考點(diǎn)05閱讀理解技巧-高一英語寒假大培優(yōu)講義

考點(diǎn)05閱讀理解技巧·模塊一閱讀理解解題步驟·模塊二閱讀理解技巧及特訓(xùn)·模塊三實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練15篇（2024年四校八校精選考題）模塊模塊一閱讀理解解題步驟（一）考核目標(biāo)1.能理解文章的基本內(nèi)容；2.能歸納文章的主旨大意；3.能推測(cè)文章中的隱含意思；4.能根據(jù)上下文正確理解詞語和句子；5.能運(yùn)用閱讀技能完成不同文體的閱讀任務(wù)。（二）題型設(shè)置基本題型及題形特征主旨大意題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)所讀材料中心思想的概括。其考察形式有很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、中心思想或目的大意等；細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考察考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解。這一題型常見的命題方式有：事實(shí)認(rèn)定題、排序題、圖形辨認(rèn)題、數(shù)字運(yùn)算題；推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題；判斷詞義題主要考察考生根據(jù)一定的上下文猜測(cè)生詞的詞義能力。要求從句子結(jié)構(gòu)、段落、文章中推斷或根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推斷詞義。模塊模塊二閱讀理解技巧（三）答題技巧1.

采用先題后文。先讀題目，再帶著問題讀文章。讀一題看一段文章，做完一題再看下一題。這類閱讀理解文章相對(duì)來說事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題稍多一點(diǎn)，如果帶著問題讀文章，有利于我們抓細(xì)節(jié)。2.理解與速度考生要處理好理解與速度的關(guān)系。答題時(shí)要力求情緒平穩(wěn)，不要一味追求速度而影響理解的準(zhǔn)確性；不要拘泥于一詞一句的理解；不要遇到不懂的地方就反復(fù)讀，影響閱讀速度。比較好的閱讀方法是邊看邊想邊理解。遇到生詞或看不懂的地方先做個(gè)記號(hào)，繼續(xù)看下去，因?yàn)橐恍┮呻y點(diǎn)往往會(huì)在下文中得到解決。

關(guān)于閱讀速度，難度中等的文章應(yīng)為每分鐘60個(gè)單詞左右；難度較低、生詞不超過總詞匯量20％的材料，閱讀速度應(yīng)為每分鐘70個(gè)單詞左右。一般來說，“超綱”而又影響閱讀理解的詞匯都會(huì)用中文標(biāo)出詞義。只有保證了閱讀的速度才有可能在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成閱讀、復(fù)讀及答題的任務(wù)。3.閱讀訓(xùn)練方式在訓(xùn)練方式方面要力求多樣化。常見的閱讀訓(xùn)練方式有：掠讀、尋讀、精讀和泛讀等。在掠讀、尋讀時(shí)要掌握查閱的技巧。查閱時(shí)考生應(yīng)迅速找到某一特定信息在短文中的位置，并以這個(gè)位置為中心，擴(kuò)展到上文和下文，尋求正確答案?？忌獙W(xué)會(huì)用掃視的方法尋找信息。掃視時(shí)，眼睛要縱向而不是橫向移動(dòng)。運(yùn)用掃視來擴(kuò)大視覺范圍能幫助考生又快又準(zhǔn)確地捕捉到想要查找的信息。

考生應(yīng)根據(jù)閱讀目的選擇閱讀方式，調(diào)整閱讀速度，合理分配閱讀時(shí)間。4.生詞處理考生在閱讀時(shí)一定會(huì)碰上生詞或記不清楚的詞匯。遇到這種情況時(shí)，考生可以通過上下文猜測(cè)詞義。具體方法如下：（1）根據(jù)生詞前后詞匯的意思或整個(gè)句子的意思來猜測(cè)生詞。例如：Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.根據(jù)句子后部分begantoread可以猜出spectacle的意思為‘“眼鏡”。（2）根據(jù)語法知識(shí)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)來猜測(cè)生詞。例如：Theywillbeonthenightshiftfrommidnightto6a.m.nextweek.此句兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的部分表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。（3）根據(jù)說明詞義的定語從句來猜測(cè)生詞。例如：Thetypeofmeteriscalledmultimeter,whichisusedtomeasureelectricity.從上句中的定語從句可以推斷出multimeter是“萬能表”的意思。（4）根據(jù)已知事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)來猜測(cè)生詞。例如：ThefamilyhadjustmovedandtheyoungwomanwasfeelingalittlemelancholyonthatSundayinMay.Afterall,itwasMother’sdayand800milesseparatedherfromherparentsinanotherstatefaraway.根據(jù)上下文的陳述，“剛剛搬家，遠(yuǎn)離父母，正好是星期天，又是母親節(jié)，而兩代人卻天各一方”等事實(shí)，可以推斷出年輕妻子當(dāng)時(shí)憂郁、傷感的心情，并由此猜測(cè)出生詞melancholy的意思。（5）學(xué)會(huì)只猜測(cè)生詞的大概意思，而不必追求其準(zhǔn)確含義。例如：TheAsiangibbon,likeotherapes,isespeciallyadaptedforlifeintrees.在這句話中，考生只要猜出自gibbon是apes（類人猿）的一種就行了，毋須知道其準(zhǔn)確意思。（6）運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法判斷生詞的詞義，也是提高閱讀速度的一種技巧?？忌梢酝ㄟ^已知的

