山西省運(yùn)城市2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中試題含解析

山西省運(yùn)城市2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）

本試題滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答題前，考生務(wù)必先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上，認(rèn)真核對(duì)條形碼上的姓

名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)，并將條形碼粘貼在答題卡的指定位置上。

2.答題時(shí)使用0.5毫米的黑色中性（簽字）筆或碳素筆書(shū)寫(xiě)，字體工整、筆跡清楚。

3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)在各題的答題區(qū)域（黑色線框）內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效。

4.保持卡面清潔，不折疊，不破損。

5.聽(tīng)力部分滿分30分，不計(jì)入總分。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)

涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱

讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

例如：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.

答案是B。

1.Whereistheman?

A.Inabookstore.B.Inalibrary.C.Inawaitingroom.

2.WhatwillthewomanprobablydothiscomingSunday?

A.Studyforatest.B.Callonherfriend.C.Goonapicnic.

3.Howmanyinvitationsintotaldoesthewomanhavetosend?

A.Five.B.Ten.C.Fifteen.

4.WhatdidOliverdolastweekend?

A.Hewasatameeting.B.HewenttoNewYork.C.liewatchedafootball

match.

5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

A.Waiterandcustomer.B.Hostandguest.C.Salesmanandcustomer.

第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完

后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.What'swrongwiththeman?

A.Hehasheadaches.B.Hehasarunnynose.C.Hehasatemperature.

7.Whendidtheproblembegin?

A.Twoweeksago.B.Twomonthsago.C.Threemonthsago.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8和9題。

8.WherehasBarbarabeen?

A.Milan.B.Florence.C.Rome.

9.WhathasBarbaragotinhersuitcase?

A.Shoes.B.Stones.C.Books.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.Whatistheproblemwiththewoman'swatch?

A.Itneedscleaning.B.Itisruinedbywater.C.Itneedsanewbattery.

11.Whatdoestheshopofferifthewomanchangesabatterythere?

A.Afreebattery.B.One-yearguarantee.C.Freecleaningservice.

12.Whycan'tthewomanhaveherwatchrepairedrightaway?

A.Themancan'tfixitatthemoment.

B.Thewomandoesn，thaveenoughmoneyonher.

C.Thereisnorightbatteryintheshopnow.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

A.Inasupermarket.B.Inadepartmentstore.C.Inarestaurant.

14.Whyisthemannervous?

A.BecausethisishisfirsttimetoChina.

B.BecauseheknowsnothingaboutChinesetablemanners.

C.Becausehedoesn，tknowwhetherhelikesChinesefoodornot.

15.What'stheruleoftablemannersthewomantellsthemantoobey?

A.Tomakehimselfathome.

B.Tolearntousechopsticks.

C.Tochooselessstrongwines.

16.Whatdoesthemanhavedinnerwith?

A.Chopsticks.B.Aknifeandfork.C.Aspoon.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatanimalscanbeseenintheaquarium?

A.Sharks.B.Whales.C.Polarbears.

18.Whatfoodcanthevisitorsgivethemonkeystoeat?

A.Speciallypreparedfood.B.Sweetbiscuits.C.Fruits.

19.Wheredomorethan300speciesofbirdscomefrom?

A.SouthAfrica.B.SouthAmerica.C.SoutheastAsia.

20.Whocanhelpthevisitorsiftheyhaveanyquestions?

A.Thespeaker.B.Thefriendlyfeeders.C.Thepeopleattheinformation

desk.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

BringingGoodsintotheUK

Youareallowedtobringsomegoodsforpersonalusewithoutpayingtaxorduty.

ArrivalsfromEUcountries

YoucanbringgoodsfromEUcountrieswithoutbeingchargedtaxordutyifthey

are:

?transportedbyyourself;?&giftorforpersonaluse;?boughtwithtaxand

dutyincluded

YoucanbringalcoholandtobaccofromEUcountrieswithoutrestrictionbutan

inquirymightberequireddependingontheamountofyourgoods.

ArrivalsfromoutsidetheEU

Youwillbefreeofdutyortaxoncertainamountsofgoodsbroughtfromoutside

theEU,aslongastheyareforyourownuse.Anygoodsthatarebeyondyourallowance

shouldbedeclared.

