Unit5HumansandNature期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點(diǎn)導(dǎo)學(xué)案-高中英語(yǔ)北師大版

Unit5HumansandNature—2023~2024學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)北師大版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點(diǎn)一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)整合知識(shí)目標(biāo)Studentscanlearnsomenewwords,expressionsandgrasptheusageofattributiveclause.能力目標(biāo)Studentscanbeabletoanalyzethetypicalsentences.情感目標(biāo)Studentscanthinkindividuallyandlearncooperatively.二、思維導(dǎo)圖回顧知識(shí)三、重難知識(shí)易混易錯(cuò)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句when,where,why關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/towhich（介詞同先行詞搭配）when=during/on/in/atwhichwhose=ofwhom/whichBeijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？that代替關(guān)系副詞that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和"介詞+which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在非正式文體中that常被省略（正式文體中不可省略），例如：Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.他父親在他出生那年逝世了?！皐here”是關(guān)系副詞，當(dāng)然也可以用“that”引導(dǎo)。BythetimewhenyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.當(dāng)你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。IstillremembertheplacewhereImetherforthefirsttime.我仍然記得我第一次見到她的地方。當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing時(shí)，常用“thereis”開頭。Thereissomebodyherewhowantstotalktoyou.這里有人要和你說(shuō)話。why·關(guān)系副詞why主要用于修飾表原因的名詞（主要是thereason），同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作原因狀語(yǔ)。如：Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tshowup.我們不知道他為什么沒有來(lái)?！づc關(guān)系副詞when和where不同，why可以換成that或省略。如：That’soneofthereasons(why,that)Iaskedyoutoe.這就是我請(qǐng)你來(lái)的原因之一。·另外，與關(guān)系副詞when和where可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不一樣，why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如：他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。誤：Themainreason,whyhelosthisjob,wasthathedrank.正：Themainreasonwhyhelosthisjobwasthathedrank.(定語(yǔ)從句)when關(guān)系副詞when主要用于修飾表時(shí)間的名詞，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：We’llputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我們將把野餐推遲到下星期，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。where關(guān)系副詞where主要用于修飾表地點(diǎn)的名詞，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如：Thisisthevillagewherehewasborn.這就是他出生的村子。That’sthehotelwherewewerestayinglastsummer.這就是我們?nèi)ツ晗奶熳〉穆灭^。練習(xí)：將下列句子合并成含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。Wedon'tknowthereason.Theydidn'tstudyhardforthereason.________________________________________將下列句子合并成含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。Theshopisn'tfaraway.Iboughtthebookthere.________________________________________3.將下列句子合并成含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。Theplacehasbeenturnedintoatheatre.Thevillagersfoughttheenemytheremanyyearsago.________________________________________4.將下列句子合并成含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。IthappenedonadayinNovember.Theweatherwasverywetandcoldthatday.________________________________________5.將下列句子合并成含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。October1st,1949wastheday.Hewentabroadforfurtherstudyonthatday.________________________________________6.把下句改寫為含有whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的句子Afteranearthquake,youshouldcheckeverythinginyourhouse,includinggaspipes,waterpipes,andelectriclines.___________________________________________________________________7.Wewilldiscussanumberofcasesin_____Englishbeginnersfailtousethelanguageproperly.8.Shewassoangryatme,thoughIexplainedthereasonfor_____Igotcaughtinatrafficjam.9.IndependenceDayissetupinhonourofthedayon_____AmericadeclareditsindependencefromBritain.10.Wehavereachedastage_____wemuststarttakingeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentsoastosaveourselves.