南京大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院《357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解合集

目錄2010年南京大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2011年南京大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2012年南京大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2013年南京大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2014年南京大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2016年南京大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題（回憶版）（含部分答案）

2010年南京大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.PhraseTranslation1．可持續(xù)性發(fā)展【答案】sustainabledevelopment2．安居工程【答案】affordablehousingproject3．特區(qū)政府【答案】SpecialAdministrativeRegion;specialdistrictgovernment4．全球變暖【答案】globalwarming5．個(gè)人所得稅【答案】individualincometax6．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)【答案】intellectualpropertyrights7．弱勢(shì)群體【答案】disadvantagedgroups;thedisadvantaged8．應(yīng)試教育【答案】exam-orientededucation9．內(nèi)需【答案】domesticdemand

10．通貨膨脹【答案】inflation11．為促進(jìn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一,就要有適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒?。【答案】reunification12．搞改革,總難免要犯錯(cuò)誤，這是歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明了的。【答案】historicalexperience13．海峽兩岸的中國(guó)人民都是骨肉同胞?！敬鸢浮緽othsidesoftheTaiwanStraits14．我們要有一個(gè)農(nóng)林牧副漁布局合理，全面發(fā)展，能夠滿足人民生活和工業(yè)發(fā)展的發(fā)達(dá)的農(nóng)業(yè)。（本題兩處劃線）【答案】Farming;Agriculture15．WTO【答案】WorldTradeOrganization世界貿(mào)易組織16．EU【答案】EuropeanUnion歐盟17．IMF【答案】InternationalMonetaryFund國(guó)際貨幣基金組織18．APEC【答案】Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織19．UNESCO【答案】UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,CulturalOrganization聯(lián)合

國(guó)教科文組織20．CNN【答案】CableNewsNetwork美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)21．Pentagon【答案】五角大樓(美國(guó)國(guó)防部)22．Globalization【答案】全球化23．ELNino【答案】厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象24．Apartheid【答案】種族隔離制25．AlthoughnolongerslavesaftertheCivilWar,AmericanblackstooknosignificantartinthelifeofwhiteAmericaexceptasservantsandlaborers.【答案】美國(guó)白人26．Hisgrandmotherwasagypsywomanonce,butsettledtherewhentheboysmotherwasborn.【答案】吉普賽人27．FourdaysafterliftoffonJuly20,theEaglelandingcraftfelltoanaltitudeoftenmiles,thenfireditsrockettoslowitselfoutoforbitandintodescent（本題兩處劃線）【答案】發(fā)射，起飛;登陸艇28．The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMEconflicton

thebasisofIsraeliwithdrawalfromtheoccupiedterritoriesandArabsacknowledgementofIsraelsrighttoexist.【答案】中東沖突II.PassagetranslationSectionAChinesetoEnglishInanyotherweek,todaywouldmerelybeThursdayandthegatheringofallthesepeoplethecookingandservingandcleaningachore.Buttodayitdoesn’tfeelthatway.Thehostperhapsitsyoustandsupandasksthatwegivethanks,andwedo,eachinourownway.Andwhatwe’rethankfulforissimplythis,thefood,theshelter,thecompanyand,aboveall,thesenseofbelonging.Asholidaysgo,Thanksgivingisinsomewaysthemostphilosophical.Todaywetrynottotakeforgrantedthethingswealmostalwaystakeforgranted.Wetry,ifonlyinthatbriefpausebeforetheeatingbegins,toseethroughthewell-wornpatternsofourlivestowhatliesbehindthem.Inotherwords,wetrytounderstandhowveryrichweare,whetherwefeelveryrichornot.TodayisoneofthefewtimesmostAmericansconsciouslysetdesireaside,ifonlybecausedesireisincompatiblewiththegratitudenottomentiontheabundancethatThanksgivingsummons.It’stemptingtothinkthatoneThanksgivingisprettymuchlikeanother,exceptfordifferencesintheguestlistandtherecipes.Butitisn’ttrue.Thisisalwaysafeastaboutwherewearenow.Thanksgivingreflectsthecomplexionoftheyearwe’rein.Someyearsitfeelsbuoyant,almostjubilantinnature.OtheryearsitseemsmarkedbyaconspicuoushumilityuncommoninthecalendarofAmericanemotions.Andthisyear?WewillprobablyrememberthisThanksgivingasabanquetofmixedemotions.Thisis,afterall,aprofoundlyAmericanholiday.Theundertowofbusinessasusualseemsespeciallystrongthisyear.Theshadowofawarandmisgivingsoverthefutureloominthemindsofmanyofus.MostyearsweenjoytheprivacyofThanksgiving,butthisyear,somehow,theholidayfeelslikepartofapublicefforttorememberandreclaimfor

