高考英語閱讀理解猜測詞意(詞義)解題策略(附練習答案)

2017屆新課標高考英語閱讀理解猜測詞意（詞義）解題策略

高考考情分析解讀：

詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理解題中的一種常見的題型。詞義猜測可以是對一個單詞

的意義推斷，也可以是對一個短語或一個句子的意義推斷，既可以是生詞生義，也可以

是熟詞新義，還可以是對替代詞所替代內容的判斷。通過對近年新課標全國卷分析統(tǒng)計

來看，詞義猜測題一般有1一2題?？疾橄鄬Ρ容^穩(wěn)定，但難度略有增加，需要在復雜的

句式中通過上下文綜合分析才能得出答案。在詞義猜測題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義

往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)短文提供的語境，通過閱讀上下文，根據(jù)已知的信息或常

識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或詞組的含義。

2016年全國卷設問形式例子：

(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"downside"inParagraph4probablymean?(2016年課標

全國卷H)

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinephrase"apipedream"inParagraph3mean?(2016年課標全國卷

HI)

(3)Whatdoestheword"contributions"inthelastparagraphreferto?(2015年課標全國卷I)

常見的命題形式有：

Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans"

Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelast

paragraph?

Theunderlinedword""inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby”

Whatdoesthephrase""inParagraph1mean?

本學案結構:

利用定義definition或同義解釋

利用構詞法word-building

單詞或短語

利用語境和邏輯關系

意思猜測題

根據(jù)語法知識猜測

根據(jù)常識commonsense判定

代詞指代猜測題目

句子猜測句意題目

附：典故諺語知識儲備

單詞或短語意思猜測題

該題型著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的能力，這也是一個從“已知”得出“未知”的過程,

即利用上下文的已知部分（尤其是該詞或短語前后的句子）進行推理，有時還需要依靠常識

和經(jīng)驗來猜測詞義?？疾榉秶婕皩δ硞€生詞或短語的含義的猜測、對某個熟詞進行生

義的猜測或考查該詞能被哪個單詞或短語代替等。

定義或者同義解釋：

作者常常通過給某些詞匯下定義來幫助讀者理解詞義，尤其在一些科普類、社科類及與

專業(yè)內容相關的文章中，定義解釋作者所用詞的準確含義。下定義時，作者通常使用信

號詞，如i.e.,is,are,is/arecalled,mean,referto,knownas等等。利用同義解釋猜詞

同義解釋形式多樣,有的利用下定義，有的利用or,thatis（tosay）,inotherwords,namely

等引出后面的解釋，有的利用破折號、同位語（從句）、定語從句或同義詞、近義詞等引出

后面的解釋。

DAnthropolo^yisthescientificstudyofman.

2).Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.

3).Thiswasaverydomesticatedbirdthatneededhelporitwouldnotsurvive.

A.Havingbeenabandoned

B.Havingbeenusedtohomelife

C.Havingbeenusedtolifeinthe

D.Havingbeenweakandhungry

4).Heisaresoluteman.Oncehesetsupagoal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.

5).Sheisbilingual.Inotherwords,shespeaksEnglishandFrenchequallywell.

6）.Transparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthrougha

window.

7）.Theschoolsarereluctanttotaketimeoff---eventeacherswithticketsforthe

England-Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff.

?Theunderlinedword“reluctant“mayprobablymean.

A.kindB.unwillingC.freeD.careless

同義詞（近義詞）

在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語言的單調、重復，有時會使用意思

相同或相近的詞。因此，考生只要讀懂上下文，知道其中一個詞的意思，就能猜出另外

一個詞的意思。并列關系（同義關系）提示詞：and,also,as...as,thesameas利用語境及

前后的提示來猜測詞義。

例如.

IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips-ofthose,51

havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干細胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegot

twoicepacksandthafshowlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvested

fromadonor（捐獻者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we5vegot72hoursat

most.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

題目.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?

