雅思英語考試經(jīng)典資料匯編1：Practice Test 1

12

practiceTest1

LISTENING

SECTION1Questions1-10

Questions1-5

ciycletheappyopyiatelettey.

Example

whathasthewomanlost?

AabriefcaseCahandbag

BasuitcaseDawallet

1whatdoesherbriefcaselooklike?

ABCD

2whichpictureshowsthedistinguishingfeatures?

ABCD

3whatdidshehaveinsideherbriefcase?

Awallet,pensandnovel

Cpensandnovel

Bpapersandwallet

Dpapers,pensandnovel

Listening

4wherewasshestandingwhenshelostherbriefcase?

ABCD

5whattimewasitwhenshelostherbriefcase?

ABCD

Questions6-10

completethe∫ormwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS∫oreachanswer.

PERSONALDETAILSFORM

Name：Mary(6)

Address：Flat

2

(7) (8)Road

canterbury

Telephone：(9)

Estimatedvalueoflostitem：(10)$

14

practiceTest1

SECTION2

Questions11-21

Questions11-13

TicktheTHREEOtheritemswhicharementiOnedinthenewsheadlines.

NEWSHEADLINES

ARiversfloodinthenorth

"

Example

BMoneypromisedfordroughtvictims

CNursesonstrikeinMelbourne

DPassengersrescuedfromship

EPassengersrescuedfromplane

FBusandtraindriversnationalstrikethreat

GTeachersdemandmorepay

HNewuniformforQANTASstaff

INationalairportsundernewmanagement

Listening

Questions14-21

completethenotesbelowbywritingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSinthespacesprovided.

TheGovernmentplanstogive(14)$toassistthe

farmers.Thismoneywastobespentonimprovingsydney,s

(15)buthasnowbeenre-allocated.

Australiahasexperienceditsworstdroughtinoverfiftyyears.

Farmerssaythatthemoneywillnothelpthembecauseitis

(16).

Anaeroplanewhichwascarryingagroupof(17)

wasforcedtolandjust(18)minutesaftertake-off.

Thepassengerswererescuedby(19).The

operationwashelpedbecauseofthegoodweather.Thepassengers

thankedthe(20)forsavingtheirlivesbut

unfortunatelytheylosttheir(21).

16

practiceTest1

SECTION3Questions22-31

Questions22-25

circletheappropriateletter.

Example

Thestudentislookingfortheschoolof

AFineArts.

BEconomicHistory.

CEconomics.

DAccountancy.

22Theorientationmeeting

Atookplacerecently.

Btookplacelastterm.

Cwilltakeplacetomorrow.

Dwilltakeplacenextweek.

23Attendanceatlecturesis

Aoptionalafter4pm.

Bcloselymonitored.

Cdifficulttoenforce.

Dsometimesunnecessary.

24Tutorialstakeplace

Aeverymorning.

Btwiceaweek.

Cthreemorningsaweek.

Dthreeafternoonsaweek.

25

Thelecturer,snameis

ARoberts.

BRawson.

CRogers.

DRobertson.

Listening

Questions26-31

completethenotesbelowusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS.

ca“zaezef“czeMe/ta；

TutoriaIpaper:

.從pcecea5似azkON從甲c“e/tapcc，st“de/taM“at；

.(26)5az25Mc/“tea

.(27)

.甲c“etaeect“zez5azMazkc/甲

Essaytopic:

幼a“aee夕(28)

Typeofexam:

(29)

Library:

9Mpazta/tkaakaazec/(30).

Focusofcourse:

Fac“aa/(31).

18

practiceTest1

SECTION4Questions32-41

Questions32-33

circletheappropriateletter.

32ThespeakerworkswithintheFacultyof

AscienceandTechnology.

BArtsandsocialsciences.

CArchitecture.

DLaw.

33TheFacultyconsistsfirstlyof

Asubjects.

Bdegrees.

Cdivisions.

Ddepartments.

Questions34-36

completethenotesmNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS.

Thesubjectstakeninthefirstsemesterin

thiscoursearepsychology,sociology,

(34)………….and

.……..

studentsmayhaveproblemswith

(35)………….and

(36)………..

Reading

Questions37-41

ciycletheappyopyiatelettey.

37Thespeakersaysstudentscanvisither

A

B

C

D

everymorning.

somemornings.

morningsonly.

Fridaymorning.

38Accordingtothespeaker,atutorial

Aisatypeoflecture.

