2017年-2023年高考英語閱讀真題長難句解析(417-418)講義 高考英語一輪復習

長難句翻譯Ofcourse,LeonBagritcouldnotpossiblyhaveforeseenthedevelopmentoftheInternet,theworldwidesystemthatenablesustocommunicateinstantlywithanyoneinanypartoftheworldbyusingcomputerslinkedtotelephonenetworksNorcouldhehaveforeseenhowwecouldusetheInternettoobtaininformationoneveryknownsubject,sowecanreaditonascreeninourhomesandevenprintitaswellifwewantto.長難句翻譯解析Ofcourse,LeonBagritcouldnotpossiblyhaveforeseenthedevelopmentoftheInternet,theworldwidesystemthatenablesustocommunicateinstantlywithanyoneinanypartoftheworldbyusingcomputerslinkedtotelephonenetworks【語法詳析】本句的主干為LeonBagritcouldnotpossiblyhaveforeseenthedevelopmentoftheInternet。1.theworldwidesystem作internet的同位語；2.thatenablesustocommunicateinstantlywithanyone…作system的定語從句；3.linkedtotelephonenetworks作computers的定語?！驹~匯精講】foresee/f??si?/v.預見【名】foresight【記憶】fore-預先+see看→預先看到還未發(fā)生的事→預料,預見→foreseevt.預見,預知instantly/??n.st?nt.li/adv.立即【同】immediately【連】theinstant一…就…【記憶】in向內(nèi);進入+stant站,立→站進來→緊急的Idon’tforeseeanydifficultiessolongaswekeepwithinbudget.只要我們不超出預算，我看不出會有什么困難。TheEiffelTowerinParisisaninstantlyrecognizablelandmark.巴黎艾菲爾鐵塔是一個能一眼就認出的地標建筑。I’llcallyoutheinstant(=assoonas)Igethome.我一到家就給你打電話?！緟⒖甲g文】當然，萊昂·巴格瑞特不可能預測到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，這個通過使用與電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的電腦讓我們與世界任何地區(qū)的任何人交流的世界系統(tǒng)。NorcouldhehaveforeseenhowwecouldusetheInternettoobtaininformationoneveryknownsubject,sowecanreaditonascreeninourhomesandevenprintitaswellifwewantto.【語法詳析】本句的主干為so引導的并列句。1.norcouldhehaveforeseen…為部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；2.howwecouldusetheInternet…作foreseen的賓語從句；3.ifwewantto為條件狀語從句?！驹~匯精講】subject/?s?b.d?ekt/n.主題，科目，研究對象v.使臣服adj.受…支配，取決于【組】besubject(ed)to受制于【形】subjective主觀的【記憶】subject:sub-,在下，-ject,投擲，扔，詞源同project,projectile.字面意思即扔在下面，引申詞義被制服，被控制，國民，臣民。Shehasmadeaseriesofdocumentariesonthesubjectoffamilyrelationships.她拍攝了一系列以家庭關(guān)系為題材的紀錄片。Theinvadersquicklysubjectedthelocaltribes.入侵者很快就征服了當?shù)氐牟柯洹lightsaresubjecttodelaybecauseofthefog.由于有霧，航班可能延誤。WeplantogoonWednesday,subjecttoyourapproval.如果你同意，我們打算周三走?！緟⒖甲g文】他也不可能遇見我們?nèi)绾问褂没ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)獲取關(guān)于每個已知話題的信息，因此我們可以在家里的屏幕上閱讀，如果我們想的話，甚至還可以把它打印出來。長難句拓展1.Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”wascoinedaroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbecomparedtointelligenceinanimals.①小詞典consciousness/?k?n??sn?s/【詞源】conscious:con大家，scious音似“舍死（sciou-s）”。為了祖國，大家應該有舍死的意識。n.知覺，清醒；思想，意識；（群體的）觀念體系；感知，察覺neurobiology/?nj??r???ba???l?d?i/n.神經(jīng)生物學Whatisknownregardingthedevelopmentalneurobiologyofopioidsystems?請描述阿片系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育神經(jīng)生物學進展(胎兒).②句子分析：本句的句子主干是Theideafirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”wascoinedaroundthenotion。thatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousness和thatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbecomparedtointelligenceinanimals為同位語從句，分別修飾Theidea和thenotion。③參考譯文：植物具有一定意識的觀點最初形成于21世紀早期；“植物神經(jīng)生物學”一詞是圍繞植物行為在某些方面可以與動物的智力相提并論這一概念而創(chuàng)造的。2.Beginningin2006,somescientistshavearguedthatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,forming“aplantnervoussystem,analogoustothatinanimals,”saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz.①小詞典：interact/??nt?r??kt/v.相互交流，互動；相互作用，相互影響【記憶】inter表示：相互的、互相的。act表示：作為、動作。綜上所述，inter+act→相互作為，引申為：往來、交往等。Teachershavealimitedamountoftimetointeractwitheachchild.教師和每個孩子溝通的時間有限。hormone/?h??m??n/n.激素，荷爾蒙；人造激素；性激素（hormones）【記】發(fā)音想成“荷爾蒙”Whygrowthhormonetherapyisefficientinheartfailure?為什么生長激素能夠有效地治療心衰?neurotransmitter/?nj??r??tr?nzm?t?(r)/n.[生理]神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)；[生理]神經(jīng)傳遞素Neurotransmitterreleaseduringsynaptictransmissionismediatedbypresynapticactivezone.在突觸前,神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)釋放是由活動區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)所介導的.analogous/??n?l?ɡ?s/adj.