Unit4 Welcome to the unit - Reading 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂版本：新譯林單元：必修三Unit4(Welcometotheunit—Reading)本單元詞匯梳理1.deadly：dead(adj

死的)+-ly詞塊：deadlydiseases,deadlyenemies2.survival：構(gòu)詞法：survive(v

幸存)—survival

詞族：survive,survival,survivor3.broad：反義詞：narrow

詞塊：abroadstreet/smile,abroadrangeof,inbroaddaylight

派生詞：broaden,broadly4.intend：in-(make使)+tend(tostretch伸展)→使(想法)伸展→計劃/打算英語釋義:plantodosth

(intend比plan更正式)詞塊：intendtodo/doingsth

派生詞：intention,intended

(詞塊beintendedfor)5.refer：re-(back回)+-fer(carry帶)→將……帶回到→使聯(lián)系

詞塊：referto(一詞多義，基本義“使聯(lián)系”)派生詞：reference(referencebooks)6.experiment：ex-(outof出)+peri(totry/test嘗試)+-ment→

實驗

詞塊：do/carryout/perform/conductanexperiment

名詞動詞化：experimentwith

派生詞：experimental7.trial：try(v

試用)+-al(名詞后綴)

詞塊：a(free)trialperiod,trialanderror,ontrial8.limited：(limitv

限制)+-ed(分詞形容詞)

詞族：limit,limited,limiting,limitation9.household：house(n

房屋)+hold(n

握住)→住在房子里的所有人→一家人；家庭詞塊：ahouseholdname10.container：contain(v

包含、容納)+-er(名詞后綴)11.postpone：同義詞：putoff

詞塊：postponedoingsth,postponesthto/until12.sufficient：正式用語(比enough更正式)13.data：詞塊：collect/gatherdata,databank,bigdata14.payoff：一詞多義，基本義“付清”15.error：比mistake正式 詞塊：makeanerror,inerror16.wisdom：wise(adj

有智慧的)+-dom(表示狀況或狀態(tài))17.beneficial：bene-(good好的)+fic(todo做)+-ial(形容詞后綴)→做好事的→有益的詞塊：bebeneficialto18.conduct：con-(together共同)+-duct(tolead引導(dǎo))→引導(dǎo)游客一起參觀

→帶領(lǐng)

conduct是正式用語(比carryout/do更正式)

詞塊：conductanexperiment/aninterview/asurvey

派生詞：conductor19.illustrate：辨析illustrate,describe：illustrate即通過示例、圖畫等來說明、

解釋；describe即通過細(xì)節(jié)來描述、形容某人或某物。

派生詞：illustrationintend英語釋義referto英語釋義一詞多義conduct一詞多義英語釋義正式與非正式用語重難點詞精講limit&limited一詞多義error&mistake辨析義payoff一詞多義詞族broad一詞多義trial熟詞生義抽象名詞詞根詞綴broadbroadband寬帶

寬闊的；廣闊的反narrow：abroadstreetabroadsmileHewastall,withbroadshouldersandabeard.2013全國

廣泛的反narrow：Studentsherestudyabroadrangeofsubjects.

概括性的；粗略的：Sheshowedusthebroadoutline

ofanewproject.【詞塊】inbroaddaylight

在光天化日之下broad

adj基本義

begoingtodosth

willdosth

beabouttodosth

plantodosth

meantodosth打算做某事intendtodosthintendintendvt打算；想要toplanormeantodosth：Iintendnoharm.①intenddoing/todosth：Heintendsstudying/tostudyabroadnextyear.②intendsb/sthtodosth：Iintendyoutocomewithme.③

intend+that從句：Weintendthat/Itisintendedthatproductionwillstartnextmonth.日常英語中更常用plantodosthin-(make使)+tend(tostretch伸展)→使(想法)伸展→計劃/打算intended

adj

(為……)打算的：Thebookisintendedforchildren.Hisvisitisintendedtostrengthentiesbetweenthetwocountries.intentionn[C]&[U]意圖；目的：Ihavenointentionofchangingmyplan.Thisprogramwassetupwiththeintentionofprovidinghelpforhomelesspeople.詞匯拓展同義詞aim/purpose閱讀理解中隨處可見的refertoWhatdoestheunderlinedword“stumble”inparagraph2referto?