詞綴（包括前綴和后綴）和詞根就能猜測(cè)生詞的含義。例如，單詞telescope由前綴tele（意思是far）和scope（意思是instrumentforseeingorobserving）構(gòu)成，整個(gè)單詞的意思是“望遠(yuǎn)鏡”。為了熟練使用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測(cè)生詞，考生在平時(shí)應(yīng)多積累詞綴以及詞根方面的知識(shí)。5.利用信號(hào)詞進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)和推測(cè)

在閱讀過程中，為了既迅速又準(zhǔn)確地理解文章的含義，利用信號(hào)詞預(yù)測(cè)非常重要。信號(hào)詞可以揭示句子內(nèi)在關(guān)系或文章各部分之間的關(guān)系（見下表）。特別是在快速閱讀時(shí)，它能幫助考生預(yù)測(cè)文章信息，提高閱讀速度。部分信號(hào)詞及其所預(yù)示的信息:however,onthecontrary,although等信號(hào)詞引出的內(nèi)容是與上文相反的論述，或作者不同的觀點(diǎn)

similarly,equally,also,besides,furthermore,inotherwords等下文與前面所講內(nèi)容相同或相似

forexample,forinstance等具體例證，說明上文中的論點(diǎn)

foronething,ontheotherhand等下文還有另外一方面

inaword,inshort等后面的句子是對(duì)上文的總結(jié)

actually,infact,thepointis…,astudysurveyfound/showed/provedthat…等后面的句子往往是作者想要表達(dá)和強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容或觀點(diǎn)此外，在利用信號(hào)詞進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)，考生還需注意以下三點(diǎn)：（1）遇到預(yù)示前后內(nèi)容相同或相近，或者補(bǔ)充說明的信號(hào)詞時(shí)，可以適當(dāng)加快閱讀速度，或借此推測(cè)生詞的詞義。（2）文中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高的實(shí)詞可以幫助考生確定文章的主旨大意。（3）出現(xiàn)代詞I,we,my,our,轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,however,yet，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,should,oughtto,連詞although,though。其后所述內(nèi)容與剛提到的內(nèi)容相反，或暗示作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度等信號(hào)詞時(shí)，要放慢閱讀速度，因?yàn)槠涓浇男畔⑼敲}和答題的主要線索或依據(jù)。（四）解題策略考查組織結(jié)構(gòu)的文章通常行文組織結(jié)構(gòu)都比較清晰、規(guī)范，因此，具備文體、寫作方式和文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)方面相關(guān)知識(shí)對(duì)于有效解答此類題目具有至關(guān)重要的作用。記敘文可以采取以時(shí)間為序、以地點(diǎn)為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序（開端、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局）等敘事方式進(jìn)行寫作。以故事情節(jié)為序又可以不按照時(shí)間的先后順序敘述，比如，先寫結(jié)局，再寫其他,最后寫高潮，這種敘事手法叫做倒敘。議論文總體上可以分為四類：第一類，“提出論點(diǎn)——分論點(diǎn)一——分論點(diǎn)二——分論點(diǎn)三……——結(jié)論”；第二類，“引入段——導(dǎo)出論點(diǎn)——分點(diǎn)論述——結(jié)論”；第三類，“提出問題——分析問題——解決問題”；第四類，“提出反面觀點(diǎn)——批駁反面觀點(diǎn)——提出正面觀點(diǎn)”。3)說明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、對(duì)比或比較等說明方式進(jìn)行寫作，而這些說明方式都是為了使文章要說明的內(nèi)容或問題更加清晰明了、真實(shí)可信，或者更具說服力。模塊模塊三實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練15篇一、閱讀選擇（2023上·上?！じ咭晃挥袑W(xué)?？计谥校㎝aketheMostofCollegeDearDaughter,AswedroveofffromColumbia,Iwantedtowritealettertoyoutotellyouallthatisonmymind.First,Iwanttotellyouhowproudweare.GettingintoColumbiaisarealproofofwhatagreatwellroundedstudentyouare.Youshouldbeasproudofyourselfasweare.Yourcollegeyearswillbethemostimportantofyourlife.Itisincollegethatyouwilldiscoverwhatlearningisabout.Thiswillbetheperiodwhereyougofromteachertaughttomasterinspired,afterwhichyoumustbeeselflearner.Sodotakeeachsubjectseriously,andevenifwhatyoulearnisn’tcriticalforyourlife,thelearningskillsyouacquirewillbesomethingyouwillvalueforever.Followyourpassionincollege.Takecoursesyouthinkyouwillenjoy.Don’tbetrappedbywhatothersthinkorsay,butmakeupyourownmind.Mostimportantly,makefriendsandbehappy.Collegefriendsareoftenthebestinlife.Pickafewfriendsandbeereallyclosetothempicktheoneswhoaregenuinetoyou.Don’tworryabouttheirhobbies,grades,looksorevenpersonalities.Startplanningearlywhatwouldyouliketodo?Wherewouldyouliketolive?Whatwouldyouliketolearn?Ithinkyourplantostudyfashionisgood,andyoushoulddecidewhereyouwanttobe,andgetontotherightcourses.Whetheritissummerplanning,orcourseworkplanning,orpickingamajor,ormanagingyourtime,youshouldtakecontrolofyourlife.Iwillalwaysbethereforyou,butthetimehaseforyoutobeinthedriver’sseatthisisyourlife,andyouneedtobeincontrol.Beingincontrolfeelsgreat.Tryit,andyou’llloveit!Collegeisthefouryearswhereyouhave:●thegreatestamountoffreetime●thefirstchancetobeindependent●themostflexibilitytochange●thelowestriskformakingmistakesSopleasetreasureyourcollegeyearsmakefulluseofyourfreetime,beeanindependentthinkerincontrolofyourdestiny,bebravetoexperiment,learnandgrowthroughyoursuccessesandchallenges.MayyouryearsatColumbiabethehappiestofyourlife,andmayyoublossomintojustwhatyoudreamtobe.Love,Dad(&Mom)1．Whatdoestheauthoradvisehisdaughtertodoincollege?A．Makeasmanyfriendsaspossible.B．Partywithfriendsinherfreetime.C．Paynoattentiontowhateverothersthinkorsay.D．Treasureandmakethebestofhercollegeyears.2．Whichofthesepiecesofadviceisgiveninthearticle?a.thinkandliveindependently

b.learnhowtolearnc.choosefriendswithsimilarpersonalitiesd.begenuineandsinceretoeverybodye.trynewthingsA．a(chǎn)bd B．bce C．cde D．a(chǎn)be3．Fromthetext,wecanconcludethefather________.A．isworriedabouthisdaughter B．isstrictwithhisdaughterC．isoptimisticabouthisdaughter’sfuture D．issadthathisdaughterisleavinghome【答案】1．D2．D3．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一位父母寫給即將進(jìn)入大學(xué)的女兒的一封信，告訴女兒如何度過大學(xué)生活，寄托了父母的殷切期望。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Sopleasetreasureyourcollegeyearsmakefulluseofyourfreetime,beeanindependentthinkerincontrolofyourdestiny,bebravetoexperiment,learnandgrowthroughyoursuccessesandchallenges.”（所以，請(qǐng)珍惜你的大學(xué)時(shí)光——充分利用你的空閑時(shí)間，成為一個(gè)掌握自己命運(yùn)的獨(dú)立思考者，勇于嘗試，在成功和挑戰(zhàn)中學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)。）可知，作者建議女兒要珍惜大學(xué)時(shí)光，充分利用大學(xué)時(shí)光獲得個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Don’tbetrappedbywhatothersthinkorsay,butmakeupyourownmind.”（不要被別人的想法或說法所困，要自己做決定。）及第六段最后一句“Ithinkyourplantostudyfashionisgood,andyoushoulddecidewhereyouwanttobe,andgetontotherightcourses.”（我認(rèn)為你學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)尚的計(jì)劃很好，你應(yīng)該決定你想要做什么，選擇合適的課程。）