歷屆英語四級真題

2009年12月大學英語四級考試真題

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Createagreencampus

1.建設綠色校園十分重要

2.綠色校園不僅指綠色環(huán)境

3?為了建設綠色校園，我們應該……

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaid

Goodgradesandhightestscoresstillmatter-alot-tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.

Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-bound

populationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas

“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.

GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcut

thevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberof

recipients(接受者)，pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.Allegheny

CollegeinMeadville,pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.

Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N,Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.No

currentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawarded

beginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.

Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.

HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswho

don'tmeetneedeligibility(資格)havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-name

school.

Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportant

revenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethe

scholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.

Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruit

topstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofiles."They'retryingtobuystudents//Says

SkidmoreColegeeconomistSandyBaum.

Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordto

enrollwithoutit.

“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid."Says

MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmerit

scholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport'srankingofthe

bestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.

Meritaidzwhichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostof

about$1millionayear;"serveduswell/Inzersays,but〃tobediscountingthePriceforfamilies

thatdon'tneedfinancialaiddoesn'tfeelrightanymore/

Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federal

andinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,

bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.

Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%.Comparedwith47%

forneed-basedgrants,Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltop

studentsinthestate'spublicinstitutions.

Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus（異口I可聲）ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodrop

thepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingto

realizethatthere'sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon."SaysBaum,co-authorofarecent

CollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.

DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswould

liketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheir

competitors.

“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,“saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption

（豁免）fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointly

reducemeritaid."Thisisamerry-go-roundthat'sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutions

believetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves//

Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies.Who

don'tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinue

toincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.

ThatisonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn'tplantodropmeritaidentirely.

“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstruly

valuethescholarship/saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny'svicepresidentforenrollment.

EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment（捐贈），meanwhile,istaking

anotherapproach.Thisyear;itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcap

themformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmerit

program.

“Yeah,we'replayingthemeritgame/acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanfor

undergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoints,too,hesays."Thefactofthematteris,it's

notjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It'stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho's

beingpricedoutofmarket//

Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:

Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerally

knownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.

Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents'grades,GPAandoverallacademic

performanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollege

rightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswith

exceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,and

theycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,

studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalification

process.

Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcelinsportsofanykind,fromfootball

totrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptional

athleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee（裁判）。Applicantsneedto

sendinatablecontainingtheirbestperformance.

Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerally

includesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingfor

artisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio（選輯）ofsomesort,

whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceofavideoof

themdancing.

1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare

A)offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB)revisingtheirfinancialaidpolicies

C)increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD)changingtheiradmissionprocesses

2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?

A)IttriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogramB)Itadded$2.5milliontoits

need-basedaidprogram.

C)Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.D)Itcutitsmerit-basedaidtohelp

theneedystudents.

3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidto.

A)improveteachingqualityB)boosttheirenrollmentsC)attractgoodstudentsD)

increasetheirrevenues

4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes.

A)itdoesn'tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking,

B)itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievements.

C)it'sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudents.

D)it'snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition

5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhadincreasedmuchfastertheneed-basedaiddueto.

A)moregovernmentfundingtocollegesB)fiercecompetitionamonginstitutions

C)theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD)schools'improvedfinancialsituations

6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?

A)TheywouldliketoseeitreducedB)Theyregarditasanecessaryevil

C)TheythinkitdoesmoreharmthangoodD)Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-class

families

7.Whydoesn'tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?

A)Risingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies

B)Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid

C)Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit

D)Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid

8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain

9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorareferee

whotheirexceptionalathleticperformance.