Alcohol&tobaccoallowance

Wine

TypeofAlcoholic

CigarettesCigarsTobaccoBeer(nmtsparkingSpirits

goodsdrinks

wine)

250161

Amount200504litres2litres

gramslitreslitres

S^Therearenoduty-freeallowancesfortobaccooralcoholifyou'reunder17.

Allowanceforothergoods:

Themaximumvalueofothergoodsyoucanbringis￡390.Anysingleitemthat

isworthmorethantheallowancewillbechargeddutyortaxonitsfullvalue.

Therateofdutyortaxonitemsabovetheallowanceis:

?2.5%forgoodsworthupto￡630;

?decidedbythetypeofgoodsworthabove￡630-checkbycallingtheVAT,Customs

andExciseHelpline.

InsidetheUK;03002003700

OutsidetheUK:+442920501261

Workingtime:8amto6pm,MondaytoFriday,

Bannedandrestrictedgoods

Goodsbannedinclude:

?illegaldrugs;?offensiveweapons;?endangeredanimalandplant,species;

?meatanddairyproductsfrommostnon-EUcountries.

Foodandplantproductsrestrictedinclude;

?productscontainingpestsanddiseases;

?productsgrownoutsidetheEU;

?productsnotforyourownuse.

Wereservetherighttoseizethegoodswhichareonsuspicionofviolating

intellectualpropertyrights.

1.WhichofthefollowingproductsfromoutsidetheEUhasthelargestduty-free

allowance?

A.Beer.B.Wine（notsparklingwine）.C.

Spirits.D.Alcoholicdrinks.

2.HowmuchtaxshallonecomingfromChinapayforaringboughtinAmericaworth

￡500?

A.￡2.75B.￡12.5C.￡110.D.￡130.

3.Whichofthefollowingitemsshallbebannedorrestricted?

A.AsetofRussiandolls.B.AbottleofFrenchwine.

C.AbrickofAustraliancheese.D.ApackageofSpanishcigarettes.

【答案】1.A2.B3.C

【解析】

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是?篇關(guān)于能夠帶入英國(guó)物品的說(shuō)明，包括可以帶入的物品、要被征

稅的物品和煙酒類產(chǎn)品的起征額度等信息。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Alcohol&tobaccoallowance表格中“Beer：16litres（啤酒:16升理

是所有商品中數(shù)額最大的，故“啤酒”這種來(lái)自歐盟以外的產(chǎn)品有最大的免稅額度。故選A。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Therateofdutyortaxonitemsabovetheallowanceis:92.5%

forgoodsworthupto￡630（超過(guò)免稅額的物品的稅率為：?630英鎊以下的商品價(jià)格為

2.5%）”可知，一個(gè)來(lái)自中國(guó)的人在美國(guó)買(mǎi)一枚價(jià)值500英鎊的戒指要交稅500*2.5%=12.5

英鎊。故選B。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Goodsbannedinclude:?meatanddairyproductsfrommostnon-EU

countries.（禁止的商品包括：來(lái)自大多數(shù)非歐盟國(guó)家的肉類和奶制品）”可知，澳大利亞奶

酪磚會(huì)被禁止帶入。故選C。

B

FranciscoFernandezdiedafterfallingoffamotorbike.The45-year-oldwasa

belovedcommunityfigure.Butwithapublic-facingjobandaspotonhislung,he

wasconsideredapossibleCOVID-19carrier.Adoctororderedhisfamilytoburyhim

quickly,againstPhilippinetradition,andalleightpeoplewholivedwithhimwere

putundera14-dayquarantine（隔離）intheircrowdedhome.

YetwhenAnthonyCortez,thedoctorwhohadorderedtherushedburialand

quarantine,arrivedtocheckontheFernandezfamily,noneofthemexpressedanger.

Instead,faceslitupandthekidswavedeagerly.

Cortez,theonlycommunitydoctorinBambang,hasoverseentheirmedicalcare

foryears.Theytrusthim,andhemakesthemlaugh.Thefamilygatheredoutsideto

havetheirtemperaturestakenbythedoctor.WhenthekidstriedtogiveCortezhigh

fivesfornothavingafever,the56-year-old,inasurgicalmask,faceshield,and

rubbergloves,showed"airfives"instead.Forthe56000peoplelivinginBambang,

Cortezistheirprimarycaregiverandthefirstresponder.

