.thewindowsofwhich,needs29.Thechildren____parentsdiedhasjustbeensenttoanorphan’shouse.A.hisB.that C.whose D.which30.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents______latethismorning.A.whoisB.whowas C.whoare D.whowere對(duì)比練習(xí)：（填空）(1)Theschool_______________heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

(2)Theschoolin_______________heoncestudiedisveryfamous.

(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine_______________youaskedfor.

(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazinefor_______________youasked.

(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger_______________wehaveoftentalkedabout.

(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingerabout_______________wehaveoftentalked.

(7)Thisisthewatch_______________Iamlookingfor.(8)Themanwith_______________youtalkedismyfriend.(9)Theplanein_______________weflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(10)Helovedhisparentsdeeply;bothof_______________areverykindtohim.

(11)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof

_______________havegonebad.

(12)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostof_______________arefrombigcities.(13)Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.

Iwillneverforgettheday

__________wespentinBeijing.

(14).Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.

Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.(15)IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.

(16).Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.

(17).Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.

(18).Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.

(19).Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.(20)Doyoulikethebook

____________shespent$10?

(21)Doyoulikethebook

____________shepaid$10?

(22)Doyoulikethebook

____________shelearnedalot?

二、直擊高考I.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空。1.

The

weather

was

very

sunny

the

following

day,

________

was

what

we

expected.

2.

The

man

about

_______

you

told

me

the

other

day

turned

out

to

be

a

thief.

3.

I

have

finished

reading

all

the

books

________

were