A.providerB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctor

9）.Mr.Whitelovestotalk,hiswifeisalsoasloquaciousashim.

10）.MarkTwainwasnottheauthorJsrealname;itwasapseudonym.

1l）.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.

12）.Ifyouagree,write"Yes";ifyoudissent,write“No”.

13）.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalso

regarddrinkingashannftil.

利用構詞法猜詞

英語中有大量的單詞是通過合成或加前后綴構成的，運用構詞法判斷生詞的意義是一種

快速有效的解題方法。根據(jù)構詞法猜測詞義英語中的許多詞匯，特別是不斷出現(xiàn)的新詞

大多是通過構詞法生成的。因此，掌握主要的構詞法有助于猜測詞義。

根據(jù)詞根、前綴、后綴、復合、派生等猜測詞義。

super-inter-mini-micro--someanti-co-

post-pre--ship

pro-表示"往前”

progress['prougres]n./v.進步promotev.增進，促進，提高

pre-提前，領先

predictvt.預測preventvt.預防；妨礙previewn./v.預覽；預習

prevent

記：預先pre走掉Jvent,似went）是預防

Timelyrepetitionwillpreventyoufromforgettingwords.

及時重復才能預防忘記單詞。timelyadv.及時地repetitionn.重復

per“每個，都，一直”

personn.人percentn.百分比

persistv.堅持persuade[pSsweid]vt.說服，勸服

記：一直（per）碎碎（sua）念就可以說服

re.表示“再次，重復，往回，”

repeatn./v.重復rewritev.重寫，改寫

recallv.回想，記起；召回recoverv,重新獲得，恢復

reportn./v報告

表示“往上”的前綴up?和in-“向下”的前綴de

graden.等級，級別，成績

upgradedegrade

increasen./v上升增加decreasen./v減少，減小

in.除了表示“往上”，更重要的意思是“往里”。和它音近的im-,en-,em-

都是“往里”的含義

insidea.里面的

importvt.進口

記：port港口，進到（im-）港口來，叫進口

invitev.邀請

inkn.墨水

in.是“往里”，那想想“往外”怎么說？

往外ex-,e-

exportv./n出口expandv.擴張exitv.出口['eksit]

experiencen.經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗vt.體會explainv.解釋

exhibitv.展覽[ig*zibit;eg-]

表示否定的前綴：

un-unfair,unhappy

non-nonsmoker（常用在n.adj.adv.前）

in-inactive,inhuman,indirect（常用在adj.）

dis-disagree,disappear

im-impolite,impossible（用在bpm開頭的詞前）

il-illegal

ir-irreal,irregular

（B）.表示錯誤或失當?shù)那熬Y：

mis-misjudge,misdirect（誤導）

（C）,表示向背的前綴：

pro-（親，支持）pro-Chinese,pro-American

anti-（阻止,抗）antiwar,anti-Japanesewar

（D）.表示程度、大小的前綴

super-superstar,supermarket,

superman,superpower

over-overhead,overeat,overuse

mini-minibus,miniskirt,mini-car

under-underground,underestimate

semi-（半，部分）semicircle,semiskilled,

（E）.表示時間的前綴

pre-prewar

post-postwar

fbre?（前，預先）

foretell,

forecast,foresee,

weatherforecast

（F）.表示方位的前綴：

sub-subway,submarine

inter-international,

interclass（年級之間的）

trans-（橫過，通過，超越，進入）

transplant,

transatlantic（橫渡大西洋的）

常見的后綴

-ment名詞性后綴，表“行為，結果或具體物”

movev.移動；搬家movementn.運動，活動

agreev.同意agreementn.同意，協(xié)議

managev.管理managementn.管理

-tion名詞后綴，表動作，性質，狀態(tài)