及倒數(shù)第二段“beeanindependentthinkerincontrolofyourdestiny”（成為掌握自己命運(yùn)的獨(dú)立思考者）可知，作者建議女兒在大學(xué)應(yīng)該獨(dú)立思考，獨(dú)立生活。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段后半句“bebravetoexperiment,learnandgrowthroughyoursuccessesandchallenges.”（勇于嘗試，在成功和挑戰(zhàn)中學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)。）可知，作者建議女兒要嘗試新事物，新挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)第三段第三四句“Thiswillbetheperiodwhereyougofromteachertaughttomasterinspired,afterwhichyoumustbeeselflearner.Sodotakeeachsubjectseriously,andevenifwhatyoulearnisn’tcriticalforyourlife,thelearningskillsyouacquirewillbesomethingyouwillvalueforever.”（這將是你從老師授課到大師啟發(fā)的時(shí)期，之后你必須成為自學(xué)的人。所以要認(rèn)真對(duì)待每一門學(xué)科，即使你所學(xué)的對(duì)你的生活并不重要，你獲得的學(xué)習(xí)技能將是你永遠(yuǎn)珍視的東西。）及第六段最后一句“Ithinkyourplantostudyfashionisgood,andyoushoulddecidewhereyouwanttobe,andgetontotherightcourses.”（我認(rèn)為你學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)尚的計(jì)劃很好，你應(yīng)該決定你想要做什么，選擇合適的課程。）可知，作者建議女兒在大學(xué)要學(xué)會(huì)如何學(xué)習(xí)。故選D項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“First,Iwanttotellyouhowproudweare.GettingintoColumbiaisarealproofofwhatagreatwellroundedstudentyouare.Youshouldbeasproudofyourselfasweare.”（首先，我想告訴你我們有多自豪。進(jìn)入哥倫比亞大學(xué)是一個(gè)真正的證據(jù)，證明你是一個(gè)非常全面的學(xué)生。你應(yīng)該和我們一樣為自己感到驕傲。）及最后一段“MayyouryearsatColumbiabethehappiestofyourlife,andmayyoublossomintojustwhatyoudreamtobe.”（愿你在哥倫比亞大學(xué)的時(shí)光是你一生中最快樂的時(shí)光，愿你成為你夢(mèng)想成為的人。）并結(jié)合全文作者提出的建議可知，作者為女兒感到自豪，認(rèn)為她的未來充滿光明。故選C項(xiàng)。（2023上·上海·高一位育中學(xué)?？计谥校㏄eopleusedtofinditsafetokeeptheirtreasureandmoneyinsomesecretorunknownplaces.Theytriedvariouswaysastheycouldthinkout.Theyburiedtreasuretostopotherpeoplefromtakingit.Theychoseaquietplace,dugadeepholeandburiedthetreasureinit.Thentheymadeamapofwherethetreasurewasorwrotedownothercluesthatwouldhelpthemorsomeoneelsetofinditagain.InBritainafewyearsago,awriterwroteaboutsometreasurethathehadburied.Heputcluesinthestorytohelpreadersfindit.Thousandsofpeoplehuntedforthetreasure.TheydugholesalloverBritain,hopingtofindit.OneofthemostpopularadventurestorieseverwrittenisRobertLouisStephenson’s“TreasureIsland”,anexcitingstoryaboutayoungboy,JimHawkins,whoiscapturedbypirates(海盜)andlaterfindssomeburiedtreasure.Thenthereisthetruestoryaboutamanwhohadtotraveloverseasforayear.Hedidnottrustbanks,soheburiedhislifesavingsinapark.Thenhewentaway.Onhisreturn,hewentstraighttothepark.Buttheparkwasnolongerthere.Initsplacetherewasahugebuilding.Andthentherewasawomanwhoburiedhersavings,allinbanknotes,inawaterproofbag.Whenshedugitupyearslater,therewasnothingleft.Wormsandinsectshadeatenthebagandeverythinginit.Andofcourse,thesearestoriesaboutpeoplewhoburythingsandeitherforgetwheretheyhaveburiedthemorlosethemap.Althoughitistruethatpeoplesometimeslosetheirmoneybecauseabankfails,banksarestillthesafestplacetokeepoursavingsandtreasures.4．