ourselveswhatitmeanstobeAmerican.Thatmeansgivingthanksforsomefundamentalprinciplesthatshouldbehonoredeverydayoftheyearinthelifeofthesenationprinciplesofgenerosity,toleranceandinclusion.Thisisafeastthatnooneshouldbeturnedawayfrom.Theabundanceofthefoodpiledonthetableshouldsignifythatthereisplentyforall,plentytobeshared.Thewelcomewefeelmakessenseonlyifwealsoextendittoothers.【參考譯文】在一年中其他星期，今天也只不過(guò)是個(gè)普通的星期四，所有的人聚在一起做飯上菜，清洗杯盤，少不了麻煩一番。但是今天則不感覺麻煩。主人—也可能是你—會(huì)站起來(lái)邀我們說(shuō)一些感激的話，我們也會(huì)以自己的方式表示感激。我們感激的無(wú)非是裹腹之物、棲身之所、親友陪伴，最重要的是那份歸屬感。在眾多的節(jié)日里，感恩節(jié)可以說(shuō)是最令人深思的節(jié)日。今天我們會(huì)開始珍視那些習(xí)以為常的東西。要是我們?cè)谖撮_動(dòng)就餐之時(shí)祈禱片刻，我們會(huì)看到在一成不變的生活背后的真正含義。換言之，我們會(huì)覺得我們是如此富有也或者不是，我們也會(huì)認(rèn)為自己是富有的。今天是難得美國(guó)人會(huì)把欲望擱置一邊的幾個(gè)節(jié)日之一，哪怕是因?yàn)橛透卸鞴?jié)說(shuō)倡導(dǎo)的感恩總是格格不入，更不用說(shuō)那一桌馮勝的菜肴了。人們不禁會(huì)覺得，除了賓客和菜式不同，感恩節(jié)年年依舊。然而則不然。這總是我們現(xiàn)在正享受的節(jié)日。感恩節(jié)反映我們這一年來(lái)的過(guò)得好壞與否。有些年這個(gè)節(jié)日是令人愉快的，幾乎整個(gè)都是喜氣洋洋的。有些年，它可能充滿了美國(guó)人通常不會(huì)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的謙卑。那么今年呢？我們可能記住的是感恩節(jié)好似一個(gè)交織著復(fù)雜情感的盛宴。畢竟，這是一個(gè)具有深遠(yuǎn)意義的美國(guó)特色節(jié)日之一。一如既往的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退在今年尤顯嚴(yán)重。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的陰影和對(duì)未來(lái)的擔(dān)憂一直盤踞在我們?cè)S多人的腦海中。很多年我們享受著感恩節(jié)帶給我們的愉悅，但是今年，它像是我們和國(guó)人一起努力去記住和沉思對(duì)作為美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)它意味著什么。那么它意味著我們應(yīng)該對(duì)一些基本原則而感恩，一些應(yīng)該在這個(gè)國(guó)家生活每日被推崇的原則，也就是慷慨，容忍和包容的原則。這是一個(gè)不會(huì)

有人會(huì)拒絕的節(jié)日。堆在桌上豐富的食物應(yīng)該意味著還有很多可以被分享的食物。我們感受到的感激只有在別人也感激我們的時(shí)候才會(huì)顯得有意義。SectionBEnglishtoChinese上個(gè)世紀(jì)中，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的各個(gè)部門以前所未有的速度迅猛地向前發(fā)展，科學(xué)家們?cè)诨A(chǔ)研究領(lǐng)域取得一系列突破性進(jìn)展，由此產(chǎn)生的大量應(yīng)用技術(shù)得以迅速推廣，人們的生活質(zhì)量大大提高，人類社會(huì)在這100年中創(chuàng)造出了比過(guò)去一個(gè)千年還要多的物質(zhì)財(cái)富，人類社會(huì)由此呈現(xiàn)出空前的繁榮景象!然而，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)每個(gè)領(lǐng)域里的驚人進(jìn)步，我們的面前展現(xiàn)出越來(lái)越廣闊的未知世界，傳統(tǒng)的觀念和理論受到有力的沖擊，新技術(shù)革命的浪潮已經(jīng)并且還在引起生產(chǎn)組織、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和社會(huì)生活的重大變革。從某種意義上說(shuō)，科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展也給人類社會(huì)，尤其是給眾多富有社會(huì)責(zé)任感的科學(xué)家和學(xué)者們帶來(lái)了新的挑戰(zhàn)，如何給予科學(xué)發(fā)展更多的人文關(guān)懷，如何在科學(xué)技術(shù)日新月異的時(shí)代建設(shè)一個(gè)和平友愛，保持均衡、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的綠色世界，成為當(dāng)前最重要的課題之一!【參考譯文】Inthe20thcentury,everydivisionofmodernscienceandtechnologyadvancedatanunprecedentedspeed.Breakthroughsweremadeinfundamentalresearchfields.Fromtheachievementsinthesefields,alargeamountoftechnologyderivedandwasquicklyapplied,whichcontributedtothedramaticimprovementofhumanlife.Thewealthproducedinthisonehundredyearsexceededthewealthaccumulatedinthepreviousonethousandyears.Thehumansocietyhasshownanunprecedentedprosperity.However,withtheremarkabledevelopmentineveryfieldofscienceandtechnology,theworldofunknownhasgraduallyunveileditself.Theconventionalvaluesandprincipleshavebeenchallenged.Thewaveofthenewtechnologicalrevolutionhastriggeredsignificantreformationsinproductionorganizations,industrystructure,societyandlife.Inasense,thescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmenthasbroughtnew

challengestohumanity,especiallytothoseresponsiblescientistsandscholars.HowtobringmorehumanitytoscientificadvancementHowtobuildagreenworldwithpeaceandbalanced,sustainabledevelopmentinanagewitharocketingadvancementinscienceandtechnologyCurrently,thesearetopicsofutmostimportance.