l.n.行動action

2.n.污染pollution

3.n.人口population

4.n.手術operation

-ty名詞后綴，加在形容詞后面，表示特性或情況

1.n.誠實honesty

2.n.安全safety

3.n.多樣；種類；；變化variety

4.n焦慮anxiety

5.n.殘酷cruelty

-able,形容詞后綴有”能夠、有某種特性”的意思

1.adj.舒服的comfortable

2.adj.合適的suitable

3.adj.時尚的，時髦的fashionable

4.adj.有道理的，合理的，公道的reasonable

5.adj.可信賴的，可靠的

v.信賴relyreliable

6.adj.大量的；可觀的

考慮動詞是？

considerableadj.大量的，可觀的

7.adj.穩(wěn)定的

stableadj.穩(wěn)定的

記：s?音似“死”；-table桌子。一個死的桌子，肯定是很穩(wěn)定的。

8.adj可用的，可得到的

availableadj可用的，可得到的

-ish為形容詞和名詞后綴。

1.adj.愚蠢的foolish

2.adj.自私的selfish

記憶：一條自私的魚

3.n.垃圾rubbish

4.n.英語English

5.adj.英國的，英國人的British

-ful形容詞后綴

1.adj.鮮艷的，多姿多彩的colourful

2.adj.高興的，愉快的cheerfuldelightful

3.adj.有希望的，有前途的hopeful

4.adj有意義的，意味深長的meaningful

5.adj.奇妙的，極好的，精彩的wonderful

1.動詞變名詞：

-ation

satisfaction,education,realization

-ment

development,movement,disappointment

-al

arrival,refusal

-ee

trainee(受訓者),employee

-er

teacher,worker

-or

visitor,sailor

wrong-doer做錯事情的人

補充學習

over-:toomuchovercrowded

(l)Overworkmaycausediseases.

(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager'seyes.

2.en-動詞前綴enable,endanger,enrich

3.重要后綴?ment,?ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等

4.合成詞Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-dealhaffairs.

Down-to-earthspiritisanecessity.Sharpwordsfromateachercanusuallybringa

day-dreamingstudentdown-to-earth.

HernamewasRachel,andImoonedmywaythroughthegradeandhighschool,strickenatthe

meresightofher,tongue-tiedinherpresence....Atanyrate,myloveforRachelremained

withoutresult.Wegraduatedfromhighschool,shewentontocollege,andIjoinedtheArmy.

Iwassentoverseasduringthewar.Foratimewewrote,andherletterswerethehighlightof

thoseterribleendlessyears.

詞性轉換（解釋意思）

Heisamanwithbroadshoulders.

Wewillshouldertheresponsibilitiesatanytime.

Sowhensomeonehashurtyou,calmyourselffirst.Takeacoupleofbreaths,andthinkof

somethingthatgivesyoupleasure...Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymean

acceptingtheactionofthepersonwhoupsetsyou.

Nevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.（trouble詞性與意義？）

［真題演練］Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.

利用語境及邏輯關系猜詞

利用上下文語境和前后句之間的并列、因果、轉折、對比、解釋、定義和舉例等關系來

猜測詞義。同時要特別留心某些詞語，如or,thatis,inotherwords,including,although,

but,evenif,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,otherthan,ratherthan,morethan,instead

of等。

利用上下文線索猜測詞義

⑴重述

作者為了使某一難詞或術語的含義更清楚，通常會使用常用、簡明的詞或詞組對其

進行解釋，這就是重述。重述部分通過逗號與句子的其他部分隔開（有時也使用破折號、

冒號、分號或括號）或用信號詞引導。常見的信號詞有：or,namely,thatis,inotherwords,that

istosay,tobemoreexact,toputinanotherway等等。

［典例］Inthelibrary,Ifoundmywayintothe"Children'sRoom.”Isatdownonthefloor

andpulledafewbooksofftheshelfatrandom.Thecoverofabookcaughtmyeye.It

presentedapictureofabeagle.Ihadrecentlyhadabeagle,thefirstandonlyanimal

companionIeverhadasachild.

