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2017（2017（55—11455Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago，andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedand詞匯突破：1.inevolution2.formulated闡述;表述;解釋;論證3.shaping形成(造就)4.maintaining保持，維護5.recognized認可，承認TheroleofnaturalselectionwasTheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.切分成分：onlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsagoinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividual56Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80’s,down-shiftingin56Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80’s,down-shiftinginthemid90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife—growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyle—aspersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.詞匯突破：1.Down-shifting本來的意思是開車減檔，這里指的是“生活減速，歸隱mythical神話般的grow種植organicvegetables確定主干：Down-shifting(inthemid90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodliftasapersonalrecognitionofyour(特別說明：notso(as)much…as與其說，不如說;例如：Hewasnotsomuchangryasdisappointed.(他與其說憤怒57However,57However,theworldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld'smorefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.90切分成分：1.Forthewomenofmygeneration(whowereurgedtojugglingthroughthe80’s2.growingyourownorganicvegetablesandriskingturningintoone獨立成句：1.Thewomenofmygenerationwereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe2.Forthewomenofmygeneration，譯文賞析80，90theworldissoelegantsystemsare(inprincipletheworldissoelegantsystemsare(inprincipleunabletodealwithsometheworld'smorefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.anelegantdressasetofbookswithelegantbindingsalifeofeleganteaseanelegantstyleofwritinganelegantpieceofreasoninganelegantwineWeagreeinprinciplebutwedislikeyourWeagreeinprinciplebutwedislikeyourThere'snoreasoninprinciplewhymanshouldn'tonedaytraveltothedistantAlthoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheirwanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualwillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowanted58Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,58Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.2.servicingtrades服務(wù)業(yè)3.precise準確的主干識別：astudywillprovideaprecise切分成分：1.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted(狀語從句)2.ofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumersWearerequiredtolookintoourhearts,sparkourhopes,andfireour3.ofwhowantedwhat獨立成句：1.ithas3.ofwhowantedwhat獨立成句：1.ithasbeenpossibletoinferwhatmanufacturesandtradesthoughttheircustomerswantedittofromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedithasbeenpossibletoinferfromBfromBithasbeenpossibletoinferAfromA=whatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheirB=thegoodsandservicesactually59NowthereisinAmericaacuriouscombinationofprideinhavingrisentoaposition59NowthereisinAmericaacuriouscombinationofprideinhavingrisentoapositionwhereitisnolongernecessarytodependonmanuallaborforalivingandgenuinedelightinwhatoneisabletoaccomplishwithone'sownhands.thereisacuriouscombinationofprideandgenuine切分成分：1inAmericainhavingrisentoaposition/whereitisnolongernecessarytodependonmanuallaborforaliving定語inwhatoneisabletoaccomplishwithone'sownhandspicture我就翻譯為了動詞，這樣就比括號里的翻譯靠譜多了。