_________couldhelpthemorsomeoneelsetofinditagain.A．MakingamapoftheplaceandwritingdownsomecluesB．DigginganotherholeandwritingsomecluesC．ColouringtheplaceandmakingthemapD．Askingsomeoneelseandnumberingtheplace5．AwriterinBritain_________.A．reallyhadburiedsomesmallcoinsB．startedanationwidetreasurehuntC．hadlosthistreasureandwantedpeopletohelphimfinditD．causedtroublebecausepeopledugholeseverywhere6．Themanwhoburiedhismoneyinapark_________.A．thoughthismoneywassafertherethaninabankB．stayedawaylongerthanheexpectedC．gothislifesavingsbackagainD．travelledontheseaforayear7．Fromthesestoriesweunderstandthat_________.A．wecannottrustbanksB．weshouldnottrustanyoneC．buryingmaynotbethesafewaytokeepsomethingvaluableD．insectscankeepanythingvaluable【答案】4．A5．D6．A7．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了人們埋藏寶藏的一些故事，但把寶藏埋起來，會(huì)因?yàn)楦鞣N各樣的原因，最后導(dǎo)致?lián)p失財(cái)富。說明埋藏寶藏并非明智之舉。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Thentheymadeamapofwherethetreasurewasorwrotedownothercluesthatwouldhelpthemorsomeoneelsetofinditagain.”（然后，他們繪制了一張寶藏的地圖，或者寫下其他線索，幫助他們或其他人再次找到寶藏。）可知，繪制藏寶圖或者寫下其他線索有助于日后找到寶藏。故選A項(xiàng)。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“InBritainafewyearsago,awriterwroteaboutsometreasurethathehadburied.Heputcluesinthestorytohelpreadersfindit.Thousandsofpeoplehuntedforthetreasure.TheydugholesalloverBritain,hopingtofindit.”（幾年前在英國(guó)，一位作家寫到了他埋藏的一些寶藏。他在故事中加入線索幫助讀者找到線索。成千上萬的人尋找寶藏。他們?cè)谟?guó)各地挖洞，希望能找到它。）可知，該英國(guó)作家寫的故事導(dǎo)致許多人四處挖洞尋找寶藏，引起了麻煩。故選D項(xiàng)。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Hedidnottrustbanks,soheburiedhislifesavingsinapark.”（他不信任銀行，所以他把畢生的積蓄埋在了公園里。）可知，他認(rèn)為把錢埋藏在公園比放在銀行更可靠。故選A項(xiàng)。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段后三句“Thenhewentaway.Onhisreturn,hewentstraighttothepark.Buttheparkwasnolongerthere.Initsplacetherewasahugebuilding.”（然后他就走了。他一回來就直接去了公園。但是公園已經(jīng)不在了。在它的位置上有一座巨大的建筑。）及第五段最后一句“Wormsandinsectshadeatenthebagandeverythinginit.”（蟲子和昆蟲把袋子和里面的東西都吃光了。）和第六段“Andofcourse,thesearestoriesaboutpeoplewhoburythingsandeitherforgetwheretheyhaveburiedthemorlosethemap.”（當(dāng)然，還有一些人埋藏了東西，他們要么忘記了埋在哪里，要么丟了地圖。）可知，把寶藏埋起來，會(huì)因?yàn)楦鞣N各樣的原因，最后導(dǎo)致?lián)p失財(cái)富，可見，這并非一種安全的方式。故選C項(xiàng)。（2023上·上海·高一上海市行知中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）AreYouaMoringPerson?Morningsarenotforeveryone.Knowingthatourownbodiesmaybewiredtopreferacertaintimeofdayiscertainlyarelief.Butmanyofusstillhavetowakeupandfunctionduringthosefirstdaylighthours.Sowhatcanyoudo?Wetappedavarietyofexpertsfromsleepexpertstonutritioniststolifeorganizationalpros(生活管理達(dá)人)—tosharetheirtricksonhowtomakemorninglessstressfulandmorepleasantforeventhemostafterhoursofnightowls.1.NightwakingPoorsleepqualitycanexplainwhywesometimeswakeupfromeighthoursofsnoozingandfeellikeweonlyclockedinatfour.