⑵舉例

作者常常會通過對某一難詞給出具體的例子，幫助讀者理解該詞的詞義。舉例常用的信

號詞有：suchas,such...as,forexample,fbrinstance,like,including,especially等。

［典彳列］Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspired

negativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.

1).Tommustbeveryaffluent.Hewearsexpensiveclothesandjewelry,drivesaRolls-Royce

convertible,andownsa$1,750,000houseinLondon.

2).Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,EnglishLearning,orReader's

Digest.

(3)對比轉折法：根據(jù)反義詞或對比關系猜測詞義。

有時作者會用表示對比或轉折的信號詞連接意思相反的兩個詞或句子，這時就可根據(jù)反

義詞線索猜測詞義。表示對比或反義的信號詞/詞組常見的有：(whether)...or,unlike,but,

yet,however,while,although,nevertheless,instead,ratherthan,incontrast,onthecontrary,on

theotherhand,but,however,although,though,while(然而)，ratherthan,insteadof

等標志詞。

［典彳列］Ifyou'retiredofwanderingaroundthegymwastingtimeandbecomingbored,you

canattendanupbeatgroupfitnessclassthafllkeepyourworkoutontrack.

73.Theunderlinedword“upbeat“inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans"”.

A.cheerfulB.average

C.seriousD.temporary

舉例：

Hehadbeengettingbetter,However,duringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.

Achild*sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,according

toBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.

ThoughTom,sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.

Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormake

newfriends.

Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.

對比Timeissomethingfromwhichwecan'tescape.Evenifweignoreit,ifsstillgoingby,

tickingaway,secondbysecond,minutebyminute,hourbyhour.Sothemainissueinusing

yourtimewellis,"Who'sincharge?”Wecanallowtimetoslipbyandletitbeourenemy.Or

wecantakecontrolofitandmakeitourally.

?Theunderlinedword"any”mostlikelymeanssomebodyorsomethingthatis.

A.yourslaveandservesyouB.yoursupporterandhelpsyou

B.underyourcontrolandobeysyouD.underyourinfluenceandfollowsyou

(4)因果關系法：根據(jù)前后句因果關系猜測詞義。

Signalwords:because,since,so,such...that,so...that,for,ect.

Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwastoofaint.

Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior(上司)，itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhat

todo

Theword“presumptuous“isclosestinmeaningtou.

A.fullofrespectB.rudeandtooconfident

C.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet

詞語再應用

1).Thecollisionofthetwocarscausedalotofdamagetoboth.

a),side-by-sideb).strikingc).acting

2).Mydogishostiletostrangersandthereforewillbarkatyouandmaybiteyouuntilhegets

toknowyou.

a),friendlyb).kindc).unfriendly

3).Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallowo

4).Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

5).Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswas

permanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.

因果Pleasestayonpermittedpaths.Otherwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants.Packoutwhat

youpackin,soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouareina

nationalparkwherewildlifeexists.

?Whatdotheunderlinedwords"packoutwhatyoupackin“probablymean?

A.Keepeverythingoutofcampgrounds.

B.Takeawayeverythingyoubringin.

C.Carryallthenecessaryfood.

D.Lookafteryourpersonalbelongings.

再如：

真題演練

[典例J]Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.Oneoftheverybest

varietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou'llneedawarm,shelteredplacewith

perfectsoiltogrowit,soit'sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream“inParagraph3mean?

A.Apracticalidea.B.Avainhope.

C.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire.

［典彳列］Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofevery

buildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:eitherchangethefirstfloorsof

theirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoisttheentire

buildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.

63.Theunderlinedword“hoist”inParagraph4means“

A.changeB.lift

C.repairD.decorate

根據(jù)語法知識猜測詞義

在英語句子中，同位語或同位語從句、定語從句等都起著解釋說明、補充或限定的作用，

因此也能提供猜測詞義的線索。

［典例］Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.

Thereweregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylon

werebothtyrannies,oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.

65.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tyrannies“inParagraph2referto?

A.Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp.

B.Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization.

C.Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom.

D.Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower.

根據(jù)生活常識斷兔

生活常識經(jīng)驗：根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，運用自己已有的常識，以及英美國家的

風俗習慣、宗教信仰、社會生活等將生詞推測出來。

1).Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots(嫩芽),oryoung

leavesoftrees.

Theword“pruning”means

A.RegularcuttingoftheplantsB.Frequentwatering

C.RegularuseofchemicalsD.Growingtheplantshighinthemountain

2).Husband：It'sreallycoldouttonight.Wife:Sureitis.Myhandsarealmostnumb.

Howaboutlightingthefireplace?

a),dyingb).frozenc).hurt

3).Theobjectsaroundyouarevisiblebecausetheyinteractwithlight.Lighttypicallytravelsin

astraightline.Butsomematerialsslowandscatter（散射）light,bouncingitawayfromits

originalpath.Othersabsorblight,stoppingitdeadinitstracks.Bothscatteringandabsorption

makeanobjectlookdifferentfromotherobjectsaroundit,soyoucanseeiteasily.

Theunderlinedword“dead"inParagraph3means.

A.silentlyB.gradually

C.regularlyD.completely

4）.Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.Iwasabletobuyitalittleovera

yearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothes

thatwouldn'tfit.Iletasalesclerkfbolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisaday

later,whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventyfivedollarslessthanIhad

paid.ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstations

signedoffforthenight.Fortunately,Ididn'tgetanychannelsshowingallnightmoviesorI

wouldneverhavegottentobed.

Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase“signedoff5inParagraph1?

A.endedalltheirprograms

B.providedfewerchannels

C.changedtocommercials

D.showedallnightmovies

代詞指代猜測題

代詞指代題要求考生依據(jù)語境的邏輯關系，判斷畫線的人稱代詞或指示代詞在文章中指

代的對象，包括考查it（指動物、無生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them（指代人、物、

事件的復數(shù)名詞），he/she等人稱代詞的指代意義，以及指示代詞this,that,these,those

等在文章中的指代意義，以考查考生對文章中敘述的特定的人、物、事件的再認能力。

常見的命題形式有：Theword"it/they"inthelastsentencerefersto"Whatdoes

“that/those/them“inParagraph3referto?

Severalsafaricampsoperateasthebaseforthisadventure,providinguniqueridestwiceaday

toexploredeepintothedelta.Thecampshaveexcellenthorses,professionalguidesandlotsof

supportworkers.Theyhaveareputationforprovidingagreatridingexperience.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"referto?

A.Floodedwaters.B.Wildlifejourneys.

C.Safaricamps.D.Uniquerides.

直接要求考生指出代詞所指的具體內容

［例］However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeit

morepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedsto

spendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.

?InParagraph2,theunderlinedword“that”refersto.

A.beinggoodatsomething

B.settingapracticalgoal

C.puttinginmoretime

D.succeedinginlife

間接考查考生對代詞指代內容的把握

因為代詞在上下文或上下句中起語義的銜接作用，在解答某些細節(jié)題時，如果不弄

清代詞的指代內容，就很難選出正確的答案。解題中，考生需要利用代詞的回指或預指

來理清上下句的銜接關系，從而找到問題的答案。

Itwashardtolifther.Shewasjustout.Buthemanagedtoraiseherthefourfeettothe

platformsothatbystanderscouldholdherbythegrinsanddragherawayfromtheedge.That

waswhereLisabrieflyregainedconsciousness,feltherselfbeingpulledalongtheground,and

sawsomeoneelseholdingherpurse.

?WhendidLisabecomeconsciousagain?

A.Whenthetrainwasleaving.

B.Aftershewasbackontheplatform.

C.Afterthepoliceandfireofficialscame.