Whenthefirstcoronavirus（冠狀病毒）caseinthePhilippineswasconfirmedon

January30,thetown，sresponsefelltoCortez.HeandMayorPepitoBalgosdecided

totakeactionbasedonsciencethat,ifnecessary,wouldgobeyondnational

restrictions.CortezandBalgosaresharplyawareofthethreatthevirusposesto

Bambang,whichsitsinavalleysurroundedbymountains.AnyonegoingsouthtoManila

ornorthtowardtherestofthecountryendsuppassingthroughBambang.

Cortezquicklysetupasystemofcontacttracing.Usinginformationfromthe

town*s25villages,hemadealistofallthepeoplewhohadtraveledtoother

countries,andplacedthemunderstricthomequarantine.Anyonewithsymptomswould

bemovedtoacentersetupinthemountains.Sofarthatcenterhasremainedempty.

〃Itissafertoassumethateverybodyispositive,heexplained.

4.WhatisCortez，reactiontothedeathofFranciscoFernandez?

A.Expressinghissympathy.B.Drowninghimselfintomourn.

C.Showingprofessionalsensitivity.D.Followingthetradition.

5.OnwhatbasisdoesCorteztakestrictmeasurestoprotectBambang?

AItsgeographiccharacter.B.Itslackofmedicalstaff.

C.Itslargepopulation.D.Thedemandofthenation.

6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecontacttracingsystembyCortez?

A.Itistotallyawasteofeffort,B.Itiscomplainedaboutbylocal

people.

C.Itispraisedbyhigherauthorities,D.Itiseffectiveasaprotective

means.

7.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.Anovel,C.Amagazine.D.A

biography.

【答案】4.C5.A6.D7,C

【解析】

這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生Cortez針對(duì)村民感染新冠病毒的現(xiàn)狀，結(jié)合國(guó)家疫

情防控形勢(shì)和村子的地理特征，果斷采取措施，降低村民感染率的故事。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第一段內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句"Adoctororderedhisfamilytoburyhim

quickly,againstPhilippinetradition,andalleightpeoplewholivedwithhimwere

putundera14-dayquarantine（隔離）intheircrowdedhome.n可知，Cortez依據(jù)死

者的死亡檢查報(bào)告和疫情情況，迅速做出反應(yīng)并立即對(duì)死者的家人采取隔離措施。由此可推

知，Cortez展現(xiàn)出了他的職業(yè)敏感性。故選C項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段最后兩句"CortezandBalgosaresharplyawareofthethreatthe

virusposestoBambang,whichsitsinavalleysurroundedbymountains.Anyonegoing

southtoManilaornorthtowardtherestofthecountryendsuppassingthrough

Bambang.M可知，Bambang地處交通要道，Cortez意識(shí)到疫情可能會(huì)對(duì)它產(chǎn)生影響，決定采

取嚴(yán)格的防控措施。故選A項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句"Anyonewithsymptomswouldbemovedtoacenter

setupinthemountains.Sofarthatcenterhasremainedempty."可知，任何出現(xiàn)

了癥狀的人都會(huì)被送往山區(qū)的隔離點(diǎn)，而現(xiàn)在山區(qū)的隔離點(diǎn)還沒(méi)有人。由此可推知，Cortez

建立的接觸追蹤系統(tǒng)是有效的。故選D項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生Cortez投身于新冠病毒防控的故事。由

此可推知，本文很有可能選自雜志。故選C項(xiàng)。

C

Withtheweathergettinghot,bitescausedbymosquitoesnotonlyannoypeople,

butcanresultinmanyinfectiousdiseases.Evenwhenpeoplewearlongclothes,

mosquitoes'complexbitingmechanismenablesthemtobitesomeofthemthrough.

Itwouldbegreatifclothingcouldbeusedtocompletelypreventpeoplefrom

gettingbitten.Researcherstestedgraphene（石墨烯），amaterialthatisincredibly

thinbutreallystrong,inordertofindoutifitcanmakeclothingresistantto

mosquitoes.

Inthelabexperiment,volunteersexposedasmallpatchofskinontheirarm

orhandtoroughly100mosquitoesforfiveminutesatatime.Researcherstested

threedifferentsituations:volunteerswearingnoprotection,wearingcheesecloth

（薄紗棉布），orwearingcheeseclothplusathingraphenelayerunderit.