“It’snormaltohaveoneortwoawakenings,butmorethanthatleavesusfeelinggroggy(昏昏沉沉)inthemorningbecauseofthefragmentedsleep,”explainsShelbyHarris,directorofthebehavioralsleepmedicineprogramatMontefioreMedicalCenter.2.TheScienceofsnoozingThesnoozebuttondoesmoreharmthangood.Noddingoffagainsendsyouintoalightandfragmentedsleep!Multiplesnoozescanleaveyoufeelinggroggierthanjustgettingoutofbedthefirsttime.Instead,behonestaboutthetimeyouintendtogetupandthenenjoyeverylastminuteofsleep,soyoucanwakeupalertandreadytogo.3.Don’teaseintoyourworkdayItcanbetemptingtoplowthroughtheeasythingsearlyon—checkingemail,scanningtheheadlines—butit’swisetotacklethebiggerstufffirst.“Gettingtoworkonthemostimportanttasksnotonlyupsthechancesthattheyactuallygetdone,butitalsoleavesyouwithaburstofacplishmenttotakewithyoutherestoftheday,”saysJasonSelk,coauthorofOrganizeTomorrowToday.4.SavesocialmediaforlaterScheduleasocialmediablocklaterintheafternoontocheckinwhenyou’relikelytoneedabreakanyway,andsavethemorningfortheimportantstuff.8．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tohelpustogetthemostoutofourmornings.B．Torelieveusfromtheguiltofmultiplesnoozesinthemorning.C．Towarnusoftheharmofnotgettingoutofbedimmediately.D．Toinformusaboutthefactthatourbodiesarewiredtopreferacertaintimeofday.9．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Oneortwoawakeningsensureusagoodnight’ssleep.B．Tobeanearlybird,betterforgetaboutthesnoozebutton.C．It’simportantnottoblocksocialmediumifyouwanttosaveyourmorning.D．Beginningadaywitheasythingsarousedourinterestandasenseofacplishment.10．Wherecanwefindthepassage?A．ClassifiedAdvertisement B．TravelBrochureC．LifeandStudy D．ScientificJournal【答案】8．A9．B10．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了如何讓人們?cè)绯康膲毫Ω?、更愉快，以便更能充分利用早晨?．推理判斷題。文章第二段講到“tosharetheirtricksonhowtomakemorninglessstressfulandmorepleasantforeventhemostafterhoursofnightowls(分享他們的訣竅，如何讓即使是最晚下班的夜貓子也能減輕早晨的壓力，讓早晨更愉快)”可知，這篇文章的目的是幫助我們充分利用早晨。故選A。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章TheScienceofsnoozing講到“Thesnoozebuttondoesmoreharmthangood.Noddingoffagainsendsyouintoalightandfragmentedsleep(小睡按鈕弊大于利。再次打瞌睡會(huì)讓你進(jìn)入一種輕微的、支離破碎的睡眠)”可知，打盹按弊大于利最好不要小睡。所以B選項(xiàng)“作為一個(gè)早起的人，最好忘記打盹的按鈕?！闭_。故選B。10．推理判斷題。短文介紹了如何讓人們?cè)绯康膲毫Ω?、更愉快，以便更能充分利用早晨。文章第二段講到“Butmanyofusstillhavetowakeupandfunctionduringthosefirstdaylighthours.Wetappedavarietyofexperts–fromsleepexpertstonutritioniststolifeorganizationalpros(但我們中的許多人仍然必須在最初的白天醒來并正常工作。我們聘請(qǐng)了各種各樣的專家—從睡眠專家到營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家，再到生活組織專家)”可知，所以這篇短文是關(guān)于生活，工作和學(xué)習(xí)類的短文。故判斷出我們可以在“生活和學(xué)習(xí)”中找到這篇短文。故選C。（2023上·上?！じ咭恍？