Bislessimportantthanalecture.

Cprovidesachancetoshareviews.

Dprovidesanalternativetogroupwork.

39whenwritingessays,thespeakeradvisesthestudentsto

Aresearchtheirworkwell.

Bnamethebookstheyhaveread.

Cshareworkwiththeirfriends.

Davoidusingotherwriters’ideas.

40Thespeakerthinksthatplagiarismis

Aacommonproblem.

Banacceptablerisk.

Caminorconcern.

Daseriousoffence.

41Thespeaker’saimsareto

Aintroducestudentstouniversityexpectations.

Bintroducestudentstothemembersofstaff.

Cwarnstudentsaboutthedifficultiesofstudying.

Dguidestudentsroundtheuniversity.

20

practiceTest1

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-15whicharebasedonReadingpassage1below

Aspark,aflint:Howfireleapttolife

Thecontroloffire_____________________________________glasseswerealso

wasthefirstand

perhapsgreatest

ofhumanity,s

stepstowardsa

life-enhancing

technology

Toearlyman,fire

wasadivinegift

randomlydelivered

intheformof

lightning,forest

fireorburninglava.

unabletomake

flamefor

themselves,the

earliestpeoples

probabhstoredfire

bykeepingslowburninglogsalightorbycarryingcharcoalinpots.

Howandwheremanlearnthowtoproduceflameatwillisunknown.Itwasprobablyasecondaryinvention,accidentallymadeduringtool-makingoperationswithwoodorstone.studiesofprimitivesocietiessuggestthattheearliestmethodofmakingfirewasthroughfriction.EuropeanpeasantswouldinsertawoodendrillinaroundholeandrotateitbrisklybetweentheirpalmsThisprocesscouldbespeededupbywrappingacordaroundthedrillandpullingoneachend.

TheAncientGreeksusedlensesorconcavemirrorstoconcentratethesun’sraysandburning

usedbyMexicanAztecsandthechinese.

Percussionmethodsoffire-lightingdatebacktoPaleolithictimes,whensomestoneAgetool-makersdiscoveredthat

chippingflints

producedsparks.

Thetechnique

becamemore

efficientafterthediscoveryofiron,about5000vears

agoInArcticNorthAmerica,theEskimosproducedaslow-burningsparkbystrikingquartzagainstironpyrites,acompoundthatcontainssulphur.Thechineselittheirfiresbystrikingporcelainwithbamboo.InEurope,thecombinationofsteel,flintandtinderremainedthemainmethodoffire-lightinguntilthemid19thcentury.

Fire-lightingwasrevolutionisedbythediscoveryofphosphorus,isolatedin1669byaGermanalchemisttryingtotransmutesilverintogold.Impressedbytheelement’scombustibility,several17thcenturychemistsusedittomanufacturefire-lightingdevices,buttheresultsweredangerouslyinflammable.withphosphoruscostingthe

Reading

eqimalentofseveralhundredpoundsperounce,thehrstmatcheswereexpensive.

Thequestforapracticalmatchreallybeganafter1781whenagroupofFrenchchemistscameupwiththephosphoriccandleorEtherealMatch,asealedglasstubecontainingatwistofpapertippedwithphosphorus.whenthetubewasbroken,airrushedin,causingthephosphorustoself-combust.Anevenmorehazardousdevice,popularinAmerica,wastheInstantaneousLightBox—abottlefilledwithsulphuricacidintowhichsplintstreatedwithchemicalsweredipped.

Thefirstmatchesresemblingthoseusedtodayweremadein1827byJohnwalker,anEnglishpharmacistwhoborrowedtheformulafromamilitaryrocket-makercalledcongreve.costingashillingabox,congrevesweresplintscoatedwithsulphurandtippedwithpotassiumchlorate.Tolightthem,theuserdrewthemquicklythroughfoldedglasspaper.

walkerneverpatentedhisinvention,andthreeyearslateritwascopiedbyasamuelJones,whomarketedhisproductasLuci∫ers.Aboutthesametime,aFrenchchemistrystudentcalledcharlessauriaproducedthefirst“strike-anywhere”matchbysubstitutingwhitephosphorusforthepotassiumchlorateinthewalkerformula.However,sincewhitephosphorusisadeadlypoison,from1845match-makersexposedtoitsfumessuccumbedtonecrosis,adiseasethateatsawayjaw-bones.Itwasn,tuntil1906thatthesubstancewaseventuallybanned.