相似的，類似的；（器官）同功的【記憶】ana-表示”錯誤,在旁邊,分開”analogy類比,類似(ana+logy講話=再旁邊講=講一樣的東西=類似)Sleephasoftenbeenthoughtofasbeinginsomewayanalogoustodeath.人們常常認為睡眠在某種意義上來說類似死亡。②句子分析：本句的主干是somescientistshavearguedthat，that引導賓語從句。Beginningin2006為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做時間狀語，其邏輯主語為somescientists;thatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞neuron-likecells;forming“aplantnervoussystem,analogoustothatinanimals,”為現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語，其邏輯主語為neuron-likecells;saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz為插入語。③參考譯文：自2006年以來，一些科學家認為，植物有類似神經(jīng)元的細胞，與激素和神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)相互作用，形成了“一套類似動物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的植物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，”從事此類研究的主要作者林肯·泰茲說道。3.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn’talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands.①小詞典artifact/?ɑ?t?f?kt/n.（尤指有文化價值或歷史價值的）人工制品，歷史文物；非自然存在物體，假象（=artefact）【記憶】art(藝術(shù))+i(我們)+fact(實際)→藝術(shù)art是我們i根據(jù)實際fact生活提煉出的人工制品artifact、手工藝品artifact→artifact【例句】Thismethodisverysimple,andtheoutputimagesarefreeofcoherentartifactnoise.這個方法很簡單,輸出圖象沒有相干噪聲.polymer/?p?l?m?(r)/n.[高分子]聚合物【例句】Coverageofpolymerparticlesisobviouslyinfluencedbyemulsifierstructure.顯然聚合物膠?？倲?shù)受乳化劑結(jié)構(gòu)的影響.長難句精講精練Whenwecorrelatedourmeasureswithlearningrate,wefoundthatpatternsofbrainactivitythathavebeenlinkedtolinguisticprocessespredicted///howeasilypeoplecouldlearnasecondlanguage.【詞匯】correlate...with...把......相關(guān)聯(lián)Thestudyfoundthatlackofsleepcorrelateswithpooracademicperformance.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠不足與學業(yè)表現(xiàn)差相關(guān)。)learningrate學習速度Ananalysisabouthowtheparametersoflearningrateandhistorycor-relativityimpactthepredictionisgiven.同時給出了學習速度參數(shù)和歷史信息相關(guān)度參數(shù)對預測的影響。pattern[?p?t?rn]n.模式，形式【記憶】pattern記法:pat(father)+tern(turn轉(zhuǎn)變)---由母版所轉(zhuǎn)變而來的圖案---型,模式,樣式pattern,英語單詞,主要作為名詞、及物動詞、不及物動詞?！纠洹縏heblackandwhitepatternisrelievedbytinycolouredflowers.五彩繽紛的小花使得黑白圖案不那么單調(diào)。belinkedto...與......相關(guān)Aidtoindividualcountrieswouldbelinkedtoprogresstowardsdemocracy對個別國家的援助會與其民主進程相掛鉤。linguistic[l???ɡw?st?k]adj.語言的，語言學的【記憶】-lingu-語言，舌+-ist從事某項工作的人+-ic【例句】Diachroniclinguisticsisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.歷時語言學是在語言的歷史過程中研究語言的.predict[pr??d?kt]v.預測【記憶】pre+dict說=預先說=預言【例句】Hepredictedthatmyhairwouldgrowback'innotime'...他預言我的頭發(fā)“一眨眼”就會長回來?！揪渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)】句子主干：wefoundthat...賓語從句（that引導賓從1，how引導賓從2）：patternsofbrainactivitypredictedhoweasilypeoplecouldlearnasecondlanguage定語從句：thathavebeenlinkedtolinguisticprocesses狀語從句：Whenwecorrelatedourmeasureswithlearningrat【翻譯】當我們將學習速度與我們的測量（研究）相關(guān)聯(lián)時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與語言過程相關(guān)的大腦活動模式可以預測人們學習第二語言的難易程度。Elegance,simplicityandanunderstandingofotherfieldscametomatterinaworldinwhichcomputersarefashionitems,carriedbyeveryone,thatcandoalmostanything.【詞匯】elegancen.雅致，優(yōu)雅elegantadj.【記憶】e-出+-leg-采集+-ance名詞詞尾→采集在一起遴選出優(yōu)雅的【例句】Inthedining-roomthedraperiescreateanatmosphereofelegance.在餐廳里，打褶裝飾物能營造雅致的氛圍。simplicityn.簡潔simpleadj.simplifyv.Forthesakeofsimplicity,let'sdividethediscussionintotwoparts.為了方便起見，我們把討論分成兩部分。cometomatter變得重要（關(guān)鍵）Nowwecometothecruxofthematter.現(xiàn)在我們來談問題的癥結(jié)fashionitem時尚單品Tightjeansaren'ttheonlyfashionitemontrial.緊身牛仔褲并非唯一接受人們審判的時尚單品【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】句子主干：Elegance,simplicityandanunderstandingcametomatter定語：ofotherfields狀語：inaworld定語從句（inwhich/that引導）：inwhichcomputersarefashionitems,carriedbyeveryone,thatcandoalmostanything【翻譯】優(yōu)雅、簡單和對其他領(lǐng)域的理解在一個電腦成為時尚物品的世界里變得重要起來，每個人都有電腦，它幾乎可以做任何事情。Researchonthetopicindicatesthatwhenanegotiator’sfirstofferisimmediatelyaccepted,heismorelikelytothinkthathecouldhavedonebetter,andthereforelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeagreement.【詞匯】indicatev.表明，指出，象征【記憶】in加以…+dic說；斷言+ate做，造成，使…→說出→指示Recordprofitsintheretail