2011年南京大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.PhraseTranslation1．WHO【答案】WorldHealthOrganization世界衛(wèi)生組織2．CBD【答案】CentralBusinessDistrict中央商業(yè)區(qū)，中心商務(wù)區(qū)3．CPU【答案】CentralProcessingUnit中央處理器4．IMF【答案】國(guó)際貨幣基金組織(InternationalMonetaryFund)5．ISO【答案】InternationalOrganizationforStandardization國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織6．OPEC【答案】OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries石油輸出國(guó)組織7．UNESCO【答案】聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織(UnitedNationsEducational，ScientificandCulturalOrganization)8．Euromart【答案】EuropeanCommonMarket歐洲共同市場(chǎng)9．GuinessBookofRecord

【答案】吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄10．negativepopulationgrowth【答案】人口負(fù)增長(zhǎng)11．theEuropeanEconomicCommunity【答案】歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體12．WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization【答案】世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織13．Globalwarmingisbelievedtobetheresultsofanenhancedgreenhouseeffect.【答案】全球變暖被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)增強(qiáng)的溫室效應(yīng)的結(jié)果14．TheEnglishsystemofhousebuyingdependsinitiallyuponagentleman’sagreementbetweenthebuyerandthesellerwithoutanybackingfromthelaw.【答案】英國(guó)的買房制度最初是依賴買賣雙方?jīng)]有法律支持的君子協(xié)定15．TheI-steelisfrequentlyusedinconstruction.【答案】工字形鋼常被用在建筑施工中16．安居工程【答案】AffordableHousingProject17．不可再生資源【答案】non-renewableresources18．多黨合作制

【答案】thesystemofmulti-partycooperation19．工業(yè)園區(qū)【答案】industrialparks/zones20．綠色食品【答案】greenfood21．泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)【答案】bubbleeconomy22．人才流失【答案】braindrain23．售后服務(wù)【答案】after-saleservice24．技術(shù)下鄉(xiāng)【答案】spreadtechnologicalknowledgetofarmers25．可持續(xù)發(fā)展【答案】sustainabledevelopment26．老字號(hào)【答案】time-honoredbrands;anoldandfamousshoporenterprise27．臺(tái)灣回歸祖國(guó)，完成統(tǒng)一大業(yè)是我們這一代人光榮的歷史使命【答案】ThereturnofTaiwantotheembraceoftheMotherlandandtheaccomplishmentofnationalreunificationisthegreatandglorioushistoricalmissionofusthisgeneration.

28．學(xué)分制【答案】creditsystem29．獨(dú)立關(guān)稅地區(qū)【答案】separatecustomsterritory30．精神文明【答案】culturalandideologicalprogress;spiritualcivilizationII.PassagetranslationSectionAChinesetoEnglishTheIndustrialRevolutionisalongtrainofchangesstartingabout1760.Itisnotalone:itformsoneofatriadofrevolutions,ofwhichtheothertwoweretheAmericanRevolutionthatstartedin1775,andtheFrenchRevolutionthatstartedin1789.Itmayseemstrangetoputintothesamepacketanindustrialrevolutionandtwopoliticalrevolutions.Butthefactisthattheywereallsocialrevolutions.TheIndustrialRevolutionissimplytheEnglishwayofmakingthosesocialchanges.IthinkofitastheEnglishRevolution.WhatmakesitespeciallyEnglish?Obviously,itbeganinEngland.Englandwasalreadytheleadingmanufacturingnation.Butthemanufacturewascottageindustry,andtheIndustrialRevolutionbeginsinthevillages.Themenwhomakeitarecraftsmen:themillwright,thewatchmaker,thecanalbuilder,andtheblacksmith.WhatmakestheIndustrialRevolutionsopeculiarlyEnglishisthatitisrootedinthecountryside.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,intheoldageofNewtonandthedeclineoftheRoyalSociety,EnglandbaskedinalastIndiansummerofvillageindustryandtheoverseastradeofmerchantadventurers.Thesummerfaded.Tradegrewmorecompetitive.Bytheendofthecenturytheneedsofindustrywereharsherandmorepressing.Theorganizationofworkinthecottagewasnolongerproductiveenough.Withintwogenerations,roughlybetween1760and1820,thecustomarywayofrunningindustrychanged.

Before1760,itwasstandardtotakeworktovillagersintheirownhomes.By1820,itwasstandardtobringworkersintoafactoryandhavethemoverseen.【參考譯文】工業(yè)革命是開始于1760的一系列變革。它絕非是唯一的：它是三場(chǎng)革命中的一場(chǎng)，另外兩場(chǎng)革命分別是始于1775的美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和始于1789年的法國(guó)大革命。把工業(yè)革命與兩場(chǎng)政治革命放在一起來(lái)討論似乎有些奇怪。但是事實(shí)上它們都是社會(huì)革命。工業(yè)革命只是以英國(guó)化的方式使社會(huì)發(fā)生改變，我把他看成英國(guó)革命。是什么使這次革命極其英國(guó)化？很顯然，它開始于英格蘭。英格蘭已經(jīng)是領(lǐng)先的生產(chǎn)國(guó)，但是制造業(yè)都是家庭手工業(yè)，因此工業(yè)革命在鄉(xiāng)村開始的。發(fā)起這次革命的是一些工匠，包括造水車工匠、鐘表匠、運(yùn)河建造者以及鐵匠。使工業(yè)革命如此英國(guó)化的因素是它植根于農(nóng)村。在十八世紀(jì)上半葉，在牛頓生命的晚期，在英國(guó)皇家協(xié)會(huì)不斷衰落中，英格蘭的鄉(xiāng)村工業(yè)和商業(yè)冒險(xiǎn)家的海外貿(mào)易在最后的興旺中大大受益。鼎盛時(shí)期開始走下坡路了，貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)越來(lái)越激烈。十八世紀(jì)末，工業(yè)需求越來(lái)越嚴(yán)酷，越來(lái)越緊迫。家庭手工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)組織方式滿足不了需求。兩代之內(nèi)，大體上從1760年到1820年，經(jīng)營(yíng)工業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)方式發(fā)生了改變。在1760年前，把工作帶到村民們家里做是當(dāng)時(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。到1820年，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是把工人帶到工廠里去工作并監(jiān)控他們的行為。SectionBEnglishtoChinese中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深，源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。早在2000多年前，就產(chǎn)生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學(xué)說(shuō)和以老莊為代表的道家學(xué)說(shuō)，以及其他許多也在中國(guó)思想史上有地位的學(xué)說(shuō)流派，這就是有名的“諸子百家”。從孔夫子到孫中山，中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化有它的許多珍貴品質(zhì)，許多人民性和民主性的好東西。比如，強(qiáng)調(diào)仁愛，強(qiáng)調(diào)群體，強(qiáng)調(diào)和而不同，強(qiáng)調(diào)天下為公。特別是“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”的愛國(guó)情找，“民為邦本”，“民貴君輕”的民本思想，“己所不欲勿施于人”的待人之道，吃苦耐勞，勤儉持家，尊師重教的傳統(tǒng)美德，世代相傳。所有這些，對(duì)家庭，國(guó)家和社會(huì)起到了巨大的維系與調(diào)節(jié)作用?！緟⒖甲g文】