茧A段練習(xí)）HotAirBalloonSydneyFor2,WeekendFlightincludesFULLGOURMETBREAKFASTItem:HO12955TALocation:WindsorSydneyOurPrice:$299(perpersonforgroupsof2)?HotAirBalloonFlightfor2(therewillbeothersintheballoonbasketwithyou)?NOTHINGMORETOPAYONTHEDAY!YOURFULLGOURMETBREAKFASTISINCLUDEDINTHEPRICE?TravelwiththeTourismAwardwinnerswithover20yearsofexperience?FloatoverbeautifulHawkesburyValley?ColorflightcertificateExperiencethewonderofaHotAirBalloonFlightfor2people.Risingbeforedawn,youcanjointhecrewinunpackingandpreparingtheballoonforflight—whichisaspectacleinitself!Afteranexcitinglaunch,you’lldriftwiththewindsilentlyovertheparklands,homesandhillsoftheHawkesburyregionofSydney.HotAirBallooningbeginsinthecool,stillhoursoftheearlymorning,whentheairismorestable.Thelaunchsite,determinedbytheweatheronthemorning,willbeinoraroundthebeautifulHawkesburyValley.Theadventurebeginsbyinflating(使…充氣)theballoonusingagiantportablefan.Oncetheballoonstartstotakeshapetheburnerislit,heatingtheairinside.ThehotairinsideislighterthanthecoolairoutsideandthisiswhatcreatestheliftandwhyitiscalledaHotAirBalloon.Passengersareweletoassistthepilotandcrewwithinflatingthehotairballoonatthelaunchsite,whichonlytakesabout20minutes.TheHotAirBalloonFlightfor2isbothquaintandpeaceful.Youhearverylittlesoundfromtheawakeningworldbelow.Thesilenceisonlybrokenwithblastsfromthepropaneburnerheatingtheairinyourballoontokeepyoucruisingacrosstheskies.Watchasthesunburstsfromthehorizonandpaintstheskypinkinaspectacularmorningsunrise.Totopoffthemorningyou’llcelebratewithafullgourmetbreakfast.Thisadventureisfor2people.Therewillbeotherpeopleintheballoonbasketwithyou.HotAirBalloonflightstakeplaceatsunrise.TheexacttimeofyourHotAirBalloonflightexperiencewillvarybaseduponthetimeofyearandwillbesenttoyouuponbooking.11．Theprice$299includes________.A．tipsfortheTourismAwardwinners B．fullgourmetbreakfastC．twopersons’HotAirBalloonFlight D．theaccidentinsuranceoftheparticipants12．WhydoesHotAirBallooningbeginbeforedawn?A．Touristsneedn’tqueuefortheflight.B．Theairatthattimeiscoolerandmorestable.C．Touristscanseethespectacularsunriseinthesky.D．Travelershavetostarttheadventurewiththeirstomachempty.13．WhichofthefollowingstatementisTrue?A．Thepeopleinthebasketarealltourists.B．Theburnerisoffaftertheballoonislaunched.C．Theballoonislaunchedatthefixedtimeandplace.D．Thosewhohaveexperiencedtheflightcangetacertificate.【答案】11．B12．B13．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹的是悉尼熱氣球雙人版周末空中旅行活動(dòng)的相關(guān)情況。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“NOTHINGMORETOPAYONTHEDAY!YOURFULLGOURMETBREAKFASTISINCLUDEDINTHEPRICE.(當(dāng)天沒有什么可支付的了！房?jī)r(jià)包含全套美味早餐)”可知，299美元的套餐費(fèi)用包含了所有空中飛行的費(fèi)用。故選B項(xiàng)。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本題的相關(guān)信息在倒數(shù)第三段中的首句“HotAirBallooningbeginsinthecool,stillhoursoftheearlymorning,whentheairismorestable.(熱氣球開始于清晨涼爽、靜止的幾個(gè)小時(shí)，此時(shí)空氣更穩(wěn)定)”可知，在黎明時(shí)分起飛是氣溫低，空氣更穩(wěn)定。故選B項(xiàng)。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“?HotAirBalloonFlightfor2(therewillbeothersintheballoonbasketwithyou).