10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheirina

particularartisticfield.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

11.A)GetsomesmallchangeB)Findashoppingcenter

C)CashacheckatabankD)Findaparkingmeter

12.A)ShoppingwithhissonB)Buyingagiftforachild

C)PromotinganewproductD)Bargainingwithasalesgirl

13.A)TakingphotographsB)EnhancingimagesC)MendingcamerasD)

PaintingPictures

14.A)HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasyoungB)Hecanprovidelittleuseful

information

C)HewillshowthewomanaroundBaltimoreD)Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelp

thewoman

15.A)HeisratherdisappointedB)Heishighlyambitious

C)Hecan'tfaceuptothesituationD)Heknowshisownlimitations

16.A)ShemusthavepaidalotforthegymB)Sheisknowntohaveaterrific

figure

C)HergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresultsD)Herefforttokeepfitisreally

praiseworthy

17.A)FemalestudentsareunfitforstudyingphysicsB)Hecanserveasthewoman'stutor

C)PhysicsisanimportantcourseatschoolD)Theprofessor'ssuggestionis

constructive

18.A)IndifferentB)DoubtfulC)PleasedD)Surprised

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard

19.A)HeprefersthesmallereveningclassesB)Hehassignedupforadaycourse

C)HehastoworkduringthedayD)Hefindstheeveningcoursecheaper

20.A)LearnacomputerlanguageB)Learndataprocessing

C)BuysomecomputersoftwareD)Buyafewcoursebooks

21.A)Thursdayevening,from7:00to9:45B)FromSeptemberItoNewYear'seve

C)EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeksD)Threehoursaweek,45hoursintotal

22.A)WhattobringforregistrationB)Wheretoattendtheclass

C)HowhecangettoFrostHallD)Whetherhecanuseacheck

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard

23.A)AtrainingcoachB)AtradingadviserC)AprofessionalmanagerD)A

financialtrader

24.A)HecansaveonlivingexpensesB)Heconsiderscookingcreative

C)HecanenjoyhealthierfoodD)Hethinkstake-awayistasteless

25.A)ItissomethinginevitableB)Itisfrustratingsometimes

C)IttakespatiencetomanageD)Itcanbeagoodthing

SectionB

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard

26.A)TherewerenoplanetswithoutmoonsB)TherewasnoairorwateronJupiter

C)LifewasnotpossibleinouterspaceD)Themysteryoflifecouldnotberesolved

27.A)IthasanumberofactivevolcanoesB)Ithasanatmosphereliketheearth's

C)IthasalargeoceanunderitssurfaceD)Ithasdeepcavesseveralmileslong

28.A)LightisnotanessentialelementtoitB)Lifecanforminveryhottemperatures

C)EveryformoflifeundergoesevolutionD)Oxygenisnotneededforsomelifeforms

PassageTwo

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard

29.A)WhethertheyshouldtakethechildhomeB)WhatDr.Meyer'sinstructionsexactly

were

C)WhoshouldtakecareofthechildathomeD)Whenthechildwouldcompletelyrecover

30.A)SheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswhenindoubtB)Shemakesthemwritedownall

herinstructions

C)ShehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoathomeD)Sheasksthemtorepeatwhat

theyaresupposedtodo

31.A)ItlacksthestabilityofprintedwordB)Itcontainsmanygrammatical

errors

C)ItisheavilydependentonthecontextD)Itfacilitatesinterpersonal

communication

PassageThree

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard

32.A)JobsecurityB)Goodlabourrelations

C)ChallengingworkD)Attractivewagesandbenefits

33.A)ManytediousjobscontinuetobedonemanuallyB)Moreandmoreunskilled

workerswilllosejobs

C)ComputerswillchangethenatureofmanyjobsD)Boringjobswillgraduallybe

madeenjoyable

34.A)OfferthemchancesofpromotionB)Improvetheirworking

conditions

C)EncouragethemtocompetewitheachotherD)Givethemresponsibilitiesas

partofateam

35.A)TheywillnotbringrealbenefitstothestaffB)Theyconcernasmallnumberof

peopleonly

C)TheyarearbitrarilysetbytheadministratorsD)Theyarebeyondthecontrolof

ordinaryworkers

SectionC

Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe(36)

intothreetypesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andprocess.