ThetraditionalChineseculture,bothextensiveandprofound,startsfarbackandrunsalong,longcourse.Morethan2,000yearsago,thereemergedinChinaConfucianismrepresentedbyConfuciusandMencius,TaoismrepresentedbyLaoZiandZhuangZi,andmanyothertheoriesanddoctrinesthatfiguredprominentlyinthehistoryofChinesethought,allbeingcoveredbythefamousterm”themasters’hundredschools.”ThetraditionalChineseculturepresentsmanypreciousideasandqualities,whichareessentiallypopulistanddemocratic.Forexample,theylaystressontheimportanceofkindnessandloveinhumanrelations,ontheinterestofthecommunity,onseekingharmonywithoutuniformityandontheideathattheworldisforall.Especially,patriotismasembodiedinthesaying“Everybodyisresponsiblefortheriseorfallofthecountry”;thepopulistideasthat“peoplearethefoundationofthecountry”andthat“peoplearethemoreimportantthanthemonarch”;thecodeofconductof“Treatothersasyouwanttobetreated”.Andthetraditionalvirtuestaughtfromgenerationtogeneration:enduranceandhardworkingdiligenceandfrugalityinhouseholdmanagement,andrespectingteachersandvaluingeducation.Allofwhichhaveplayedagreatroleinbindingandregulatingthefamily,thecountryandthesociety.

2012年南京大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.PhraseTranslation（30points）1．不可再生資源【答案】non-renewableresources2．泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)【答案】bubbleeconomy3．通貨緊縮【答案】deflation4．財(cái)政赤字【答案】fiscaldeficit5．參政議政【答案】participateintheadministrationanddiscussionofstateaffairs6．人才流失【答案】braindrain7．扶貧【答案】povertyalleviation8．春蕾計(jì)劃【答案】SpringBudsProgram9．按揭貸款【答案】mortgageloans

10．網(wǎng)民【答案】netizen11．用戶在技術(shù)交流時(shí)，向貴方專家提出了許多問(wèn)題?！敬鸢浮縬uestions12．中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題，各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)務(wù)必優(yōu)先考慮。【答案】issue13．一座大廈如果有了白蟻，不加防治，不到十年時(shí)間，里面的地板就會(huì)被蝕蛀一空?！敬鸢浮縋reventionandtreatment14．我們要有一個(gè)農(nóng)林牧副漁布局合理，全面發(fā)展，能夠滿足人民生活和工業(yè)發(fā)展的發(fā)達(dá)的農(nóng)業(yè)。（本題兩處劃線）【答案】Farming;agriculture15．EU【答案】歐盟（EuropeanUnion）16．IMF【答案】國(guó)際貨幣基金組織（InternationalMonetaryFund）17．APEC【答案】亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)18．YOG【答案】青奧會(huì)(YouthOlympicGames)19．FIFA

【答案】國(guó)際足球聯(lián)盟（FederationInternationaledeFootballAssociation）20．ISBN【答案】國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖書編號(hào)（InternationalStandardBookNumber）21．sovereigncreditrating【答案】主權(quán)信用評(píng)級(jí)22．webcasting【答案】網(wǎng)播，網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播23．nosmokewithoutfire【答案】無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪24．lookforaneedleinahaystack.【答案】大海撈針25．Inthenegative,rightandleft,andblackandwhitearereversed.【答案】照片底片26．LastDecember,WashingtonPostfirstreportedthatinvestigationswerebeingmadeineachoft-hecites,butofficialsrefusedtoconfirmthestory.【答案】報(bào)道27．Slowly,Apollo11begantorise.Thesoundoftheliftoffoverwhelmedthescreamsofmillionsofspectators,manyofwhomnowcalledinunison,“Go!Go!Go!Go!”【答案】覆蓋，淹沒28．Ihadbeenoverwhelmedbyherbeautyandhersmile.