Thatwas62yearsafteraswedishchemistcalledpaschhaddiscoverednon-toxicredoramorphousphosphorus,adevelopmentexploitedcommerciallybypasch,scompatriotJELundstromin1885.Lundstrom,ssafetymatchesweresafebecausetheredphosphoruswasnon-toxic;itwaspaintedontothestrikingsurfaceinsteadofthematchtip,whichcontainedpotassiumchloratewitharelativelyhighignitiontemperatureof182degreescentigrade.

AmericalaggedbehindEuropeinmatchtechnologyandsafetystandards.Itwasn,tuntil1900thattheDiamondMatchcompanyboughtaFrenchpatentforsafetymatches—buttheformuladidnotworkproperlyinthedifferentclimaticconditionsprevailinginAmericaanditwasanother11yearsbeforescientistsfinallyadaptedtheFrenchpatentfortheUs.

TheAmericans,however,canclaimseveral“firsts”inmatchtechnologyandmarketing.In1892theDiamondMatchcompanypioneeredbookmatches.Theinnovationdidn,tcatchonuntilafter1896,whenabreweryhadthenovelideaofadvertisingitsproductinmatchbooks.TodaybookmatchesarethemostwidelyusedtypeintheUs,with90percenthandedoutfreebyhotels,restaurantsandothers.

otherAmericaninnovationsincludeananti-afterglowsolutiontopreventthematchfromsmoulderingafterithasbeenblownout;andthewaterproofmatch,whichlightsaftereighthoursinwater.

22

practiceTest1

Questions1-8

completethesummarybelow.chooseyouranswers∫romtheboxatthebottomo∫thepageandwritetheminboxes18onyouranswersheet.

NBTherearemorewordsthanspacessoyouwillnotusethemallYoumayuseanyo∫thewordsmorethanonce.

EARLYFIRE-LIGHTINGMETHODS

primitivesocietiessawfireasa...(Example)...gift.Answerheavenly

Theytriedto...(1)...burninglogsorcharcoal...(2)...thattheycouldcreatefirethemselves.Itissuspectedthatthefirstman-madeflameswereproducedby...(3)...

Theveryfirstfire-lightingmethodsinvolvedthecreationof...(4)...by,for

example,rapidly...(5)...awoodenstickinaroundhole.Theuseof...(6)...orpersistentchippingwasalsowidespreadinEuropeandamongotherpeoplessuchasthechineseand...(7)....Europeanpracticeofthismethodcontinueduntilthe1850s...(8)...thediscoveryofphosphorussomeyearsearlier.

Listofwords

Mexicansrandomrotatingdespitepreserverealisingsunlightlackingheavenlypercussionchancefrictionunawarewithoutmake

heatingEskimossurpriseduntilsmoke

Rreading

Questions9-15

LooKatthe∫ollowingnotesthathavebeenmadeaboutthematchesdescribedinReadingpassage1.Decidewhichtypeo∫match(A-H)correspondswitheachdescriptionandwriteyouranswersinboxes915onyouranswersheet.

NBTherearemorematchesthandescriptionssoyouwillnotusethemall.Youmayuseanymatchmorethanonce.

Example

couldbelitaftersoakinginwater

Answer

H

NOTES

9madeusingalesspoisonoustypeofphosphorus

10identicaltoaprevioustypeofmatch

11causedadeadlyillness

12firsttolooklikemodernmatches

13firstmatchesusedforadvertising

14reliedonanairtightglasscontainer

15madewiththehelpofanarmydesign

TypesofMatches

AtheEtherealMatch

BtheInstantaneousLightbox

CCongreves

DLucifers

Ethefirststrike-anywherematch

FLundstrom,ssafetymatch

Gbookmatches

Hwaterproofmatches

24

practiceTest1

READINGPASSAGE2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions16-28whicharebasedonReadingpassage2below.

Zooconservationprogrammes

oneofLondonZoo,srecentadvertisementscausedmesomeirritation,so

patentlydiditdistortreality.Headlined“WithoutZoosyoumightaswelltelltheseanimalstogetstuffed”,itwasborderedwithillustrationsofseveral

endangeredspeciesandwentontoextolthemyththatwithoutZooslike

LondonZootheseanimals“willalmostcertainlydisappearforever”.WiththeZooworld,srathermediocrerecordonconservation,onemightbe

forgivenforbeingslightlyscepticalaboutsuchanadvertisement.