（2019全國卷I閱讀B篇）Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?

（2018浙江

閱讀B篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3refer

to?

（2017全國卷II閱讀D篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refer

to?

（2016全國卷II閱讀C篇)

referto指的是詞源：re-(back)+fer(carry)，即為“將……帶回到”。Whenonethingreferstoanother,onemeaningcarriesbacktotheother—there’ssomekindofrelation.因此，referto的基本義是“使聯(lián)系”。referto

談到；提到(mention)：Thescientistreferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.

查閱；參考：WhilegivingtheEnglishspeech,oneisnotallowedtorefertothenotes.referv

指的是

todescribeorbeconnectedtosb/sth：Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesgoodsandservices.

2013全國TheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.人教新必修?-4

把……提交給；把……委托給：Mycolleaguesaidthatasthesituationwasunusualhewouldrefer

themattertohiseditor.使聯(lián)系(torelate)referto在演講、說話時聯(lián)系到某人、某物為獲取信息聯(lián)系某物描述人或事物的聯(lián)系和專業(yè)人士等聯(lián)系查閱；參考指的是把……提交給；把……委托給談到；提到referto語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖trial詞源解讀：trial來自try，基本義為“試驗”。trialR2

n[C]&[U]

試用；試驗：a(free)trialperiod

Newcarshaveseveralseveretrialsbeforetheyareputonthemarket.

審判；審訊：Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.ontrial在試用中；在受審：Theclerkwasemployedontrial.He’sontrialfortheft.trialanderror反復(fù)試驗；不斷摸索：Childrenlearntechnicalskillsby/throughtrialanderror.【限量版limitededition】“限量版”一直是時尚圈的熱門詞。一些大牌化妝品每年都會推出諸如限量版口紅、限量版彩妝盒一類的產(chǎn)品；高檔皮具也會有“限量版”的包包，手機、汽車甚至唱片公司也常常有各式各樣的“限量版”。名詞[C]limit

界限；邊界：inthecitylimits

限度；限制：atime/speedlimitEvenbelowthedrinkinglimit,drivingwillbeaffected.2011

福建基本義

極限：Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.

2012安徽TheEUhasset

strictlimitsonlevelsofpollution.【重要搭配】withinlimits在某種范圍內(nèi)；適度地：I’mwillingtohelp,withinlimits.vt限制；限定：Ibelieveteachingshouldnotbelimitedtotheclassroom.Ilimitmyselftotwocupsofcoffeeaday.limit名詞動化limit語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)界限；邊界limit基本義地區(qū)或地方的“界限”“邊界”數(shù)量上的“界限”“邊界”狀態(tài)上的“界限”“邊界”界限；邊界限度；限制極限限制；限定nv【limit

詞族】limitlimitationlimitinglimitlesslimitedlimiting

adj限制性的：Lackofcashisalimitingfactor.現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞表示主動含義，注意與limited的區(qū)別limited

adj有限的；不多的：ABCCompanyLimited/ABCCo.,Ltd.Thisdictionaryusesalimitednumberofwords,around2,000,initsdefinitions.Theamountofmoneywehaveislimited.過去分詞形容詞表示被動含義limitation

n[U]&[C]限制；局限：thelimitationofnuclearweapons

limitless

adj無限（制）的：limitlesspossibilities

limit+-ationlimit+-less根據(jù)所給提示，完成句子。團隊合作獲得了成功。Teamwork___________________.paidoffsucceededpayoffpayoff

還清（欠債等）：Oncewe’vepaidoffthedebts,we’llowemoneytonoone.

取得成功；得到好結(jié)果：Hestudiedhardbeforetheexamination,anditpaidoff.HemadeanA.

