Unit+1+Science+fiction+Review+useful+structures+課件-【知識精講精研】高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊+

一，課文原句分析1.ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife，Claire.過去將來時的被動形式，構(gòu)成：was/weregoingto＋be＋done2.Alltheworkhasbeenfinishedbynow.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動形式，構(gòu)成：has/have＋been＋done3.Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman，anditwasdisturbing.過去進(jìn)行時的被動形式，構(gòu)成：was/were＋being＋done4.Youareinvitedtomakeaspeechinourschool.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動形式，構(gòu)成:is/are＋done5.Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.不定式一般式的被動形式，構(gòu)成:to＋be＋done語態(tài)表示主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者

TheGreatWallisvisited

bymanypeopleeveryyear.ManypeoplevisittheGreatWalleveryyear.主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)把主動句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句Weplantsometreeseveryyear.Sometreesareplantedbyuseveryyear.

ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

Englishisspokenbymanypeople.Everyonelikesthestory.Thestory

islikedbyeveryone.時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞Theschoolwallsarepaintedeveryyear.一般過去時was

/were+過去分詞Iwasinvitedtothetalkshowyesterday.一般將來時will/shall+be+過去分詞Thematterwillbelookedintointhefuture.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+過去分詞Theshiphasbeenrepaired.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞Twomenarebeingquestionedbythepolice.過去進(jìn)行時was

/were+being+過去分詞TheroadswerebeingbuiltwhenIpassedby.常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)句型肯定句：否定句：一般疑問句：

回答：特殊疑問句：Childrenlovethesesongs.Thesesongs

arelovedbychildren.Thesesongsarenotlovedbychildren.Arethesesongslovedbychildren.Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.What

arelovedbychildren?特殊疑問詞+be+過去分詞+(by…)?主語+benot+過去分詞+(by…)Be+主語+過去分詞+(by…)?主語+be+過去分詞+(by…)

被動語態(tài)特殊情況當(dāng)動詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(有賓補(bǔ)),并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動詞不定式時，在被動語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”1)Theymakeusdo

allthework.被動句：Wearemade

todoalltheworkbythem.2)Weoftenhearhersing

songs.被動句：Sheisoftenheard

tosing

songsbyus.3)I

sawhimwalktoschool.被動句：Hewasseen

towalktoschoolbyme.

這些動詞，主動句中to離開，被動句中to回來.(let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice…)主動表示被動的情況：

1、主語是物，謂語是表示主語特征或?qū)傩缘牟患拔飫釉~。常見的這類動詞有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run等。這些動詞常與副詞smoothly,easily,well,badly等連用。例如：Themachinerunswell.Thispenwritesquitesmoothly.Thiskindofbooksellswell.

2、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等。例如：—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________(feel)verysoft.

Yourideasoundsreasonable.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.3.不及物動詞和某些短語。

takeplace,breakout,comeabout,belongto,runout等.(1)WorldwarⅡbrokeoutin1937.(2)Theshopopensat6ameveryday.4.在need,want,require,deserve等詞后用動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，也可用不定式的被動形式。Thematterwantslookinginto.Thematterwantstobelookedinto.5.beworth后接動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。但可用beworthytobedone或beworthyofbeingdone1.Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering.2.Thefilmiswellworthseeing.3.Thefilmisworthytobeseen/ofbeingseen.6.不定式在difficult,easy,hard,safe,good,fit,light等形容詞之后作狀語，且和句子主語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，用主動式表被動義。

Thebookiseasytounderstand.

Themorningairisfreshtobreathe.

Thegirliseasytogetalongwith.7.不定式作后置定語，與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語或賓語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，用主動式表被動義。

Shehassomethingtosay.

Iwillgivehimsomethingtodrink8.某些作表語用的不定式，強(qiáng)調(diào)出租，責(zé)備，解雇等，此類常用的動詞有l(wèi)et,hire,blame等。AmItoblame?我該受罰嗎?Thehouseistolet.這房屋出租。9.非謂語動詞的被動情況。

Thehousetobebuilt

nextyearisourlab.Thehousebeingbuilt

nowisourlab.Thehouse

built

lastyearisourlab.“get+done”構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)表示狀態(tài)或情況：

getmarried結(jié)婚

getengaged訂婚

gethurt/wounded受傷

getlost迷路

getdrunk喝醉了

getcaught/stuck/trapped被困

getdressed穿好衣服

getrunover被(車)軋1Whatisdonecannot_________.(undo)2Janet______________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould___________tothecakemix.(add)4A3,000-seatvenue______________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.ThentrytotranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.beundonewaselectedbeaddedwillbebuilt5Workingefficiency______________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)6Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage____________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)7Itisagreathonourformeto____________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)8WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman'ssalary________________________atthemeeting.(discuss)9WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExanimation.Heisexpectedto______________toatopuniversity.(admit)hasbeenimprovedisallowedbeinvitedwasbeingdiscussedbeadmitted1.TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityduringtheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.(2021年全國甲卷)2.Thelittlehome____________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.(2021年6月浙江卷)wasbuiltwaspainted3．“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon____________(construct)．”(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)4．Theartistwassurehewould________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)5．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_______________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.isconstructedbechosenhadbeentrappedReadtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresentsetuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnectSciencefiction_____________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand____________________.TheThree-BodyProblem,_________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.isregardedexplored/representedwrittenTheworkwasfirstpublishedinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2006andprintedasathree-volumebookin2008.Whenthefirstvolume_________________intoEnglishbyChinese-AmericanauthorKenLiu,itattractedattentionaroundtheworld,becomingthefirstAsianwinneroftheHugoAwardforBestNovel.Thebook___________________manythemessuchasspaceexploration,aliencontact,AI,andthefutureofhumans.wastranslatedrepresentsTheThree-