Zooswereoriginallycreatedasplacesofentertainment,andtheirsuggestedinvolvementwithconservationdidn,tseriouslyariseuntilabout30years

ago,whentheZoologicalsocietyofLondonheldthefirstformal

internationalmeetingonthesubject.Eightyearslater,aseriesofworld

conferencestookplace,entitled“TheBreedingofEndangeredspecies”,andfromthispointonwardsconservationbecametheZoocommunity,s

buZZword.ThiscommitmenthasnowbeenclearhdefinedinTheWorldZpo

conservationstrategy(WZGs,september1993),whichalthoughan

importantandwelcomedocumentdoesseemtobebasedonanunrealisticoptimismaboutthenatureoftheZooindustry

TheWZcsestimatesthatthereareabout10,000Zoosintheworld,ofwhicharound1,000representacoreofqualitycollectionscapableofparticipatinginco-ordinatedconservationprogrammes.Thisisprobablythedocument,sfirstfailing,asIbelievethat10,000isaseriousunderestimateofthetotal

numberofplacesmasqueradingasZoologicalestablishments.ofcourseitisdifficulttogetaccuratedatabut,toputtheissueintoperspective,Ihave

foundthat,inayearofworkinginEasternEurope,IdiscoverfreshZoosonalmostaweeklybasis.

ThesecondflawinthereasoningoftheWZcsdocumentisthenaivefaithitplacesinits1,000coreZoos.onewouldassumethatthecalibreoftheseinstitutionswouldhavebeencarefullyexamined,butitappearsthatthecriterionforinclusiononthisselectlistmightmerelybethattheZooisamemberofaZoofederationorassociation.Thismightbeagoodstartingpoint,workingonthepremisethatmembersmustmeetcertainstandards,butagainthefactsdon,tsupportthetheory.ThegreatlyrespectedAmericanAssociationofZoologicalParksandAquariums(AAZPA)hashadextremelydubiousmembers,andintheUktheFederationofZoologicalGardensofGreatBritainandIrelandhas

Reading

occasionallyhadmembersthathavebeenroundlycensuredinthenationalpress.TheseincludeRobinHillAdventureparkontheIsleofWight,whichmanyconsideredthemostnotoriouscollectionofanimalsinthecountry.Thisestablishment,whichforyearswasprotectedbytheIsle,slocalcouncil(whichvieweditasatouristamenity),wasfinallycloseddownfollowingadamningreportbyaveterinaryinspectorappointedunderthetermsoftheZooLicensingAct1981.Asitwasalwaysacollectionofdubiousrepute,oneisobligedtoreflectuponthestandardsthattheZooFederationsetswhengrantingmembership.ThesituationisevenworseindevelopingcountrieswherelittlemoneyisavailableforredevelopmentanditishardtoseeawayofincorporatingcollectionsintotheoverallschemeoftheWZcs.

EvenassumingthattheWZcs,s1,000corezoosareallofahighstandardcompletewithscientificstaffandresearchfacilities,trainedanddedicatedkeepers,accommodationthatpermitsnormalornaturalbehaviour,andapolicyofco-operatingfullywithoneanotherwhatmightbethepotentialforconservation?colinTudge,authorofLastAnimalsattheZoo(oxforduniversitypress,1992),arguesthat“iftheworld”szoosworkedtogetherinco-operativebreedingprogrammes,thenevenwithoutfurtherexpansiontheycouldsavearound2,000speciesofendangeredlandvertebrates,.Thisseemsanextremelyoptimisticpropositionfromamanwhomustbeawareofthefailingsandweaknessesofthezooindustrythemanwho,whenamemberofthecouncilofLondonZoo,hadtopersuadethezootodevotemoreofitsactivitiestoconservation.Moreover,wherearethefactstosupportsuchoptimism?

Todayapproximately16speciesmightbesaidtohavebeen“saved”bycaptivebreedingprogrammes,althoughanumberofthesecanhardlybelookeduponasresoundingsuccesses.Beyondthat,aboutafurther20speciesarebeingseriouslyconsideredforzooconservationprogrammes.GiventhattheinternationalconferenceatLondonZoowasheld30yearsago,thisisprettyslowprogress,andalongwayoffTudge,stargetof2,000.