NowthereisinAmericaacuriouscombinationofprideinhavingrisentoapositionwhereitisnolongernecessarytodependonmanuallaborforalivinggenuinedelightinwhatoneisabletoaccomplishwithone'sown這里的prideandgenuinedelight1.prideinhavingrisen這里的prideandgenuinedelight1.prideinhavingrisentoapositionwhereitisnolongernecessarytoonmanuallaborfora2.genuinedelightinwhatoneisabletoaccomplishwithone'sownwhat=somethingdelight/insomethingoneisabletoaccomplish(that)withone'sown60After60Afterapromisingdrugwasfoundthefinal,mostexpensivestagesofclinicaltrials,whichmeasuretheefficacyofadrugthathasalreadybeenshowntobesafe,couldbepubliclyfunded,usinganotherportionofthehugepotential帥著了，這幾個句子都是之前發(fā)過的，但是解析確實更清楚了。Kevin棒棒噠!Yourtimeislimited,sodon'twasteitlivingsomeoneelse'slife.Don'tletthenoiseofothers'opinionsdrownoutyourowninnervoice.Afterapromisingdrugwasfoundthefinal,mostexpensivestagesofclinicaltrials,whichmeasuretheefficacyofadrugthathasalreadybeenshowntobecouldbepubliclyfunded,usinganotherportionofthehugepotentialsavingsfromcheaperdrugs,andconductedbyindependentlaboratories.fromcheaperdrugs,andconductedbyindependentlaboratories.Oncefromcheaperdrugs,andconductedbyindependentlaboratories.Oncemedicinewasvalidated,anydrugcompanywouldbeallowedtomake詞匯突破：1.clinicaltrials2.publiclyfunded4.apromisingdrug5.befoundthefinal6.validated主干識別：MostexpensivestagesofclinicaltrialscouldbepubliclyfundedconductedbyindependentFinalmostexpensive切分成分：1.whichmeasuretheefficacyofadrugthathasalreadybeentobe2.usinganotherportionofthehugepotentialsavingsfromcheaperdrugs狀otherportionofotherportionofthehugepotentialsavingsfromcheaperdrugs,andconductedindependent613.(Mostexpensivestagesofclinicaltrialscoulduseanotherportionofthehugepotentialsavingsfromcheaperdrugs.)Onceamedicinewasvalidated,anydrugcompanywouldbeallowedtoUnliketheeastcoast,withitspartymachinesandopaquemovementsofmoney,California’sloveofdirectdemocracy,whichweakenspartiesandallowsindividualstoberecalledfromoffice,wassupposedtokeeppoliticianshonest.Unliketheeastcoast,withitspartymachinesandopaqueUnliketheeastcoast,withitspartymachinesandopaquemovementsofCalifornia’sloveofdirectdemocracy,whichweakenspartiesandindividualstoberecalledfromoffice,wassupposedtokeeppoliticians詞匯突破：1.opaque3.berecalledfromofficeCalifornia’sloveofdirectdemocracywassupposedtopoliticians切分成分：1.Unliketheeastcoast,狀語2.withitspartymachinesandopaquemovementsofmoney(its=east3.whichweakenspartiesandallowsindividualstoberecalledfrom定語從句(whichCalifornia’sloveofdirect獨立成句：California’sloveofdirectdemocracyweakenspartiesandindividualstoberecalledfrom調(diào)整語序：213+1.proneto記住這個詞的搭配：pronetodosth/neto記住這個詞的搭配：pronetodosth/proneto2.3.showdown對峙4.boildowntosthIntheend,whatitallboilsdowntoismoney,orthelackof5.turnson和boilsdownto6.precedent先例;unprecedented7.lovesandfantasies,illnessesand8.Revealing9.emergingmarkets比(他人)花費多;12.Sb’case8.Revealing9.emergingmarkets比(他人)花費多;12.Sb’caseisthat13.Unshackled解除束縛;同義詞：Unchainedunfettered;14.dragon15.withinreason例句：Inordertopromotelocalgovernancethroughdecentralization,governmenthasbegunplanstodevolvepowerstothe17.ViewAasB:認為AB;這個結(jié)構(gòu)，老外常常會寫成：ViewasBAA18.lingering19.badpress20.restson22.in18.lingering19.badpress20.restson22.inthat=because23.thehighstreet24.Virtual1)almostorverynearlythethingdescribed,sothatanyslightdifferenceisimportant.Hemarriedavirtualstranger.2)madetoappeartoexistbytheuseofcomputersoftware25.takeanunusualtwist26.becentralto27.analogous類似于28.exemplary可做榜樣的，可做楷模的:例句：Herbehaviorisexemplary.她的62The62ThereportsaddasenseofurgencyattheUnitedNations,whereworlddiplomatsaregatheredthisweektosigntheclimateaccord(協(xié)議)reachedlatelastyearinParis,when195nationscommittedtolowergreenhousegasemissionsandtostaveofftheworsteffectsofclimatechange.195解析：1.