【答案】征服，俘虜29．Shetriedtorightherhusbandfromthechargeofbribery.【答案】伸冤，申辯，擺脫II.Passagetranslation(120points)SectionAChinesetoEnglishWhenscientistsevaluatetheconnectionbetweentornadosandclimatechange,therearereallytwobigquestionsthey’reasking:First,arethe2011tornadoespartofatrend?Hastornadoactivitychangedalongwithrisingglobaltemperaturessofar?Second,scientistsaskwhetherthefactorsthatcreatetornadoeshavebeenaffectedbyclimatechange,andwhetherthosefactorsarelikelytobeaffectedinthefuture.Thisiswherealltheuncertaintycomesin.Foronething,ourdataontornadotrendsisimperfect.Atfirstglance,youmightthinkthenumberoftornadoeshasincreasedsincethe1990s.Butmostofthatisactuallytheresultofbettertechnologyimprovingourabilitytospotsmaller,weakertornadoes,andtonoticetornadoesinplaceswherefewpeoplelive,accordingtotheNationalOceanographicandAtmosphericAdministration.Baddatameansthatwecan’treliablysaywhethertornadocountsareincreasing.So,instead,NOAAlooksatthevariables.Tornadoesaresomewhatrandomthings.Wecanfindfactorsthatareassociatedwithtornadoformation–thingslikemoisturecontentintheatmosphere,quickchangesinwindspeedanddirection,andwhatmeteorologistscallthermodynamicinstability,basicallymixingbetweenlayersofwarmairandcoolerair.Butjustbecausethosefactorsexistdoesn’tnecessarilymeanatornadowillappear.Therearemanythingsthatcanaffectthesefactorsthatmaketornadoesmorelikely.Scientistshavefoundthatclimatechangeissomethingthatcanaffecttornadoconditions.ButwhenNOAAlookedatdataforthepast30years’worthofAprilsintheMississippiValley,theydidn’tseeevidenceofanytrendsthatwouldmeantornadoweatherisalreadybecomingmorefrequent.

Becauseofthat,NOAAsaysitwouldbeproblematictoclaimtherecentspateoftornadoesintheSoutheastwerecausedbyclimatechange.Butthat’snotthesameassayingtornadoescan’tbecausedbyclimatechange.It’snotthesamethingassayingthatclimatechangeisn’tacontributingfactor.Orthattornadoeswon’tbecausedbyclimatechangeinthefuture.It’snoteventhesameassayingthat,yearsfromnow,withbetterdataandtechnology,wewon’tlookbackandseeatrendhappeningthatisn’tobvioustoday.NOAA’sassessmentisbasedonindirectevidencefocusedononeareaofonecountry.Thebigquestion–Aretornadoescausedbyclimatechange?–ismadeupoflotsoflittlequestions.Andwedon’tknowalltheanswerstothelittlequestionsyet.【參考譯文】當(dāng)科學(xué)家研究龍卷風(fēng)和氣候變化之間的聯(lián)系時(shí)，他們提出了兩個(gè)確實(shí)存在的問(wèn)題：第一，2011年的龍卷風(fēng)是一種趨勢(shì)么？到目前為止，龍卷風(fēng)的活動(dòng)（軌跡）會(huì)隨著全球氣溫升高而改變么？第二，科學(xué)家想知道氣候變化是否影響了龍卷風(fēng)的形成因素，未來(lái)這些因素是否可能會(huì)受到影響。這就是所有不確定性的根源。一方面，我們有關(guān)龍卷風(fēng)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的數(shù)據(jù)還不完善。乍一看，你可能會(huì)覺得從20世紀(jì)90年代開始龍卷風(fēng)發(fā)生的數(shù)量就增加了，但事實(shí)上其中大部分都是我們根據(jù)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局的預(yù)測(cè)，并采用更高的技術(shù)而發(fā)現(xiàn)的那些小規(guī)模的龍卷風(fēng)，還有些是在無(wú)人居住地區(qū)發(fā)生的。數(shù)據(jù)不完善指的是我們不能確切地說(shuō)龍卷風(fēng)的數(shù)量是否增加了。所以，美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋大氣局反而去關(guān)注變量。龍卷風(fēng)怎么說(shuō)都是極少數(shù)天氣現(xiàn)象。我們可以找到與龍卷風(fēng)形成相關(guān)的因素，如大氣中的含水量，風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向的快速變化，氣象學(xué)家稱之為熱力學(xué)不穩(wěn)定，主要是混合在暖空氣層和冷空氣層之間。但僅僅因?yàn)檫@些因素的存在并不一定意味著龍卷風(fēng)會(huì)出現(xiàn)。這些因素會(huì)受到很多外界的影響，使得龍卷風(fēng)更可能發(fā)生?？茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候變化確實(shí)是影響龍卷風(fēng)的條件。但是當(dāng)美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋大氣局查看過(guò)去30年來(lái)密西西比河谷地區(qū)四月份發(fā)生龍卷風(fēng)的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，他們并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)可以表明龍卷風(fēng)的發(fā)生已經(jīng)變得越來(lái)越頻繁的證據(jù)。因此，美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋大氣局說(shuō)最近發(fā)生在東南部的龍卷風(fēng)是由氣候變化