Factualwritingprovides(37)informationonanauthor;composerorartist,oronatype

ofmusic,literature,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenotesonabookjacketor

(38)coverandlongerpieces,suchasanarticledescribingastyleofmusicwhichyou

mightreadinamusic(39)course.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40)foryour

studyofthehumanities.

Asitsname(41),descriptivewritingsimplydescribes,orprovidesan(42)of,a

pieceofmusic,art,orliterature.Forexample,descriptivewritingmightlistthecolorsanartist

usedinapaintingorthe(43)acomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soasto

makepicturesorsoundsinareader'smindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44)

Processwritingexplainsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult.(45).This

kindofwritingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowanartistcreatedacertaineffectis

important.(46).

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Infamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild'slanguage

developmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.

Researchers(47)92familiesfrom11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,

interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,it

wasagroupofwell-educatedmiddle-classfamilies,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.

Whenthechildrenwere2,researchersvideotapedthemathomeinfree-playsessionswithboth

parents,(48)alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalof

AppliedDevelopmentalPsychology.

Thescientistsmeasuredthe(49)numberofutterances(話語)oftheparents,thenumberof

differentwordstheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesandother(50)oftheirspeech.On

average,fathersspokelessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutterancesor

proportionofquestionsasked.

Finally,theresearchers(51)thechildren'sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.

Theonlypredictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemother/slevelofeducation,the(52)of

childcareandthenumberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.

Theresearchersare(53)whythefather'sspeech,andnotthemother's,hadaneffect.

“It'swell(54)thatthemother'slanguagedoeshaveanimpact/saidNadyaPancsofar,thelead

authorofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad(55)hada

stronginfluenceontheirchildren'sspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,〃oritmaybethat

mothersare(56)inawaywedidn'tmeasureinthestudy."

A)alreadyB)analyzedC)aspectsD)charactersE)contributing

F)describingG)establishedH)quality1)quotedJ)recording

K)recruitedL)totalM)unconsciousN)unsure0)yet

SectionB

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage

Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesand

howthey'llchangeAmerica,Rightlyso.Butselfishly.KmmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaand

whatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.

AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld'sattention.Andthatmeansthatforthefirst

timepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-American

womantheysorarelysee.

Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethat

we'reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan'tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,

blackwomenstillcan'tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedby

ournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.

Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallblackwomenareviewed,includingMichelleObama.

Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,her

mosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimplytobeherself.

Itwon'tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregular

African-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceon

aregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Michellewillrepresentusall.

Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterest

intheFirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey'dliketosee

MichellebringtotheWhiteHouse-mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupport

hermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone-an

impossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(沉著)，

confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat'sbeenaroundforfartoo

long.

57.WhydoesMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheauthor?

A)SheservesasarolemodelforAfrican-Americanwomen

B)ShepossessesmanyadmirablequalitiesbecomingaFirstLady

C)ShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-Americanwomen

D)ShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-Americanwomen

58.WhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-Americanwomenaccordingtotheauthor?

A)TheyarevictimsoffamilyviolenceB)Theyareofaninteriorsocialgroup

C)TheyusequitealotofbodylanguageD)Theyliveoncharityandsocialwelfare

59.WhatdomanyAfrican-Americanswriteaboutintheirbolgs?

A)WhetherMichellecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherfans

B)HowMichelleshouldbehaveasapublicfigure

C)HowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteHouse

D)WhatMichelleshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteHouse

60.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMichelleObamaasaFirsLady?

A)Howevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainmodest

B)Sheshouldn'tdisappointtheAfrican-Americancommunity

C)Howeverhardshetries,shecan'texpecttopleaseeverybody

D)ShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen'sconcerns

61.WhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanwomenhopeMichelleObamaWilldo?

A)HelpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackwomenB)Helpherhusbandinthetaskof

changingAmerica

C)OutshinepreviousFirstLadiesD)Fullydisplayherfinequalities

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whennextyear,scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,

they'IIbejoinedbyanewface:AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教務長)ofYale,

whorIIbecomeOxford'svice-chancellor-apositionequivalenttouniversitypresidentinAmerica.