Avideocamerawasthenusedtorecordandquantifymosquitoes*behavior,

includingwhethertheylandedontheskin,howlongtheystayedthere,andwhether

theybegantodrawblood.Thenumberofbiteseachvolunteergotwasalsocalculated

basedonhowmanyswellingsdevelopedontheirskinafterward.Finally,researchers

droppedalittlewaterorsweatontopofthegraphenelayerandstudiedthe

consequence,andtheyalsotestedaslightlydifferent

graphenelayercalled"reducedgraphene”.

Asaresult,thenumberofmosquitobitesonnakedskinwasthehighest,about

16onaverage;skinonlyprotectedbycheeseclothgotthesecond,approximately10

perfiveminutes，exposure.Theexcitingfindingwasthattherewasnoswelling

developingonskincoveredbythethingraphenelayerundercheesecloth,whichmeans

thematerialiseffectiveatpreventingmosquitobites.Themosquitoeslandedon

skintotallyuncoveredorcoveredincheeseclothabout23timesonaverage,and

stayedforonetotwominutes.Comparatively,themosquitoeslandedonskincovered

inthegraphenelayerfewerthan10times,andthelengthoftheirstaywasmuch

shorter.Besides,waterorsweatcanruinthegraphenelayer,whichallowsmosquitoes

tobitethroughit.Butfortunately,thenumberofmosquitobitesineitherdryor

wetconditionscanbeloweredaslongasthegraphenematerialisimprovedtoa

certainextent.

8.Whydidresearchersconducttheexperiment?

A.Torecordthebehaviorofmosquitoes.

B.Tofindasubstancetopreventmosquitobites.

C.Tofindasolutiontostopinfectiousdiseases.

D.Totestgraphene，seffectivenessinpreventingmosquitobites.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"draw"inPargraph4probablymean?

A.bleedB.loseC.testD.suck

10.Inwhichwaydidresearchersdrawaconclusion?

A.Byanalyzingthereasons.B.Bycomparingthestatistics.

C.Byclassifyingthreesituations.D.Byrecordingmosquitoes'

behavior.

11.Whichofthefollowingshowshowthetextisdeveloped?

A.Cause-effect.B.Opinion-fact.

C.Assumption-conclusion.D.Phenomenon-evaluation.

【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.C

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述科學(xué)家們通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)石墨烯制成的衣服在應(yīng)對(duì)蚊蟲(chóng)叮咬方面有

一定的效果。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Itwouldbegreatifclothingcouldbeusedtocompletely

preventpeoplefromgettingbitten.Researcherstestedgraphene（石墨烯），amaterial

thatisincrediblythinbutreallystrong,inordertofindoutifitcanmakeclothing

resistanttomosquitoes.（如果衣服能完全防止人們被咬，那就太好了。研究人員測(cè)試了

石墨烯，一種非常薄但非常結(jié)實(shí)的材料，以確定它是否能使衣服抵抗蚊子。）”可知，研究

者做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是測(cè)試石墨烯預(yù)防蚊蟲(chóng)叮咬的有效性。故選Do

【9題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句"Avideocamerawasthenusedtorecordandquantify

mosquitoes'behavior,includingwhethertheylandedontheskin,howlongtheystayed

there,andwhethertheybegantodrawblood（然后用一臺(tái)攝像機(jī)記錄和量化蚊子的行

為，包括它們是否落在皮膚上，停留多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，以及它們是否開(kāi)始吸血。）和常識(shí)可知，蚊

子停留在人的皮膚上目的就是吸血，由此可知，此處〃draw〃的意思是suck“吸”。故選D。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Asaresult,thenumberofmosquitobitesonnakedskin

wasthehighest,about16onaverage;skinonlyprotectedbycheeseclothgotthe

second,approximately10perfiveminutes'exposure.（結(jié)果，蚊子叮咬裸露皮膚的

次數(shù)最多，平均約16次;只有粗棉布保護(hù)的皮膚得到第二，大約每5分鐘10次。）和“The

mosquitoeslandedonskintotallyuncoveredorcoveredincheeseclothabout23times

onaverage,andstayedforonetotwominutes.（這些蚊子平均有23次降落在沒(méi)有遮

蓋的皮膚上，或者被紗布覆蓋，停留1到2分鐘。）”可推知，研究者們通過(guò)比較數(shù)據(jù)得出

結(jié)論的。故選B。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itwouldbegreatifclothingcouldbeusedtocompletely