引起的，這種說(shuō)法是有問(wèn)題的。但這并不等同于說(shuō)龍卷風(fēng)不是由氣候變化引起的?；蛘咭院簖埦盹L(fēng)不會(huì)因?yàn)闅夂蜃兓l(fā)生。甚至并不是說(shuō)從現(xiàn)在開始有了更完善的數(shù)據(jù)和更高端的技術(shù)，我們就不會(huì)回頭去看過(guò)去的情況，也許我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于今天來(lái)說(shuō)并不明顯的趨勢(shì)呢。美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋大氣局的測(cè)定是以一個(gè)國(guó)家的其中一個(gè)地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)為直接基礎(chǔ)的。最大的問(wèn)題——龍卷風(fēng)是有氣候變化引起的么？——是由許多小問(wèn)題組成的。但現(xiàn)在就連最基本的小問(wèn)題的答案我們還不得而知呢。SectionBEnglishtoChinese有時(shí)候，在工作中重要的倒是能否處理好人際關(guān)系而不是有很多的才能。人際關(guān)系就是一種善于聽取別人的意見，體察別人的需要，虛心接受批評(píng)的能力。善于處理人際關(guān)系的人敢于承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，敢于承擔(dān)自己的責(zé)任，這是對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤的一種成熟和負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度。這就是為什么許多平平庸庸的公司雇員在大調(diào)整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反到下崗。因?yàn)樗麄兒茏⒁馓幚砀鞣矫娴年P(guān)系，所以八面玲瓏，到處有緣。而人際關(guān)系差的人往往不能處理好批評(píng)。碰到錯(cuò)誤，他們首先想到自己，拒不承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，或情緒低落或大發(fā)雷霆。【參考譯文】Sometimesitisinterpersonalskillsratherthanprofessionalskillsthatreallycountsinyourcareer.Interpersonalskillsarenothingbuttheabilitytobegoodlistener,tobesensitivetowardothers’needs,totakecriticismwell.Peoplewithskillinsocialrelationsadmittheirmistakes,andtaketheirshareofblame,whichisamatureandresponsiblewaytohandleanerror.Thatiswhymanymediocreemployeessurviveviolentcorporateupheavalswhilepeopleofgreattalentarebeinglaidoff.Sensitiveintheirdealingwithothers,theyarewelllikedeverywhere.Peoplewithpoorinterpersonalskillshavetroubletakingcriticism.Whenconfrontedwithamistake,theylettheiregogetintheway.Theydenyresponsibilityandbecamemoodyorangry.Theymarkthemselvesas“prickly”.

2013年南京大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.PhraseTranslation1．WHO【答案】世界衛(wèi)生組織(WorldHealthOrganization)2．CBD【答案】中央商務(wù)區(qū)(CentralBusinessDistrict)3．YOG【答案】青奧會(huì)(YouthOlympicGames)4．IMF【答案】國(guó)際貨幣基金組織(InternationalMonetaryFund)5．ISO【答案】國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織(InternationalStandardOrganization)6．OPEC【答案】石油輸出國(guó)組織(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)7．UNESCO【答案】聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)8．Euromart【答案】歐洲共同市場(chǎng)(EuropeanCommonMarket)9．GuinessBookofRecord

【答案】吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄10．negativepopulationgrowth【答案】人口負(fù)增長(zhǎng)11．theEuropeanEconomicCommunity【答案】歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體(theEuropeanEconomicCommunity)12．WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization【答案】世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織13．greenhouseeffect【答案】溫室效應(yīng)14．gentleman’sagreement【答案】君子協(xié)定15．I-steel【答案】工字鋼；工字形鋼16．和平過(guò)渡【答案】peacefultransition17．市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入【答案】marketaccess18．網(wǎng)民【答案】netizen19．工業(yè)園區(qū)

【答案】industrialpark20．綠色食品【答案】greenfood21．泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)【答案】bubbleeconomy22．脫口秀【答案】talkshow23．售后服務(wù)【答案】after-salesservice24．技術(shù)下鄉(xiāng)【答案】spreadtechnologicalknowledgetofarmers25．海峽兩岸關(guān)系協(xié)會(huì)【答案】AssociationforRelationsAcrosstheTaiwanStraits26．老字號(hào)【答案】atime-honoredbrand;anoldandfamousshoporenterprise27．戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系【答案】strategicpartnership28．留守兒童【答案】left-behindchildren;stay-at-homechildren29．政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變

【答案】thetransformationofgovernmentfunctions30．第三產(chǎn)業(yè)【答案】tertiaryindustryII.PassagetranslationSectionAChinesetoEnglishThecollapseofbeliefwehavebeenwitnessingthroughoutthetwentiethcenturycomeswithglobalism.Thepostmodernconditionisnotanartisticmovementoraculturalfadoranintellectualtheory—althoughitproducesallofthoseandisinsomewaysdefinedbythem.Itiswhatinevitablyhappensaspeopleeverywherebegintoseethattherearemanybeliefs,manykindsofbelief,manywaysofbelieving.Postmodernismisglobalism;itisthehalf-discoveredshapeoftheoneunitythattranscendsallourdifferences.Inaglobal—andglobalizing-era,alloftheoldstructuresofpoliticalreality,alltheoldwaysofsayingwhoweareandwhatweareforandwhatweareagainst,seemtobemeltingawayintoair.Howtohaveanidentityinsuchaworld?Nationalismbecomessemiobsoletebeforeitevencompletesitsconquest;nationalgovernmentseverywherearechallengedfromfrontandrear,pastandfuture.Theyareforcedtodobattleagainstthreatstotheirfragilesovereigntiesthatareposedbyinternationalorganizationsandmovementsandeconomicforces.Theweakernationalsovereigntyasanabsoluteprinciple,thelesssecureweareindefiningourselvesaccordingtonationalcitizenship.【參考譯文】我們目睹了整個(gè)二十世紀(jì)里全球主義帶來(lái)的信仰的崩潰。后現(xiàn)代境況既不是一場(chǎng)藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，也不是一種文化時(shí)尚，更不是某種知識(shí)理論——這些都是后現(xiàn)代主義的產(chǎn)物，而且在某種程度上成為后現(xiàn)代主義的特點(diǎn)。不可避免地，人們開始看到，世界上存在著許多種類、許多形式的信仰。后現(xiàn)代主義就是全球主義；這是一個(gè)超越了我們所有差異的整體，但時(shí)下只是若隱若現(xiàn)。一旦人們意識(shí)到人類的信仰竟是如此種類