付清工資后解雇；遣散：Over1,000workerswillbepaidoffifthisfactorycloses.用于payoffsth或paysthoff結(jié)構(gòu)。通常接account,debt,loan等作賓語。

用于sthpayoff結(jié)構(gòu)。通常用effort,hardwork,persistence等作主語。

用于paysboff結(jié)構(gòu)。付清（基本義）還清（欠債等）付清工資后解雇；遣散“付清”工資后解雇某人“付清”債務(wù)等payoff的語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖取得成功；得到好結(jié)果“付清”努力取得結(jié)果error溫故知新根據(jù)所給漢語，完成句子。Whenyou______________________________（犯錯誤）atstudy,learnfromitandtryagain./makeanerrormakeamistakeerror較為正式errorn[C]&[U]錯誤；差錯；謬誤(formal)amistake：makeanerror

Carelessnessoftenleadstoerrors.

inerror弄錯了的/地；錯誤地：I’mafraidheisinerrorinsayingthat.error與mistake意義相近，但較為正式。?Theremustbeanerrorinourcalculations.?Theletterwassenttoyouinerror.mistake在日常英語中用得最為廣泛，指用詞或數(shù)字上的錯誤、口誤、筆誤，也可指決定錯誤，強調(diào)“誤”。?I’mnotblamingyou—weallmakemistakes.?Ipickedupyourbagbymistake.___________________（做）anexperimentdo/conduct

正式用語根據(jù)所給漢語，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。conduct同根詞：educate→

e-(out)+ducere(tolead)→leadout（引導(dǎo)出來→啟發(fā)）product→pro-向前+duct引導(dǎo)→向前引導(dǎo)conduct詞源解讀con-(together共同)+-duct(tolead引導(dǎo))→引導(dǎo)游客一起參觀→帶領(lǐng)conductv

vt[正式用語]引導(dǎo)；帶領(lǐng)toleadorguidesbthroughoraroundaplace：TheguideconductedusaroundtheWestLake.

vt&vi指揮（軍隊、樂隊等）：Myfriendwenthome,leavingmetoconducttheband.

vt[正式用語]實施；管理；進(jìn)行toorganizeordoaparticularactivity：conductanexperiment/aninterview/asurveySofarwehaveconductedavarietyofactivitiesonEnglishlearning.2010湖南書面表達(dá)

vt

[正式用語]舉止；表現(xiàn)：Makesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.2018浙江conductn[U][正式用語]

行為；舉止(behaviour)：Confuciussuggestedaprinciplefortheconductoflife:“Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”2010江西改

經(jīng)營方式；管理方式；組織方式：Hisconductofthebusinesswasverysuccessful.【詞匯拓展】conductorn[C]

（合唱團、管弦樂隊等的）指揮

(BrE)（公共汽車）售票員；(AmE)列車長文化拓展孔子（Confucius，公元前551年―公元前479年），子姓，孔氏，名丘，字仲尼，春秋末期魯國陬邑（今山東曲阜）人，中國古代思想家、教育家，儒家學(xué)派創(chuàng)始人?？鬃娱_創(chuàng)了私人講學(xué)之風(fēng)，倡導(dǎo)仁義禮智信。有弟子三千，其中賢人七十二。他曾帶領(lǐng)部分弟子周游列國十三年，晚年修訂《詩》《書》《禮》《樂》《易》《春秋》六經(jīng)。去世后，其弟子及再傳弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行語錄和思想記錄下來，整理編成《論語》。該書被奉為儒家經(jīng)典。孔子名言：

己所不欲，勿施于人。Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.

學(xué)而時習(xí)之，不亦說乎?Isitnotpleasanttolearnwithaconstantperseveranceandapplication?