preventpeoplefromgettingbitten.（如果衣服能被用來(lái)完全防止人們被叮咬，那就太

好了o）”和最后一段“Butfortunately,thenumberofmosquitobitesineitherdry

orwetconditionscanbeloweredaslongasthegraphenematerialisimprovedto

acertainextent.（但幸運(yùn)的是，只要石墨烯材料在一定程度上得到改善，無(wú)論是干燥還

是潮濕條件下，蚊子叮咬的次數(shù)都可以降低。）”可得知，本文通過(guò)先提出假設(shè)再得出結(jié)論

的方式來(lái)介紹本文內(nèi)容的。故選C。

D

Chinesescientistshaveusedlaserstoaccuratelyidentifyspacedebrisinthe

Earth'sorbit.

Theteamappliedaspeciallydevelopedsetofrulestolaser-rangingtelescopes,

whichenabledthemtoidentifyspacejunkmoreeffectivelythanprevioustechniques.

uAfterimprovingthepointingaccuracyofthetelescopethroughaneuralnetwork,

spacedebriswithacrosssectionalareaofonesquaremeteratadistanceof1,500

kilometerscanhedetected,“TianmingMa,anauthorofthestudyfromtheChinese

AcademyofSurveyingandMapping,saidinastatement.

AccordingtoNASA,orbitaldebrisisanyman-madeobjectinorbitaroundthe

Earththatnolongerservesausefulfunction.Debriscanincludenon-functional

spacecraft,abandonedlaunchvehiclestages,andothermission-relatedspacejunk.

ItposesasignificantrisktoastronautsandspacecraftinorbitabovetheEarth

asittravelsveryfast-upto18,000milesperhour,whichisfasterthanabullet.

Worryingly,thereareestimatedtobemanymillionsoftinydebrispiecesin

low-Earthorbit,andtensofthousandstimeslargerthanasoftball,thespaceagency

said.Fortunately,therehavebeensurprisinglyfewcollisions.

Inthestudy,Maandhisteamusedtwodifferentneuralnetworkstohelpidentify

spacedebriswiththelaser-rangingtelescope.Theythentestedthismethodagainst

moretraditionaltechniques.Accordingtotheteam,thisisthefirsttimethat

neuralnetworkshavebeenusedtosignificantlyimprovethepointingaccuracyof

alaser-rangingtelescope.Theysaythelatestfindingscouldhavesignificant

implicationsformanoeuvringspacecraftinorbit.

Laser-rangingtechnologyhaspreviouslybeenusedtodetectspacejunk.However,

thesesystemshavelimitationswhenitcomestoaccuratelyidentifyingsmall,

fast-movingpieces.Infact,previouslaser-rangingmethodshaveonlybeenaccurate

toabout0.6miles.Inanattempttooverconetheinaccuraciesoflaser-ranging

techniques,theChineseteamusedso-calledneuralnetworkstoimprovethe

effectivenessoftheirtelescopesystem.Neuralnetworksarecomputingsystemswhich

areinspiredbybiologicalnetworksinthebrainandhavetheabilitytolearnto

becomebetterattaskswithoutbeinggivenaspecificsetofrulestofollow.

12.HowhaveChinesescientistsmadeprogressinidentifyingspacedebris?

A.Byimprovingtheaccuracyoflasertechnology.

B.Byadoptingnewlydevelopedtelescopesystems.

C.Byupgradingtheadvancedtraditionaltechnology.

D.Byapplyingneuralnetworkstolaser-rangingtelescopes.

13.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Theintroductiontoorbitaldebris.B.Theadvantagesofneural

network.

C.ThethreatofspacejunktotheEarth.D.Theimportanceofdetecting

spacedebris.

14.Whatisthepurposeofthefourthparagraph?

A.Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.B.Toprovidesomeadvicefor

scientists.

C.Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.D.Tointroduceanewtopicfor

discussion.

15.Whatdoweknowaboutneuralnetworksfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theycanspeedupcomputingsystems.

B.Theycanlearntoperformbetterindependently.

C.Theycandetectspacejunkinlow-Earthorbit.

D.Theycanperformtasksaccuratelyunderasetofrules.