繁多、五花八門，后現(xiàn)代環(huán)境就是無(wú)法避免的了。在已經(jīng)或即將全球化的時(shí)代，所有用來(lái)反映政治現(xiàn)實(shí)的陳舊體系，所有用來(lái)闡釋“我們”的定義，似乎都將隨之消融。在一個(gè)越來(lái)越全球化的時(shí)代，所有舊的劃分政治現(xiàn)實(shí)的方法、所有舊的表達(dá)我們自己，表達(dá)自己愛憎的方法似乎都已灰飛煙滅。如何在當(dāng)下的世界里給后現(xiàn)代主義一個(gè)定義？民族主義在完成它的征服前已經(jīng)變得過(guò)時(shí)；世界各國(guó)政府正面臨著來(lái)自國(guó)內(nèi)外、過(guò)去和將來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。他們不得不與前現(xiàn)代部落和種族認(rèn)同進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)斗，就像他們抵御國(guó)際組織、國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)力量為其脆弱的國(guó)家主權(quán)帶來(lái)的威脅那樣。作為絕對(duì)原則的國(guó)家主權(quán)越脆弱，我們想用國(guó)家公民的概念來(lái)界定自己的安全性也就越弱。SectionBEnglishtoChinese近年來(lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)業(yè)急速發(fā)展。據(jù)今年早期因特網(wǎng)信息中心的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，中國(guó)的公共網(wǎng)絡(luò)已覆蓋400多個(gè)城市，上網(wǎng)電腦達(dá)820萬(wàn)臺(tái)，經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)者達(dá)2，260萬(wàn)人，網(wǎng)址有33，000個(gè)。估計(jì)兩年以后，中國(guó)的網(wǎng)民人數(shù)將躍居全球第二，僅次于美國(guó)。然而，這個(gè)快速發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)出現(xiàn)了一些問(wèn)題，其中大部分問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因是因?yàn)橹袊?guó)在準(zhǔn)備不足的情況下飛速越入了這個(gè)信息時(shí)代，遇到的問(wèn)題涉及到網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息、電子商務(wù)等。要想開發(fā)一個(gè)擁有13億人口的市場(chǎng)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)部門應(yīng)改建服務(wù)，使普通用戶能輕松上網(wǎng)，使上網(wǎng)的簡(jiǎn)便程度如同打開家用電器一般。【參考譯文】Theinternetindustryhasbeengrowingatadizzyingpace.AccordingtostatisticsfromChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenterearlythisyear,thepublicnetworkcoversmorethan400cities,andthenumberofon-linecomputersreached8.2million,with22.6millionregularInternetusersand33,000web-sites.Intwoyears,Chinaisexpectedtohavethesecondlargestnetizenpopulationintheworld,secondonlytothatoftheUnitedStates.However,therapidlydevelopingindustryisshowingmanyproblemsinChina,mostofthemuniquetoacountrythatvirtuallyleaptintotheinformationagewithoutsufficientpreparation,suchastheproblemsconcerninginternetserviceproviders(ISP),internetcontentproviders

(ICP)ande-commerce.Inordertotapthemarketof1.3billionpeople,theISPsshouldimprovetheirserviceinsuchawaythatordinaryuserswillbeabletogetontotheNetaseasilyastheyswitchonhouseholdelectricalappliances.

2014年南京大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.PhraseTranslation1．NATO【答案】北大西洋公約組織(NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization)2．Genebank【答案】基因庫(kù)3．CBD【答案】中央商務(wù)區(qū)(CentralBusinessDistrict)；交貨前付款(cashbeforedelivery)4．YOG【答案】青奧會(huì)(YouthOlympicGames)5．IMF【答案】國(guó)際貨幣基金組織(InternationalMonetaryFund)6．ISO【答案】國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織(InternationalStandardOrganization)7．OPEC【答案】石油輸出國(guó)組織(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)8．UNESCO【答案】聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織(UnitedNationsEducationalScientificandCulturalOrganization)9．Euromart

【答案】歐洲共同市場(chǎng)(EuropeanCommonMarket)10．negativepopulationgrowth【答案】人口負(fù)增長(zhǎng)11．theEuropeaneconomiccommunity【答案】歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體12．WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization【答案】世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織13．Greenhouseeffect【答案】溫室效應(yīng)14．Masscult【答案】大眾文化，通俗文化15．I-steel【答案】工字鋼16．無(wú)人售票【答案】self-serviceticketing17．貨到付款【答案】cashondelivery18．戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系【答案】strategicpartnership19．西部大開發(fā)

【答案】Go-WestCampaign;ChinaWesternDevelopment20．打假【答案】anti-fraudcampaign;rackdownoncounterfeitgoods21．反腐倡廉【答案】combatcorruptionandbuildacleangovernment22．黑客【答案】hacker23．和平過(guò)渡【答案】peacefultransition24．市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入【答案】marketaccess25．網(wǎng)民【答案】netizen26．工業(yè)園區(qū)【答案】industrialpark27．綠色食品【答案】greenfood28．泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)【答案】bubbleeconomy29．脫口秀