三人行，必有我?guī)熝伞henIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.conduct語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“帶領(lǐng)”人游覽“帶領(lǐng)”人的行為“帶領(lǐng)”軍隊、樂隊“帶領(lǐng)”某項活動引導(dǎo)；帶領(lǐng)指揮（軍隊、樂隊等）實施；管理；進(jìn)行舉止；表現(xiàn)帶領(lǐng)conduct（基本義）經(jīng)營方式；管理方式；組織方式行為；舉止nv“帶領(lǐng)”熱流/電流傳導(dǎo)（熱、電）

Informal/Neutral（中性的）Formal打算做某事plantodosth__________todosth犯錯誤makeamistakemakea(n)__________有充足的時間haveenoughtimehave__________time

做調(diào)查doasurvey__________asurvey正式用語與非正式用語intenderrorsufficientconduct本單元的詞根詞綴說出下列單詞的詞根詞綴的漢語釋義。1.Theguideconductedusaroundthepalaceandtoldusmanythingsaboutitshistory.conduct：con-（together共同）+duct（tolead引導(dǎo)）→

游客一起參觀→_________2.Thescientistreferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.refer：re-（back回）+fer（tocarry帶）→將……帶回到→________3.Observecarefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.（2014北京）experiment：ex-（outof出）+peri（totry/test嘗試）+-ment（名詞后綴）→不斷的_________→___________引導(dǎo)帶領(lǐng)提到嘗試實驗4.Infact,musiceducationisbeneficialandimportantforallstudents.（2009北京）beneficial：bene-（good好的）+fic（todo做）+-ial（形容詞后綴）→______好事的→_______5.Doingapart-timejobismydreamandIintendtoworkasasalesmanbecauseIcanearnmoneybymyself.（2013山東改）intend：in-（make使）+tend（tostretch伸展）→使（想法）_______→__________做有益的伸展計劃/打算英語單詞構(gòu)詞法的核心部分在于詞根，詞根決定單詞的意思。詞根可以單獨構(gòu)成單詞，也可以通過添加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成新詞。了解詞根意思，掌握構(gòu)詞規(guī)律，有助于準(zhǔn)確、高效記憶詞匯。抽象名詞比起中文來，英文不但富于抽象名詞，也喜歡用抽象名詞。——余光中品質(zhì)抽象名詞和行為抽象名詞adjwisefreeshortresponsible

poorn1.

________2.

________3.

________4.___________5.

________wisdomfreedomshortageresponsibilitypoverty由形容詞派生而來的抽象名詞叫作品質(zhì)抽象名詞，由動詞派生而來的抽象名詞叫作行為抽象名詞。

說出下列單詞的名詞形式。vdisappearsurvivefailn6._________________7.________8.________vapplydeliverarrangen10.___________11.

_________12.

__________disappearancesurvivalfailurearrangementapplicationdelivery寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義，體會英漢表達(dá)差異。1.Withyourwordsofwisdom,Isuddenlyfeltunlimitedfreedomtodream.Mywholeworldopenedup.________

2.Ifcancersarespottedearlythere’sahighchanceofsurvival.

________

3.There’llneverbeashortageofpeoplewhoconsiderthemselvesuniquelyqualified（有資格的）tobepresidentofthecountry.________品質(zhì)抽象名詞翻譯成漢語時，可以通過形容詞的釋義來幫助理解，常譯成漢語的形容詞。行為抽象名詞翻譯成漢語時，可以通過動詞的釋義來幫助理解，常譯成漢語的動詞。至理名言；夢想無邊界存活率高缺乏根據(jù)所給漢語，用所提示的抽象名詞的詞塊完成下列句子，體會英漢表達(dá)差異。1.Someexpertsfearthatwemaywitness（見證）_____________________（該物種滅絕）withinthenext30years.(disappearance)2.Please_____________________（安排）ahotelformeandIwillgiveyoumydetailedtravelinformationassoonasIcan.(arrangement)3.Parishadsufferedasudden_____________________（心臟衰竭）.(failure)4.Thecompanyoffers_____________________（免費送貨）toyourhome.(delivery)英語喜歡用名詞，而漢語喜歡用動詞和形容詞，這是英語和漢語之間一個很重要的差異。因此，輸出表達(dá)時，除了用動詞，也可以使用抽象名詞的詞塊表示動詞的含義，使得表達(dá)方式更為豐富。thedisappearanceofthisspeciesmakearrangementsforheartfailurefreedelivery本單元金句匯總1.Studentsherestudyabroadrangeofsubjects.2.Heintendsstudying/tostudyabroadnextyear.3.Thisprogramwassetupwiththeintentionofprovidinghelpforhomelesspeople.4.WhilegivingtheEnglishspeech,oneisnotallowedtorefertothenotes.5.Hestudiedhardbeforetheexamination,anditpaidoff.HemadeanA.6.SofarwehaveconductedavarietyofactivitiesonEnglishlearning.2010湖南書面表達(dá)