四、單元核心素養(yǎng)對(duì)接高考1.【23年吉林模擬】AsurveybytheChinaAssociationofHealthPromotionandEducationfoundthatabout200millionChinese,①_____(include)some130millionmales,weretroubledbyhairloss.Themainagegroup②_____experiencedtheproblemwas20to40yearsold.Thesurvey③_____(predict)that260millionChinesewouldsufferfromhairlossin2021.Amongmales20to40yearsold,aboutoneinfourhadsomedegreeofhairloss.Inaddition,menintheir30swerelosinghair④_____(fast)thananyotheragegroup,thesurveyfound.Womenweremorelikely⑤_____(feel)pressurefromhairloss.Some19percentofmaleparticipantssaidtheywerebeingquiteconcerned⑥_____theproblem,while30percentofwomensaidso,thereportsaid.WangWenhui,⑦_(dá)____expertwithPekingUniversityThirdHospital,saidmostofherhairloss⑧_____(patient)areyoungpeople.Shesaidthisisgenerallybecauseyoungpeoplecaremoreabout⑨_____(they)looksthanthosewhoareolder,andyoungpeople,especiallythoselivinginbigcities,oftenhavefastpacedlifestylesandareundergreat⑩_____(press)."Itismonforapersontoloseabout100hairsaday.Butiftheyarelosingmorethan200to400aday,theyshouldpayspecialattention,"shesaid.2.【23年四川成都模擬】Doyouwanttobethemostpopularpersoninyourclass?Youdon'tneedtochangeyourcharacter;youjustneedtoimproveyourpersonality.Infact,themostpopularpeople①______(love)andtrustedbecausetheystaymonbutstillhavesomethingthatmakesthemdifferent②______therestofus.Herearesomepiecesofadviceabout③______(bee)themostpopularpersonintheclass.Ifyouwanttobeaperson④______winsothers'respect,youhavetostartbylikingandacceptingyourself.Donotchangeyourselfinordertopleaseothers.Behelpfultoeveryoneanddoit⑤______(happy).Beingnicetopeopleisalmostlikehelping⑥______(they)becausebybeingniceyoumakeothershappy.Beactiveandhave⑦_(dá)_____positiveviewtowardslife.Developconfidenceinyourself.Staycleanandwearfreshclothes.Donottrytofollowfashiontobe⑧______(impress).Respectcannotbebroughtwithbig⑨______(word)andpower.Youhavetogetitbybeinghonest.Italsohelpsyourpersonal⑩______(grow).Youmustbeapersonthatcanbetrustedtogetrespect.3.【23年廣東模擬】DuringthesummerholidayIhadthechancetovisitPingtangCounty,GuizhouProvinceinsouthwestChina.It's①_____experienceIwillneverforget.TravelingtoGuizhoubyhighspeedrailfromBeijing,I②_____(astonish)attherapidchangeinsceneryfromskyscraperstobeautifultreefilledmountains③_____(rest)underaclearbluesky.Uponarrival,IvisitedthePingtangInternationalExperiencePlanetarium,whichdisplaysChina's④_____(remark)achievementsinscienceandspacetechnology.TheFivehundredmeterApertureSphericalradioTelescope(FAST)thereisthelargestoneofitskindintheworld.TovisitFAST,visitorsarenotpermitted⑤_____(bring)anyelectronicdevicesduetosecuritymeasures.Sotheymustrecordthisonceinalifetimemomentwiththeirheartsandminds.⑥_____(truthful),myfavoritepartofthetripwasmypersonalinteractionwiththelocalmunity.Followingtheinstructions,Iworkedontwomunityfarms,wenthikingandswam⑦_(dá)____afreshmunityriveralongsidefish.IwaseducatedontheregionalhistoryoftheMiaopeople⑧_____cultureisrichinfashion,food,potteryandmusic.Afterthisadventure,my⑨_____(appreciate)forChineseculturehassnowballed.WhileIamcontentlivingandworkinginBeijing,PingtangCountyinGuizhouhasopenedmyeyestotheendlesspositive⑩_____(possibility)Chinahastooffer