【答案】talkshow30．素質(zhì)教育【答案】quality-orientededucation;educationforall-rounddevelopmentII.Sentencetranslation1．ThevendorshalldeliverthegoodstothevendeebyJune15.【答案】賣方須在6月15日前將貨交給買方。2．Incaseofqualitydiscrepancy,claimshouldbefiledbybuyerwithin30daysafterthearrivalofgoodsatportofdestination.【答案】如買方提出索賠，凡屬品質(zhì)異議須于貨到目的口岸之日起30天內(nèi)提出。3．“Site”meansthelandandotherplaceson，under，inorthroughwhichthePermanentWorksorTemporaryWorksdesignedbytheEngineeraretobeexecuted.【答案】“工地”指工程師設(shè)計(jì)的永久性或臨建工程施工所需的土地及其他場(chǎng)地。4．Taxationshallcompriseallformsoftaxes,including,withoutlimitation,incometax,capitalgainstax,stampduty,tariffs,customsduties,importandexportduties,impositions,dutiesandlevies,andallfines,penalties,charges,fees,costsandratesimposed,leviedandcollectedbythetaxationauthorityandothercompetentauthorities.【答案】稅收包括各種形式的稅項(xiàng)，包括但不限于稅務(wù)局稅收包括各種形式的稅項(xiàng)，包括但不限于稅務(wù)局和其他主管部門征收的所得稅、資本利得稅、印和其他主管部門征收的所得稅、資本利得稅、印花稅、關(guān)稅、進(jìn)出口稅、各種征稅、及一切罰金、花稅、關(guān)稅、進(jìn)出口稅、各種征稅、及一切罰金、收費(fèi)和稅款。III.Passagetranslation

SectionAChinesetoEnglishEverysuccessfulbusinessisbuiltonsuperiorsenses—oftiming,opportunity,responsibility,and,notinfrequently,humor.None,however,ismorecriticalthantheabilitytosensethemarket.Aseniorexecutive’sinstinctivecapacitytoempathizewithandgaininsightsfromcustomersisthesinglemostimportantskillheorshecanusetodirecttechnologies,productandserviceofferings,communicationsprograms,indeed,allelementsofacompany’sstrategicposture.BillGates,AkioMorita,SamWalton,andothersbroughtthisabilitytotheenterprisestheyfounded.Withoutit,theirventuresmighthavebeenshort-livedoratleastfarlesssuccessful.Payingattentiontothecustomeriscertainlynotanewidea.Butmanytop-levelmanagers,particularlythoseatindustrialcompanies,considercustomercontactthebailiwickofsalesandmarketingstaff.Andeveniftheydobelievethatmarketfocusisapriority,mostretainonlylimitedcontactwithconsumersastheirorganizationsgrow,relyinginsteadonsubordinates’reports—second-orthird-handinformation—todefineandsensethemarketforthem.（149詞）【參考譯文】每一個(gè)成功的工商企業(yè)都是建立在一些卓越的意識(shí)之上的，即懂得審時(shí)度勢(shì)，抓住機(jī)遇，承擔(dān)責(zé)任，并不乏幽默感。但這一切都沒有比對(duì)市場(chǎng)了解的能力更為重要。高級(jí)管理人員的一個(gè)非常重要的本事是能很自然地設(shè)身處地為客戶著想，并從他們那里獲得真知灼見。他們利用這種能力來(lái)指導(dǎo)技術(shù)、產(chǎn)品和售后服務(wù)，乃至公司戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃的各個(gè)方面。比爾蓋茲之類的成功者就曾把這種本事帶進(jìn)他們各自創(chuàng)立的企業(yè)中。沒有這種能力，他們的事業(yè)或許只是曇花一現(xiàn)，至少?zèng)]有像今天這樣成功。但是許多高層經(jīng)理，特別是工業(yè)公司的高層經(jīng)理，把與顧客接觸看成是銷售和市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷人員的事。即便他們確實(shí)也認(rèn)為市場(chǎng)是公司的重心，但隨著公司的發(fā)展，他們中大多數(shù)人也只與消費(fèi)者保持十分有限的接觸而已。他們判斷和把握市場(chǎng)，依賴于下屬送來(lái)的報(bào)告，即二手、三手的材料。SectionBEnglishtoChinese

近年來(lái)，世界發(fā)生了新變化，中國(guó)也取得了新進(jìn)步。中國(guó)各族人民萬(wàn)眾一心，繼續(xù)推動(dòng)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)進(jìn)程。中國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)，人民生活進(jìn)一步改善。中國(guó)人民加強(qiáng)同各國(guó)人民的交流合作，積極致力于國(guó)際熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題的妥善解決，努力推動(dòng)建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。1978年開始的改革開放，是決定當(dāng)代中國(guó)命運(yùn)的關(guān)鍵抉擇，使社會(huì)主義中國(guó)的面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。我們將堅(jiān)定不移地高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，繼續(xù)解放思想，堅(jiān)持改革開放，發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主政治，發(fā)展社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化，繼續(xù)以改善民生為重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)社會(huì)建設(shè)，努力使全體人民學(xué)有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫(yī)、老有所養(yǎng)、住有所居，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧。【參考譯文】RecentyearssawnewchangesintheworldandChinahasalsomadenewprogresses.Chinesepeoplehavecontinuedtoworkshouldertoshoulderinbuildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.China’scomprehensivenationalstrengthhasfurtherstrengthenedandpeople’slivelihoodhasfurtherimproved.Chinesepeoplehaveboostedexchangesandcooperationwithpeopleofvariousnations,activelyengagedinthepropersettlementofissuesintheworld’shotspots,andpushedforthebuildingofaharmoniousworldoflastingpeaceandcommonprosperity.Initiatedin1978,thereformandopening-updriveisacrucialoptionthatdeterminesthefateofcontemporaryChina.IthasbroughthistoricchangestosocialistChina.WewillcontinueunwaveringlytoholdhighthegreatbannersofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,fullyimplementth