隨堂檢測broad寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Wewentalongabroadpassage. _________2.Theshowaimstoreachthebroadestpossibleaudience. _________3.Shaystruggledovertotheteam’sbenchandputonateamshirtwithabroadsmile.（2011江蘇） _________4.Asaparticularformofproblemsolving,thesecreativeactsarebasedonthebroadknowledgegainedinthepast. _________寬闊的盡可能廣泛的滿面笑容豐富的intend一、在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Weintend____________(go)toAustralianextyear.2.Ididn’tintendher__________(see)thepaintinguntilitwasfinished.3.Shehadafirm__________(intend)withinherselftobethebestswimmer.二、根據(jù)所給提示，將下列句子譯成英語。這本字典專為高中生量身打造。(intended)________________________________________________________going/togotoseeThedictionaryisintendedforseniorhighschoolstudents.intention用所給單詞或詞塊的正確形式替換畫線部分，使句意保持不變。1.Inhisspeech,hereferredto

arecenttriptoCanada. __________2.Whenyoumeetwithanewword,youcanreferto

adictionary. __________3.Theterm“multitasking”referred

to

acomputer’sabilitytocarryoutseveraltasksatonetime.

_________mentionedlookitupinmeantmean,lookitupin,mentionrefertotrial寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Theysucceededintheexperimentonthefifteenthtrial. __________2.Thecaseisnowundertrial. __________3.Sheagreedtoemploymeforatrialperiod. __________4.Trialanderror

isthesourceofourknowledge. __________5.Therobotshavebeenontrial

forthepastyear. __________6.Hewasontrial

fortheft. __________試驗審判/審訊試用期反復(fù)試驗/不斷摸索試驗中審訊中l(wèi)imit一、根據(jù)漢語寫出英語短語。1.時間限制__________________2.速度限制__________________3.達(dá)到極限__________________4.在市區(qū)內(nèi)__________________atimelimitaspeedlimitreachthelimitwithinthecitylimits二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.Idon’tthinkit’sfairtohavethemaspetswhenwehavesucha_________(limit)knowledgeofthem.（2009全國）2.Owingtothe___________(limit)ofourknowledge,theremustbemistakesanderrorsinthebook.3.Scientistshaveknownhowtoharness（利用）the_________(limit)powerofthesun.limitedlimitationlimitless三、根據(jù)所給漢語完成下列句子。1.Knowledgeandlearningareimportantifwewanttobesuccessful,buttheymayalso___________________（限制我們的思維）.（2011湖北）2.___________________（對……有限制）thenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmind.（2011福建）3.I’vebeenaskedto____________________（把我的演講控制在）

tenminutes.4.Hewasborninapoorfamily,and__________________________（受教育不多）inhischildhood.（2012浙江書面表達(dá)）limitourthinkingThereisalimitonlimitmyspeechtohad/receivedalimitededucationpayoff一、根據(jù)句意，選出payoff的最佳釋義。_____1.Finally,thathardworkpaidoff

andnowthewaterintheriveriscleanerthanever.（2014全國）

_____2.Wedecidedtomovethereandtriedtofindarentalhousethatwecouldaffordwhilealsopayingoff

amortgage（抵押貸款）onourruinedhouse.

還清（欠債等）

取得成功；得到好結(jié)果二、根據(jù)所給提示，將下列句子譯成英語。1.他們將在25年內(nèi)還清債務(wù)。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.辛勤的勞動沒有白費。（2015福建）_____________________________________________________3.我希望現(xiàn)在付出的努力會得到好結(jié)果。（2011山東）_______________________________