【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.B

【解析】

這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要說(shuō)明了中國(guó)科學(xué)家已經(jīng)使用激光精確識(shí)別了地球軌道上空間碎

片。文章對(duì)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明，介紹了軌道碎片的相關(guān)知識(shí)以及這項(xiàng)研究的一些背景

知識(shí)。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theteamappliedaspeciallydevelopedsetofrulesto

laser-rangingtelescopes,whichenabledthemtoidentifyspacejunkmoreeffectively

thanprevioustechniques.4Afterimprovingthepointingaccuracyofthetelescope

throughaneuralnetwork,spacedebriswithacrosssectionalareaofonesquare

meteratadistanceof1,500kilometerscanhedetected,'TianmingMa,anauthor

ofthestudyfromtheChineseAcademyofSurveyingandMapping,saidina

statem6nt.（該團(tuán)隊(duì)將一套專門(mén)開(kāi)發(fā)的規(guī)則應(yīng)用于激光測(cè)距望遠(yuǎn)鏡，使他們能夠比以往的技

術(shù)更有效地識(shí)別太空垃圾。'通過(guò)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)提高望遠(yuǎn)鏡的指向精度后，在1500公里的距離

上，橫截面面積為1平方米的空間碎片就可以被他發(fā)現(xiàn)。'來(lái)自中國(guó)測(cè)繪科學(xué)院的研究作者

馬天明說(shuō)）”可知，在太空碎片識(shí)別方面，中國(guó)科學(xué)家通過(guò)將神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用于激光測(cè)距望遠(yuǎn)

鏡從而取得了進(jìn)展。故選D。

【13題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段aAccordingtoNASA,orbitaldebrisisanyman-madeobject

inorbitaroundtheEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction.Debriscaninclude

non-functionalspacecraft,abandonedlaunchvehiclestages,andother

mission-relatedspacejunk.Itposesasignificantrisktoastronautsandspacecraft

inorbitabovetheEarthasittravelsveryfast-upto18,000milesperhour,which

isfasterthanabullet.Worryingly,thereareestimatedtobemanymillionsoftiny

debrispiecesinlow-Earthorbit,andtensofthousandstimeslargerthanasoftball,

thespaceagencysaid.Fortunately,therehavebeensurprisinglyfewcollisions.（根

據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的說(shuō)法，軌道碎片是指在地球軌道上的人造物體，它們不再有任何有

用的功能。碎片包括無(wú)法使用的航天器、廢棄的運(yùn)載火箭級(jí)和其他與任務(wù)相關(guān)的太空垃圾。

它的速度高達(dá)每小時(shí)1.8萬(wàn)英里，比子彈還快，這對(duì)地球上空軌道上的宇航員和航天器構(gòu)成

了重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。令人擔(dān)憂的是，據(jù)估計(jì)近地軌道上有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的微小碎片，比壘球大數(shù)萬(wàn)倍,

航天局說(shuō)。所幸的是，碰撞事件出奇的少）”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是介紹軌道碎片。故

選Ao

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容“Inthestudy,Maandhisteamusedtwodifferentneural

networkstohelpidentifyspacedebriswiththelaser-rangingtelescope.Theythen

testedthismethodagainstmoretraditionaltechniques.Accordingtotheteam,this

isthefirsttimethatneuralnetworkshavebeenusedtosignificantlyimprovethe

pointingaccuracyofalaser-rangingtelescope.Theysaythelatestfindingscould

havesignificantimplicationsformanoeuvringspacecraftinorbit.（在這項(xiàng)研究中，

馬和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)使用兩種不同的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)幫助激光測(cè)距望遠(yuǎn)鏡識(shí)別空間碎片。然后，他們用

更傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)來(lái)測(cè)試這種方法。據(jù)該團(tuán)隊(duì)稱，這是神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)首次被用于顯著提高激光測(cè)距望

遠(yuǎn)鏡的指向精度。他們表示，最新的發(fā)現(xiàn)可能對(duì)操縱軌道上的航天器具有重大意義）”可推

知，第四段主要介紹了一些這項(xiàng)研究背景，即第四段的目的是補(bǔ)充一些背景信息。故選A。

【15題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中uNeuralnetworksarecomputingsystemswhichare

inspiredbybiologicalnetworksinthebrainandhavetheabilitytolearntobecome

betterattaskswithoutbeinggivenaspecificsetofrulestofollow.（神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