26

practiceTest1

Questions16-22

Dothe∫ollowingstatementsagreewiththeviewso∫thewriterinReadingpassage2?Inboxes16-22write

YES

NO

NOTGIⅤEN

i∫thestatementagreeswiththewriter

i∫thestatementcontradictsthewriter

i∫itisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

Example

LondonZoo,sadvertisementsarepoorlypresented.

Answer

NOTGIVEN

16LondonZoo,sadvertisementsaredishonest.

17Zoosmadeaninsignificantcontributiontoconservationupuntil30yearsago.18TheWZcsdocumentisnotknowninEasternEurope.

19ZoosintheWzCsselectlistwerecarefullyinspected.

20No-oneknewhowtheanimalswerebeingtreatedatRobinHillAdventurepark.21colinTudgewasdissatisfiedwiththetreatmentofanimalsatLondonZoo.

22Thenumberofsuccessfulzooconservationprogrammesisunsatisfactory.

Questions23-25

choosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminboxes23-25onyouranswersheet.

23WhatweretheobjectivesoftheWZcsdocument?

Atoimprovethecalibreofzoosworld-wide

Btoidentifyzoossuitableforconservationpractice

Ctoprovidefundsforzoosinunderdevelopedcountries

Dtolisttheendangeredspeciesoftheworld

24whydoesthewriterrefertoRobinHillAdventurePark?

AtosupporttheIsleofwightlocalcouncil

Btocriticisethe1981ZooLicensingAct

CtoillustrateaweaknessinthewZcsdocument

DtoexemplifythestandardsinAAZPAZoos

Reading

25whatwordbestdescribesthewriter,sresponsetocolinTudges,predictiononcaptivebreedingprogrammes?

A

B

c

D

disbelieving

impartial

prejudiced

accepting

Questions26-28

Thewritermentionsanumberoj∫actorsHhichleadhimtodoubtthevalueo∫theWzcs

documentWhichTHREEo∫the∫ollowing∫actorsarementioned?Writeyouranswers(A-F)inboxes26-28onyouranswersheet.

ListofFactors

Athenumberofunregisteredzoosintheworld

Bthelackofmoneyindevelopingcountries

ctheactionsoftheIsleofwightlocalcouncil

DthefailureoftheWzcstoexaminethestandardsofthe“corezoos”

EtheunrealisticaimoftheWzcsinviewofthe

numberofspecies“saved”todate

FthepoliciesofWzcszoomanagers

28

practiceTest1

READINGPASSAGE3

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions29-40whicharebasedonReadingpassage3below.

ARCHITECTURE-ReachingfortheSky

Architectureistheartand

scienceofdesigningbuildingsandstructures.Abuilding

reflectsthescientificand

technologicalachievementsoftheageaswellastheideasandaspirationsofthe

designerandclient.The

appearanceofindividual

buildings,however,isoftencontroversial.

Theuseofanarchitecturalstylecannotbesaidtostartorfinishonaspecificdate.

Neitherisitpossibletosay

exactlywhatcharacterisesaparticularmovement.Buttheoriginsofwhatisnow

generallyknownasmodernarchitecturecanbetraced

backtothesocialand

technologicalchangesofthe18thand19thcenturies.

Insteadofusingtimber,

stoneandtraditionalbuildingtechniques,architectsbegantoexplorewaysofcreating

buildingsbyusingthelatesttechnologyandmaterials

suchassteel,glassand

concretestrengthenedsteelbars,knownasreinforced

concrete.Technological

advancesalsohelpedbring

aboutthedeclineofrural

industriesandanincreaseinurbanpopulationsaspeoplemovedtothetownstoworkinthenewfactories.suchrapidanduncontrolledgrowth

helpedtoturnpartsofcitiesintoslums.

Bythe1920sarchitectsthroughoutEuropewerereactingagainstthe

conditionscreatedby

industrialisation.Anewstyleofarchitectureemergedtoreflectmoreidealisticnotionsforthefuture.ItwasmadepossiblebynewmaterialsandconstructiontechniquesandwasknownasModernism.