D.Whenamanwascleaningthebloodfromherhead.

Twain'sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy,forexample,bythelengthypassagein

hisautobiography（自傳）abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled"niggershows"inhis

youth——mostlywithwhitemenperfbnninginblack-face—andhisdelightingettinghismother

tolaughatthem.

YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.Hisfrequentattacks

onslaveryandprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot.

?Whatdoestheunderlinedword<4they^^referto?

A.TheattacksB.Slaveryandprejudice

C.WhitemenD.Theshows

Two12-year-oldboys,ChristianandJack,rowedoutaboattosearchafootball.Oncethey'd

rowedbeyondthecalmwaters,abeachumbrellatiedtotheboatcaughtthewindandpulledthe

boatintoopenwater.Thepairpanickedandtriedtorowbacktoshore.Buttheywerenomatch

foritandtheboatwasoutofcontrol.

Whatdoes“it”referto?

A.ThebeachB.Thewater

C.TheboatD.Thewind

However,physicistJosephWestthinkstheremighthavebeenasimplerway,wholedthenew

study.Westsaid,“Iwasinspiredwhilewatchingatelevisionprogramshowinghowsledsmight

havehelpedwithpyramidconstruction.!thought,'Whydon'ttheyjusttryrollingthe

things?'"Asquarecouldbeturnedintoaroughsortofwheelbyattachingwoodenpolestoits

sides,herealized.That,henotes,shouldmakeablockofstone“aloteasiertorollthana

square”.

Sohetriedjt.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it”inParagraph7referto?

A.Rollingtheblockswithpolesattached.

B.Rollingtheblocksonwoodenwheels.

C.Rollingpolestomovetheblocks.

D.Rollingtheblockswithfat.

名師點津

解答代詞指代題時，我們要認真閱讀畫線詞所在句和前后鄰近句的內容，分析人稱轉換

和動作變換的詳細過程，理清其來龍去脈和前后的因果關系，從而準確推斷其指代的對

象。因此，理解上下文（特別是上句）的意思和代詞所在句的意思是解題的關鍵。

針對句子句意猜測題

名師點津

考查句意理解的試題一般出現(xiàn)在長難句中。對于這種試題，考生應該認真閱讀原文，特

別是畫線句子的上下文，準確理解作者的觀點，尤其是對特定的人、物、事件的褒貶觀

點，以準確推斷語句的含義。

句意猜測題通常需要考生猜測意思的是一個具有概括性的句子或是格言、諺語等，要求

考生通過閱讀文章，用合適的語句對其進行解釋性的描述。常見的命題形式有：

Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans"

TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph1probablymean.

While,deepdown,weknowwecandoit,ourmind-orthemindsofthosecloseto

us—usuallysayswecantThatisn'tareasontostop,it'sjustthemind,thatlittlemanor

womanonyourshoulder,tryingtotalkyououtofsomethingagain.lthasdoneitmanytimes

befbre.It^allaboutstartingsimpleanddoingitnow.

Decideandactbeforeoverthinking.Whenyoudothisyoumayfeelalittle,orlarge,release

fh）mthejailofyourmindandyou'llbeonyourway.

Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?

A.Escapefromyourpunishment.

B.Realizationofyourdreams.

C.Freedomfromyourtension.

D.Reductionofyourexpectations.

常見典故諺語（短語）知識儲備

skeletoninthecupboard/closet碗櫥里的骨架引申為：不為人知的家丑，不可外揚的

家丑，隱情”

thelaststraw壓垮駱駝的最后一根稻草,終于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事，終于使人不支

的最后一擊，導火線；

“havenineliveslikeacat”（富有生命力的）

youreapwhatyousow——分耕耘，——分收獲oursmallkindnessesoftenbringusrichrewards,

whileoursmalloffencecanbringdisasters.

seniorcitizens老年人，年長的人

aseasyaspie十分容易，輕而易舉

“meetone'sWaterloo^^（一敗涂地）

capitalpunishment死開ij

dogtired非常累

catch-22第二十二條軍規(guī)（指讓人左右為難的規(guī)定或處境）

“raincatsanddogs”（傾盆大雨）

Don'tcountyourchickensbefore/untiltheyarehatched.