結(jié)構(gòu)：AaddasenseofurgencyatB:A引發(fā)了B2.committedto承諾做什么…3.staveoff延緩jittery小心謹慎anythinglessthanDespitethecompany’sdenials,theexpectedchargeslinkedtoDespitethecompany’sdenials,theexpectedchargeslinkedtowhichpowers77percentofEuropeansmartphones,wouldrepresentafortheSiliconValleycompanyasitgrappleswithagrowingnumberofcompetitioninvestigationsintoGoogle’svast詞匯突破：1.Denials否認2.setback3.grapple短語：Grapplewith:tryhardtofindasolutiontoaproblem例句：Thenewgovernmenthasyettograpplewiththeproblemof主干識別：theexpectedcharges(linkedtoAndroidwouldrepresent切分成分：1.Despitethecompany’sdenials2.whichpowers77percentofEuropeansmartphones63Some63Someofchanges—warmtemperaturesandheavyrainsinparticular—canbeexplainedinpartbythisyear’sElNinophenomenon,whichscientistspredictedwouldreleaselargeamountsofheatfromthePacificOceanintotheatmosphere,causingirregularweatherpatternsacrosstheglobe.詞匯突破：1.inparticular特別2.ElNinophenomenon3.asitgrappleswithagrowingnumberofglobalcompetitionintoGoogle’svastoperations獨立成句：2.whichpowers77percentofEuropeansmartphonesAndroidpowers77percentofEuropeansmartphones.3.asitgrappleswithagrowingnumberofglobalcompetitionintoGoogle’svast調(diào)整語序：132+主干參考譯文：盡管谷歌否認(違反歐盟法律)，但就在這家硅谷公司(谷歌)忙于應(yīng)對針對會是一次沉重打擊，因為歐洲77%的智能手機都安裝了谷歌的安卓系統(tǒng)。64643.predicted預(yù)測主干識別：Someofchangescanbeexplainedinpartbythisyear’sElNino切分成分：1.warmtemperaturesandheavyrainsinparticularwhichscientistspredictedwouldreleaselargeamountsofheatfromthePacificOceanintotheatmospherecausingirregularweatherpatternsacrossthe獨立成句：2.Which=ElNinoscientistspredictedElNinophenomenonwouldreleaselargeamountsofheatfromthePacificOceanintotheatmosphere.(這里獨立成句對了嗎?)3.ElNinophenomenoncausesirregularweatherpatternsacrossthe參考譯文:一些變化，特別是高溫和暴雨，其原因部分是可以由今年的厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象Tubman,anAfrican-AmericanandaUnionspyduringtheCivilTubman,anAfrican-AmericanandaUnionspyduringtheCivilWar,wouldJackson—awhitemanknownasmuchforhispersecutionofNativeasforhiswarheroicsandadvocacyforthecommonman—tothebackof$20,insomereducedimagealongwiththeWhiteHouse.TubmanwouldbefirstwomansohonoredonpapercurrencysinceMarthaWashington’sbrieflygracedthe$1silvercertificateinthelate19th1.Union2.theCivilWar內(nèi)戰(zhàn)3.persecution迫害4.NativeAmericans5.warheroics例句：Wewatchedourteam’sheroicstruggletowinbackthe6.reducedimage7.alongwith在…旁邊8.honored充滿榮耀9.papercurrency紙幣11.silvercertificate例句：Mrs9.papercurrency紙幣11.silvercertificate例句：MrsWashingtonwasfeaturedaloneonthefaceofthe$1certificatein12.advocacy支持13.commonman平民主干識別：TubmanwouldbumpJacksontothebackofthe1.anAfrican-AmericanandaUnionspyduringtheCivilWar2.awhitemanknownasmuchforhispersecutionofNativeAmericansashiswarheroicsandadvocacyforthecommonman3.insomereducedimagealongwiththeWhiteHouse.狀語獨立成句：1.TubmanisanAfrican-AmericanandaUnionspyduringthe65In65Inthiscase,ourstudiesaffirmedthataperson’sintelligenceandsocioeconomicbackgroundwerethemostpowerfulfactorsinexplaininghisorhersuccess,andthatthetriplepackagewasnot—evenwhenwecarefullymeasuredeveryelementofitandconsideredallofthefactorssimultaneously.affirm確認intelligence智力socioeconomic社會經(jīng)濟Jacksonisawhiteman/knownasmuchforhispersecutionofNativeAmericans/asforhiswarheroicsandadvocacyforthecommonman.KnownasmuchforAasfor(Jacksonis)insomereducedimagealongwiththeWhite20美元的背面，縮小后和白宮圖像放在一起。4.simultaneously同時ourstudiesaffirmedthat+賓語從句1andthat24.simultaneously同時ourstudiesaffirmedthat+賓語從句1andthat21.aperson’sintelligenceandsocioeconomicbackgroundwerethepowerfulfactors賓語從句12.inexplaininghisorhersuccess3.thetriplepackagewasnotthemostpowerfulfactor24.evenwhenwecarefullymeasuredeveryelementofitandconsideredall66The66Thelatestresearchsuggestslivingstandardsandaccesstoeducationprobablybearmoreresponsibilityforcognitivedisparitybetweenmenandwomenthangenes,nurserycoloursortheabilitytocatchaball.accesstoeducationCognitive認知disparity差異Tubmanwouldbethefirstwoman/sohonoredonpapercurrency/sinceMarthaWashington’sportraitbrieflygracedthe$1silvercertificateinthelate19thcentury.