Bythe1930smanybuildingsemergingfromthismovement

weredesignedinthe

Internationalstyle.Thiswas

largelycharacterisedbythebolduseofnewmaterialsandsimple,geometricforms,oftenwith

whitewallssupportedbystilt-

likepillars.Thesewerestrippedofunnecessarydecorationthatwoulddetractfromtheirprimarypurpose—tobeusedorlivedin.

walterGropius,charles

Jeanneret(betterknownasLe

corbusier)andLudwigMiesvanderRohewereamongthemostinfluentialofthemanyarchitectswhocontributedtothe

developmentofModernismin

thefirsthalfofthecentury.Buttheeconomicdepressionofthe1930sandthesecondworldwar(1939-45)preventedtheirideasfrombeingwidelyrealiseduntiltheeconomicconditions

improvedandwar-torncities

hadtoberebuilt.Bythe1950s,theInternationalstylehad

developedintoauniversal

approachtobuilding,which

standardisedtheappearanceofnewbuildingsincitiesacrosstheworld.

unfortunately,thisModernistinterestingeometricsimplicityandfunctionbecameexploitedforprofit.Therediscoveryof

quick-and-easy-to-handlereinforcedconcreteandanimprovedabilityto

prefabricatebuildingsectionsmeantthatbuilderscould

meetthebudgetsof

commissioningauthoritiesandhandlearenewed

demandfordevelopment

quicklyandcheaply.Butthisledtomanybadlydesignedbuildings,whichdiscredited

theoriginalaimsof

Modernism.

InfluencedbyLe

corbusier，sideasontown

planning,everylargeBritish

citybuiltmulti-storeyhousingestatesinthe1960s.Mass-

produced,low-costhigh-risesseemedtoofferasolutiontotheproblemofhousinga

growinginner-citypopulation.Butfarfrommeetinghumanneeds,thenewestatesoftenprovedtobewindswept

desertslackingessential

socialfacilitiesandservices.Manyofthesebuildingswerepoorlydesignedand

constructedandhavesincebeendemolished.

Bythe1970s,anewrespectfortheplaceofbuildings

withintheexistingtownscapearose.preservinghistoric

buildingsorkeepingonlytheirfacades(orfronts)grew

common.Architectsalso

begantomakemoreuseofbuildingstylesandmaterialsthatweretraditionaltothearea.ThearchitecturalstyleusuallyreferredtoasHighTechwasalsoemerging.It

Reading

celebratedscientificand

engineeringachievementsby

openlyparadingthe

sophisticatedtechniquesusedinconstruction.suchbuildingsarecommonly

madeofmetalandglass;examplesarestansted

airportandtheLloyd,s

buildinginLondon.

Disillusionmentatthe

failureofmanyofthepoor

imitationsofModernist

architectureledtointerestinvariousstylesandideasfromthepastandpresent.Bythe1980sthecoexistenceof

differentstylesofarchitectureinthesamebuildingbecame

knownaspostModern.other

architectslookedbacktothe

classicaltradition.Thetrendinarchitecturenowfavourssmallerscalebuildingdesignthat

reflectsagrowingpublic

awarenessofenvironmentalissuessuchasenergy

efficiency.LiketheModernists,peopletodayrecognisethata

welldesignedenvironment

improvesthequalityoflifebutisnotnecessarilyachievedby

adoptingonewelldefinedstyleofarchitecture.

Twentiethcentury

architecturewillmainlybe

rememberedforitstall

buildings.Theyhavebeen

madepossiblebythe

developmentoflightsteel

framesandsafepassenger

lifts.TheyoriginatedintheUsoveracenturyagotohelp

meetthedemandformoreeconomicaluseofland.Asconstructiontechniques

improved,theskyscraper

becameareality.

Ruthcoleman

Questions29-35

completethetablebelowusingin∫ormation∫romReadingpassage3.writeNOMORE

THANTHREEWORDS∫oreachanswer.writeyouranswersinboxes29-35onyouranswersheet.

PERIOD

STYLEOF

PERIOD

BUILDINGMATERIALS

CHARACTERISTICS

Before18thcentury

Example

traditional

...(29)...

1920s

introductionof

...(30)...

steel,glassandconcrete

explorationoflatesttechnology

1930s-

1950s

...(31)...

geometricforms

1960s

declineof

Modernism

pre-fabricatedsections

...(32)...

1970s

endofModernistera

traditionalmaterials

...(33)...

ofhistoricbuildings

1970s

beginningof...(34)...era

metalandglass

sophisticatedtechniquesparaded

1980s

post-Modernism

...(35)...

30

ListBEFFECTS

AThequalityoflifeisimproved.

BArchitecturereflectstheage.

CAnumberofthesehavebeenknockeddown.

DLightsteelframesandliftsaredeveloped.

EHistoricalbui