是一種計(jì)算系統(tǒng)，它受到大腦中生物網(wǎng)絡(luò)的啟發(fā)，有能力在沒(méi)有特定規(guī)則遵循的情況下學(xué)習(xí)

并更好地完成任務(wù)）”可知，神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以學(xué)會(huì)更好地獨(dú)立完成任務(wù)。故選B。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

Howtocongratulatesomeone

Joyfultimegoeshandinhandwithcongratulations.Whenyouaddressgraduates,

newly-weds,oranyonewithgoodnews,ahearty"Congratulations!”isinorder.To

sendcongratulationsmoreeffectively,you'dbetterobeythefollowingthreetips.

16Whenthereissomethingtocelebrate,don，tskirtaroundtheissue.

Explainwhyyoucongratulatethepersonrightoffthebat.17Besides,you

shouldsettherighttoneandsendcongratulationswiththerightwordstoshare

intheperson，shappinessmoreeasily.

Expresshowyoufeelaboutthesubject.18Forinstance,youmaysaythat

youadorethepersonwhotrieshardtoachievehisorhergoal,ormerelysayTm

sohappyforyou”.Rememberthatyourtoneofvoicecanreallycarryweight.19

Trytomakeyourcongratulationssincere.Yououghttomakeyourwordsand

actionsheartfelt,forwhateverreasonyousendcongratulationstosomeone.Surely

therewillbemomentswhenyourcomplimentsarenotgivenfromthebottomofyour

heart.20Remindyourselftocongratulateotherpeopleratherthannursing

jealousy,becausetheremaycomeatimewhenit'syourturntobeinthespotlight.

A.Spreadtheword.

B.Beasexpressiveasyoucan.

C.Bringupthesubject.

D.Butyou'dbetterbeasgenerousaspossible.

E.Youcanalsotellhimorherhowyouheardthenewsifnecessary.

F.Youfeelforcedtocongratulatesomeonewhenyouarenotreallyhappyforthem.

G.Youcanfurtherconveyyourfeelingsappropriatelyaftersaying

congratulations.w

【答案】16.C17.E18.G19.B20.D

【解析】

【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了了如何祝賀別人的三個(gè)技巧。

【詳解】1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)位置以及第二段中“Whenthereissomethingtocelebrate,don，t

skirtaroundtheissue.n當(dāng)有什么值得慶祝的時(shí)候，不?；乇苓@個(gè)問(wèn)題。可知，在有值

得慶祝的事情時(shí)、不要回避話題，即我們要提出這個(gè)話題。選項(xiàng)C."Bringupthesubject"

提起話題，可以概括本段。故選C。

2.根據(jù)前文“Explainwhyyoucongratulatethepersonrightoffthebat.”解釋一

下你為什么要馬上祝賀那個(gè)人。選項(xiàng)E.“Youcanalsotellhimorherhowyouheardthe

newsifnecessary.”如果有必要，你也可以告訴他或她，你是怎么聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息的。是對(duì)

上文的解釋，故選E。

3.根據(jù)前文“Expresshowyoufeelaboutthesubject.v表達(dá)你對(duì)這個(gè)話題的感受?？?/p>

知，接下來(lái)為闡述你對(duì)這件事情的感受。選項(xiàng)G.“Youcanfurtherconveyyourfeelings

appropriatelyaftersaying"congratulations.”你可以在說(shuō)完“恭喜”之后，再進(jìn)一

步表達(dá)你的感受。是對(duì)前文的補(bǔ)充和延續(xù)，符合文意，故選G。

4.上文提到“Rememberthatyourtoneofvoicecanreallycarryweight”記住你的語(yǔ)

氣要有分量，所以在表達(dá)情感時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)氣，盡量表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，選項(xiàng)B.“Beasexpressiveas

youcan.”盡可能的表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。符合文意，故選B。

5.結(jié)合上文提至！JuSurelytherewillbemomentswhenyourcomplimentsarenotgiven

fromthebottomofyourheart.”當(dāng)然，有些時(shí)候你的贊美不是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的選項(xiàng)與上文為

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)D.“Butyou'dbetterbeasgenerousaspossible."但你最好盡量慷

慨一點(diǎn)。呼應(yīng)主題句“盡量使你的祝賀真誠(chéng)”。故選D。

第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