答案以及解析三、1.答案：Wedon'tknowthereasonwhytheydidn'tstudyhard.2.答案：TheshopwhereIboughtthebookisn'tfaraway.3.答案：Theplacewherethevillagersfoughttheenemymanyyearsagohasbeenturnedintoatheatre.4.答案：IthappenedonadayinNovemberwhentheweatherwasverywetandcold.5.答案：October1st,1949wasthedaywhenhewentabroadforfurtherstudy.6.答案：Afteranearthquake,youshouldcheckeverythinginyourhouse,andseewhethergaspipes,waterpipes,andelectriclinesareOK.解析：7.答案：which解析：句意：我們將討論英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者不能正確使用這門語(yǔ)言的一些情況。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為cases，空處應(yīng)填which。inwhich相當(dāng)于where，在定語(yǔ)從句中作抽象地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。8.答案：which解析：句意：她對(duì)我很生氣，盡管我解釋了我陷入交通堵塞的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為thereason，且根據(jù)空前的for可知，空處應(yīng)填which。Forwhich相當(dāng)于why，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。9.答案：which解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為theday，空處應(yīng)填which。onwhich相當(dāng)于when，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。10.答案：when解析：句意：我們已經(jīng)到了必須開始采取有效措施保護(hù)環(huán)境以拯救自己的時(shí)候了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為stage，表示"時(shí)期，階段"，空處在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填when。四、1.答案：including;that/who;predicted;faster;tofeel;about;an;patients;their;pressure解析：①考查介詞。句意：中國(guó)健康促進(jìn)與教育協(xié)會(huì)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，約有2億中國(guó)人，其中包括億男性，存在脫發(fā)問(wèn)題。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處及之后的內(nèi)容為列舉事例，指2億的中國(guó)人中有億男性，介詞including使用時(shí)，用于列舉事物前，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：including+列舉內(nèi)容，所以設(shè)空處填including。故填including。②考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：經(jīng)歷過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的主要年齡組是20到40歲。分析句子可知，②_____experiencedtheproblem為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Themainagegroup，指這個(gè)年齡群體的人們，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞that/who。故填that/who。③考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這項(xiàng)調(diào)查預(yù)測(cè)，到2021年，中國(guó)將有億人脫發(fā)。分析句子，設(shè)空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合前文"AsurveybytheChinaAssociationofHealthPromotionandEducationfoundthat"可知，此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填predicted。④考查比較級(jí)。句意：此外，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，30多歲的男性比其他任何年齡段的男性脫發(fā)都快。根據(jù)設(shè)空后的than可知，設(shè)空處表示比較，所以用比較級(jí)。故填faster。⑤考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：女性更有可能感受到脫發(fā)帶來(lái)的壓力。短語(yǔ)belikelytodosth.，意為"可能做某事"，故填tofeel。⑥考查介詞。句意：報(bào)告稱，約19%的男性參與者表示，他們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題越來(lái)越擔(dān)心，而30%的女性表示擔(dān)心。短語(yǔ)beconcernedaboutsth.，表示"擔(dān)心某事"，故填about。⑦考查冠詞。句意：北京大學(xué)第三醫(yī)院專家王文輝說(shuō)，她的大多數(shù)脫發(fā)病人都是年輕人。分析句子可知，此處為WangWenhui的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，泛指一個(gè)專家，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，因expert的第一個(gè)音素為元音音素，所以用不定冠an。故填an。⑧考查名詞及其復(fù)數(shù)。句意同上。結(jié)合設(shè)空后youngpeople，可知，設(shè)空處指人，patient"病人"，為可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合mostof，可知此處用復(fù)數(shù)。故填patients。⑨考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：她說(shuō)，這通常是因?yàn)槟贻p人比老年人更關(guān)心自己的外表，而年輕人，尤其是那些生活在大城市的年輕人，往往生活節(jié)奏快，承受著巨大的壓力。根據(jù)設(shè)空后名詞looks，可知此處要用形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ)。故填their。⑩考查名詞。句意同上。根據(jù)設(shè)空前的形容詞great，可知此處用名詞。動(dòng)詞press，意為"施加壓力"，其名詞形式為pressure，抽象概念，不可數(shù)，故填pressure。2.答案：①areloved②from③being④who/that⑤happily⑥them⑦a⑧impressive⑨words⑩growth解析：①這句話少動(dòng)詞，又因?yàn)槭?被愛戴和信任"，上下文都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。②固定搭配：bedifferentfrom...。③介詞后用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。④定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞。⑤修飾動(dòng)詞do，用副詞。⑥對(duì)人們好可以起到和幫助他們一樣的效果，此處用賓格。⑦此處view為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，前面要有冠詞。根據(jù)句意，是一種正面的觀點(diǎn)，因此用不定冠詞a。⑧不要靠追逐時(shí)尚來(lái)讓人印象深刻。⑨名詞的數(shù)，word是可數(shù)名詞，其單數(shù)形式不能單獨(dú)使用無(wú)冠詞，因此用復(fù)數(shù)。⑩your后應(yīng)該接名詞。3.答案：①an②wasastonished③re