主干識別：1.Tubmanwouldbethefirst切分成分：1.sohonoredonpaper2.sinceMarthaWashington’sportraitbrieflygracedthe$1silvercertificateinthelate19thcentury.theabilitytocatchaballtheabilitytocatchaball主干識別：Thelatestresearchsuggests(that切分成分：AandBbearmoreresponsibilityfor結(jié)果thanCDorEA=livingB=accesstoC=D=nurseryE=theabilitytocatchacognitivedisparitybetweenmenand67Ifaunified,peaceful,liberal,pluralisticfree-marketEuropebeginstodoubtitself,begins67Ifaunified,peaceful,liberal,pluralisticfree-marketEuropebeginstodoubtitself,beginstoquestiontheprogressthat’sbeenmade/overthelastseveraldecades,thenwecan’texpecttheprogressthatisjustnowtakingholdinmanyplacesaroundtheworldwillcontinue.Unified統(tǒng)一pluralisticfree-market主干識別：wecan’texpecttheprogresswill其他成分：1.Ifaunifiedpeaceful,liberal,pluralisticfree-marketEuropebeginstodoubtitself,(這里是省略了and)beginstoquestiontheprogress//that’sbeenmade(定語從句)=theprogresshasbeenmade/overthelastseveraldecades.句型總結(jié)：原因Aand原因Bprobablybearmoreresponsibilityfor結(jié)果C,Dand原因2.that=theprogressisjustnowtakingholdin2.that=theprogressisjustnowtakingholdinmanyplacesaroundtheThosecommentsechoedremarksthepresidentmaderecentlyinThewherehereferredtosomeEuropeanleadersas“freeriders”whoreliedheavilyontheUnitedStatestopayfortheirmilitarydefenseandtowagetheagainst1.Echo2.TheAtlantic3.freeriders4.extremism5.wagewagethewaragainst68The68Theproblemseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthe1.immediategoals2.acertainamountofresearch主干識別：Thosecommentsechoed切分成分：1.thepresidentmade(remarks)recentlyinThewherehereferredtosomeEuropeanleadersas“freewherewhoreliedtooheavilyontheUnitedStatestopayfortheirmilitarydefenseandtowagethefightagainstextremism.3.mostly主干識別：Theproblemseemsmostlyeffectively1.by3.mostly主干識別：Theproblemseemsmostlyeffectively1.bysupportingacertainamountofresearch2.notrelatedtoimmediategoals(research3.butofpossibleconsequenceinthefutureresearch例句：Somesatelliterelaystationsrelayradiowavestotheearthbutreceivethewavesnotfromtheearth,butfromotherTheproblemseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportinga69The69TheEnvironmentalRevolutionwillbejudgedbywhetheritcanshifttheeconomyintoanenvironmentallysustainabledevelopmentpath,onethatleadstogreatereconomicsecurity,healthierlifestyles,andaworldwideimprovementinthehuman主干識別：TheEnvironmentalRevolutionwillbe其他成分：bywhetheritcanshifttheworldeconomyintoanenvironmentallysustainabledevelopmentpath,狀語onethatleadstogreatereconomicsecurity,healthierlifestyles,andaworldwideimprovementinthehumancondition.名詞pathTheEnvironmentalRevolutionwillbe70Ontheother,it(discipline這一學(xué)科)linkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamanner70Ontheother,it(discipline這一學(xué)科)linkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.1.Everydayrealities2.Beparallelto與…相平行(與…相似)3.Forge建立，鑄造，打造ForgelinkCovernews的道路上，這條路能使經(jīng)濟有更大保障、生活方式更加健康、全球人類生活狀況普遍改主干識別：itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayinamanner狀語which主干識別：itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayinamanner狀語whichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforge定語從句修飾onadailybasis狀語astheycoverandcommentonthenewsOnadailybasis71Doanimalshaverights?Thisishowthequestionisusuallyput.Itsoundslikeauseful，ground-clearing71Doanimalshaverights?Thisishowthequestionisusuallyput.Itsoundslikeauseful，ground-clearingwaytostart.Actually，itisn't，becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights，whichissomethingtheworldnotaccount看法ground-clearing4.anagreedaccount5.assume認為主干識別：itbecause4.anagreedaccount5.assume認為主干識別：itbecauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrightswhichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave或ititanagreedaccountanagreedaccountofhumanrightswhichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave72Liberal72Liberaleducationmustnotlimititselftocriticalthinkingandproblemsolving;itmustalsofosteropenness,participationandopportunity.liberaleducationfoster培養(yǎng)1)Doanimalshaverights?Thisishowthequestionisusuallyput.Itsoundslikeauseful，ground-clearingwaytostart.ItshouldbedesignedtotakeusbeyondtheItshouldbedesignedtotakeusbeyondthecampustoalifeofpragmaticlearningthatfindsinspirationinunexpectedsources,andincreasescapacitytounderstandandcontributetotheworld—andreshapeit,ourselves,intheongoing持續(xù)的pragmatic實用的reshape重塑itshouldbedesignedtotakeusbeyondthecampustoaofongoing,pragmaticlearning定語thatfindsinspirationinunexpectedsources,andincreasesourcapacityunderstandandcontributetotheworld—andreshapeit,andourselves,inprocess.定語從句(并列動詞：findsand(并列動詞：understandandcontributeand73The73Thefragmented,nascentM-healthmarketseemslikelytoconsolidateintime,withitsmostpromisingstartupsperhapsbeingboughtby,orenteringwith,trustedhealthThatwouldhelpittorealizeitssubstantialpotentialtohelppatients,doctors,healthinsurersandresearchersalike.Severalfactorshavedoggedthenascentwearabletechnology2.consolidate合并3.startups4.substantial巨大的5.alliance聯(lián)盟6.fragmented2.consolidate合并3.startups4.substantial巨大的5.alliance聯(lián)盟6.fragmented分散的7.M-healthmarket8.intime遲早主干識別：ThefragmentednascentM-healthmarketseemslikely其他成分：intime早晚withitsmostpromisingstartupsperhapsbeingboughtby,orallianceswith,trustedhealthbrands.74Anyone74Anyoneconsideringtakingpartinaworkoftransformationofthoseformsofolderartwhichseemtousinmanywaysunsatisfactory,sothattheyshouldbemoreintunewiththechangingtimes,andanyonewhodoesnotquailat獨立成句：withitsmostpromisingstartupsperhapsbeingboughtby,orenteringallianceswith,trustedhealthbrands.=M-healthmarket’smostpromisingstartupsperhapsareboughtby,orenterallianceswithtrustedhealthbrands.Thatwouldhelpittorealizeitssubstantialpotentialtohelppatients,doctors,healthinsurersandresearchersspectofseekingoutnewformsofexpressionforprospectofseekingoutnewformsofexpressionfornewmaterialsandfunction,willfindspiritualkinship詞匯突破：1.Bunewith5.quail害怕6.attheprospectof主干識別：Anyoneandanyonewillfindspiritual其他成分：1.consideringtakingpartinaworkoftransformationofformsofolder2.whichseemtousinmanyways定語從句：whichthoseformsofolder3.sothattheyshouldbemoreinturnwiththechanging4.whodoesnotquail(害怕)attheprospectofseekingoutnew4.whodoesnotquail(害怕)attheprospectofseekingoutnewformsexpressionfornewmaterialsandnewbuilding5.狀語(Observing的動作發(fā)出者是1.consideringtakingpartinaworkoftransformationofthoseformsofAnyoneconsidertakingpartinaworkoftransformationofformsofolder2.whichseemtousinmanyways定語從句：whichthoseformsofolderartthoseformsofolderartseem(tous)(inmanyways)3.sothattheyshouldbemorein3.sothattheyshouldbemoreintunewiththechanging4.whodoesnotquail(害怕)attheprospectofseekingoutnewformsexpressionfornewmaterialsandnewbuildingAnyonedoesNotquailattheprospect5.observingAnyoneobserves275Whether75Whethertechfirms,ratherthanuniversities,arebestplacedtodelivergeneralprogressinAIisupfordebate.確定主干：Whether+從句isupfor15其他成分(whether)techfirms,ratherthan(而不是universitiesare其他成分(whether)techfirms,ratherthan(而不是universitiesareplacedtodelivergeneralprogressinAI主語從句從句主干：Techfirmsarebestplacedtodelivergeneralprogress(總體進展參考譯文：最有優(yōu)勢推進人工智能研究總體進展的地方是技術(shù)公司而不是高校嗎?