雞蛋未孵出,先別數(shù)小雞。寓意:別高興太早了。

Pandora'sBox潘多拉魔盒（邪惡之源）、

seethehandwritingonthewall-seesignsthatdisasteriscoming

Achilles?heel阿基里斯的腳踵（致命弱點）、

theappleofsomebody'seye-achildwhoislovedverymuchbyhisorherparents.

視覺的核心”，即“眼睛中的蘋果（appleoftheeye）”時，我們就會聯(lián)想到，那是對我們

來說最為寶貴的東西。與漢語成語“掌上明珠”頗相似。

《圣經(jīng)》中的Adamiapple（喉結）、

afeatherinone'scap-somethingthatyoucanbeproudof

可夸耀的事，值得驕傲的事。

《圣經(jīng)》中的GardenofEden伊甸園（世外桃源）、

Shylock（夏洛克）來比喻“狡詐者，守財奴”

scratchthesurface隔靴搔癢，只觸及問題的表面或一小部分

其他古希臘典故：

theswordofDamocles（達摩克利斯之劍）“富貴中隱藏的危險”的同義語，也可以指形勢

危急，千鈞一發(fā)。

DamonandPythias生死之交

Penelop?sweb一項永遠也完不成的工作

appleofdiscord意思是“不和的根源、發(fā)生糾紛的事端”

daphne（月桂樹）古羅馬人便用月桂樹枝條編成冠冕，獎勵音樂、美術、體育競賽和作

戰(zhàn)的勝利者，“桂冠”就成了優(yōu)勝的標志和榮譽的象征。

猜測詞意練習題目：

Passage1

Aman'spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,and

fellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetoois

disgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage（宗系），andhis

tribe.

Theword“disgrace“meansinthistext.

A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shame

Passage2

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.Afew

membersoftheSenate（參議院）opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword"banished"mean.

A.killedbystoningB.sentaway

C.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

Passage3

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfroma

customer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehis

future.

Theword“jeopardize“meansinthistext.

A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stop

ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction.Eachclass

haduniquecharacteristics.

Inrecentyears,manywritershavebeguntospeakthe'declineofclass'and'classless

society,inBritain.Andinmodemdayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobe

middleclass.

Butpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly.Arecentwide-rangingsocietyof

publicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinparticularclass;73

percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthought

therewerestillsharpclassdifferences.Thus,classmaynotbeculturallyandpolitically

obvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety.Britainseemstohavealoveof

stratification.

42.ThewordstratificationinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.

A.variety

B.division

C.authority

D.qualification

Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswas

surprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelyto

havewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16

timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamily

socialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working----at

anyage----isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,

confidenceandcompetence--theunderpinnings（基石出）ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelp

himunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themost

competentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn'teverything.AsTolstoy

oncesaid,uOnecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,

toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone'swork.”

49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sharp“probablymeaninParagraph4?

A.Quicktoreact

B.Havingathinedge

C.Clearanddefinite

D.suddenandrapid

Infact,whenitcomestotheartofwar,antshavenoequal.Theyarecompletelyfearless

andwillreadilytakeonacreaturemuchlargerthanthemselves,attackinginlargegroupsand

overcomingtheirtarget.Suchistheirdevotiontothecommongoodofthecolonythatnotonly

soldierantsbutalsoworkerantswillsacrificetheirlivestohelpdefeatanenemy.

Behavinginthisselflessanddevotedmanner,theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedonEarth,

formorethan140millionyears,farlongerthandinosaurs.Becausetheythinkasone,they

haveacollective（集體的）intelligencegreaterthanyouwould