Hamiltonisn'ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc.

havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhasbecomeabigand

competitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,itsgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflow

isn'tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.

ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon'ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.For

example,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwanteda

leaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity'sbudget."Wedidn'

tdoanyglobalconsideration,“saysPatriciaHayes,theboard'schair,Theboardultimately

pickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活動家)whois

likelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising,Fund-raisingisa

distinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingability

islargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.

ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfundingBut

governmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumbersThedeclinein

governmentsupporthasmadefund-raisinganincreasinglynecessaryabilityamong

administrators,andhashiringcommitteeshungryforAmericans.

Inthepastfewyears,prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003.when

CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard.AnotherformerYaleprovost,asits

vice-chancellor.Theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen(監(jiān)督)

“amajorstrengtheningofYale,sfinancialposition”

Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn'ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeans

moreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromote

internationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbodyForeignerscanofferafreshperspective

onestablishedpractices.

62.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?

A)InstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheU.S.

B)Alotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasadministrators

C)Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents

D)Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofund-raising

63.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?

A)TheirpoliticalcorrectnessB)Theirabilitytoraisefunds

C)TheirfameinacademiccirclesD)Theiradministrativeexperience

64.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?

A)Thetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably

B)Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentsupervision

C)Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization

D)Mostoftheirrevenuescomefromthegovernment

65.CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause.

A)shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoneyB)shecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswith

Yale

C)sheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseasD)shehadboostedYale'sacademic

status

66.Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment?

A)Theycanenhancetheuniversity'simageB)Theywillbringwiththem

moreinternationalfaculty

C)TheywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspectiveD)Theycansetupnewacademic

disciplines

PartVCloze(15minutes)

Olderpeoplemustbegivenmorechancestolearniftheyaretocontributetosocietyratherthan

beafinancialburden,accordingtoanewstudyonpopulationpublishedrecently.

Thecurrentapproachwhich67onyoungerpeopleandonskillsforemploymentnot68to

meetthechallengesofdemographic(人口結(jié)構的)change,itsays.Only1%oftheeducation

budgetis69spentontheoldestthirdofthepopulation.

The70includethefactthatmostpeoplecanexpecttospendathirdoftheirlivesin71,

thattherearenowmorepeopleover59thanunder16andthat11.3millionpeopleare72

statepensionage.

“73needstocontinuethroughoutlife.Ourhistoricconcentrationofpolicyattentionand

resources74youngpeoplecannotmeetthenew75saysthereport'sauthor;Professor

StephenMcNair.

Themajor76ofoureducationbudgetisspentonpeoplebelowtheageof25.77peopleare

changingtheirjobs,78,partnersandlifestylesmoreoftenthan79,theyneedopportunities

tolearnateveryage.80somepeoplearestartingnewcareersintheir50sandlater.

Peopleneedopportunitiestomakea“midlifereview”to81tothelaterstagesofemployed

life,andtoplanforthetransition(過渡)82retirementwhichmaynowhappen83atany

pointfrom50toover90,saysMcNair.

Andthereshouldbemoremoney84tosupportpeopleinestablishinga85ofidentity

andfindingconstructive86forthe“thirdage”,the20ormoreyearstheywillspendin

healthyretiredlife.

67.A)operatesB)focusesC)countsD)depends

68.A)superiorB)regularC)essentialD)adequat

69.A)currentlyB)barelyC)anxiouslyD)heavily

70.A)regulationsB)obstaclesC)challengesD)guidelines

71.A)enjoymentB)retirementC)stabilityD)inability

72.A)overB)afterC)acrossD)beside

73.A)IdentifyingB)LearningC)InstructingD)Practicing

74.A)atB)byC)inD)on

75.A)desiresB)realmsC)needsD)intentions

76.A)measureB)ratioC)areaD)portion

77.A)WhenB)UntilC)WhetherD)Before

78.A)neighborsB)moodsC)homes