寫作例句：WhethersmartdevicesarefavorablyinfluencinglearningisupforAndrewMoore,thedeanofCarnegieMellonUniversity’scomputer-department,worriesaboutthepotentialfora“seedcorn”problem:universitiescouldonedaylacksufficientstafftoproducefuturecrops確定主干：AndrewMooreworriesaboutthepotentialfora“seeddepartment同位語2.universitiescouldonedaylacksufficientstafftoproducefuture2.universitiescouldonedaylacksufficientstafftoproducefuturecrops獨立成句：1.AndrewMooreisthedeanofCarnegieMellon2.UniversitiescouldonedaylacksufficientstafftoproducefuturecropsAsbad,withfewerpeopledoingpureacademicresearch,sharingopenlyorworkingonprojectswithdecades-longtimehorizons,breakthroughscouldalsobe確定主干：sharingideasopenlyorworkingonprojectswithdecades-timehorizons(時間跨度futurebreakthroughscouldalsobe切分成分：Asbad狀語(同樣糟糕的是withfewerpeopledoingpureacademicresearch狀76 Yetdespiteself-congratulatory76 Yetdespiteself-congratulatoryrhetoricaboutbeing“theenvyoftheadishearteningproportionofhighereducationgetsfailinggradeswhenittodealingwiththatapathytoward1.self-congratulatoryrhetoric2.theenvyoftheworld讓世人羨慕3.disheartening令人沮喪failinggradesapathy冷漠獨立成句：withfewerpeopledoingpureacademic=fewerpeopledopureacademicButsuchriskswillnotnecessarilymaterialiseadishearteningproportionofhighereducationgetsfailingadishearteningproportionofhighereducationgetsfailingadishearteningproportion切分成分：1.Yetdespiteself-congratulatoryrhetoricaboutbeing“theoftheworld,”狀語2.whenitcomestodealingwiththatapathytowardlearning.狀語獨立成句：1.Yetdespiteself-congratulatoryrhetoricaboutbeing“theofthe2.whenitcomestodealingwiththatapathytoward77This77Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,andarationalizationexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.詞匯突破：1.Justification證明Rationalization證明…合理Exploitation剝削Superiority優(yōu)越InferiorityThisseemsajustificationforneglectandaThisseemsajustificationforneglectofthosein7878切分成分：ofthoseinneed定語ofexploitation定語ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom定語arationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.ThependulumbegantoswinginThependulumbegantoswinginthepostwarera,whenHarvardSchoolgradRobertMcNamaraandhis"whizkids"becamefamousformathematicalmodeling,gametheoryandcomplexstatisticalanalysisfortheAirCorps,doingthingslikeimprovingfuel-transporttimesandschedulingefficientbombing1：ThependulumhasswungbackandtheAmericancarcompaniesmadedramaticadvancesin2：Thepoliticalpendulumhasswunginfavourofthe3：ThepoliticalpenduluminAmericanpoliticsswungaway3：ThepoliticalpenduluminAmericanpoliticsswungawayfromright,puttinganendtothe12-yearRepublicanRevolutiononCapitolHilldeliveringasharprebukeofPresidentBushandtheIraq2.grad畢業(yè)生3.whizkids4.mathematicalmodeling5.gametheory6.statisticalanalysis7.ArmyAirCorps8.fuel-transport9.bombingraids確定主干：Thependulumbegantoswinginthepostwar切分成分：whenHarvardBusinessSchoolgradRobertMcNamaraand79Alarmed79AlarmedbyDonaldJ.Trump’sgripontheRepublicanpresidentialworldleadersarewrestlingwiththepossibilitythat,evenifhelosesthe"whizkidsbecamefamousforusingmathematicalmodeling,gametheoryandcomplexstatisticalanalysisfortheArmyAirCorps,定語從句中的狀語1.HarvardBusinessSchoolgradRobertMcNamaraandhiswhizkids"becamefamousforusingmathematicalmodeling,gametheoryandcomplexstatisticalanalysisfortheArmyAirCorps,2.Theydothingslikeimprovingfuel-transporttimesandschedulingmore-efficientbombingraids.RobertMcNamaraelection,hisascentreflectsastrainofAmericanpublicopinionelection,hisascentreflectsastrainofAmericanpublicopinionthatprofoundlyreshapethewaytheUnitedStatesaddressessecurityalliances詞匯突破：1.grip控制2.nomination提名3.wrestle：tostruggletodoSththatisdifficult例句：Thegovernmenthasbeenwrestlingwiththeproblemofthepollutioninrecent4.thegeneralelection5.ascent崛起=7.address處理8.astrainof一種=akind9.(securityalliancesandtrade)worldleadersarewrestlingwiththe其他成分：1.Alar