(2人熱氣球飛行（氣球籃里還有其他人）)”可知，除了游客，還有其他人員，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)“Oncetheballoonstartstotakeshapetheburnerislit,heatingtheairinside.ThehotairinsideislighterthanthecoolairoutsideandthisiswhatcreatestheliftandwhyitiscalledaHotAirBalloon.(一旦氣球開始成形，燃燒器就會(huì)被點(diǎn)燃，加熱內(nèi)部的空氣。里面的熱空氣比外面的冷空氣輕，這就是產(chǎn)生升力的原因，也是為什么它被稱為熱氣球)”講述的熱氣球升空的簡(jiǎn)單原理可知，熱氣球升起是靠著燃燒器加熱，所以不能熄滅，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)“Thelaunchsite,determinedbytheweatheronthemorning,willbeinoraroundthebeautifulHawkesburyValley.(發(fā)射場(chǎng)由早上的天氣決定，將在美麗的霍克斯伯里山谷內(nèi)或周圍)”可知，熱氣球的發(fā)射地點(diǎn)是因天氣而變，所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)“Colorflightcertificate(彩色飛行證書)”以及上面的排除結(jié)果，可知D項(xiàng)正確。故選D項(xiàng)。（2023上·上?！じ咭粡?fù)旦附中校考期中）Welostanothertreeinourlaststorm,anditbrokemyheart.ThankstothelargeamountsofrainfallhereinthePacificNorthwest,treerootsdon’tgrowverydeeporprovideastronganchoragainstthewind.Wehavelostmanytreesthroughtheyears,butthisonewasdifferent.About17yearsago,IjoinedtheArborDayFoundation,andtheysentme10Canadianbluespruceseedlings.OurpropertyhasmanylargeDouglasfirs,whicharemagnificenttrees,butIwantedtoaddsomevariety.Iplantedmybluespruceseedlingsalongthedriveway,andIdidallIcouldtoprotectthem.Shortlyafterthat,astormwithgustsupto129km/hrippedthroughourareaandtookdownmanyofourfirtrees.Myseedlingssurvived.Butwhenwedecidedtojoinourneighborinsellingourdownedtreestoalogger,wehadtomovetheseedlingstokeepthemfromgettingdestroyed.Sadly,fiveofthe10bluesprucetreesdidn’tsurvivebeingmoved.Ofthefivethatlived,threewereinourfrontyard,whereIcouldwatchthemgrowintomaturetreesfrommyfrontwindow.WhenoneofthebigDouglasfirsthattoweredoverthemdied,wedecidedtocutitdownbeforeitfell.Aftermuchdebate,myhusband,Eldon,andmysoninlawGaryParkerdecidedtheycoulddropitwithouthittinganyofthebluesprucetrees.Iwatchedbreathlesslyasthedramaunfolded,prayingthewholetimeIheardthechainsaw.Thefirfellrightbetweentwoofthemasplanned,andmytreescontinuedtogrow.ThenonenightIwaslyinginbedduringyetanotherwindstormandheardaloudnoise,followedbythesoundofatreecrashingdown.ThenextmorningIawoketofindthelargestofourbluespruceslyingontheground;Iwasincrediblyupset.For17years,I’denjoyedwatchingitgrowfromaseedlingtoatreenearly40feet(12.2meters)tall.Nowitwasgone!Losingmytreewashardtoaccept,eventhoughIknewthatitwasnature’sway.IalsoknewtherewasonlyonethingIcoulddoaboutit.Another10newseedlingsrecentlyarrivedfromtheArborDayFoundation.Iplantedtheminasafespotclosetothehouse.Whenthey’realittlelarger,I’lltransplantthemtoapermanentspotwhereIcanwatchthemgrowtallandbeautiful.14．Whydoestheauthorsharethefactthatthetreelostinthelaststormwas“different”inthefirstparagraph?A．MainlybecauseitwasarareCanadianbluespruce.B．Mainlybecauseithadsurvivedmanystrongwindstorms.C．Mainlybecauseshehaddevotedagreatdealofefforttoprotectingit.D．MainlybecausetheauthoroncesignedanagreementwiththeFoundation.15．Theauthorhaslostmanytreesmainlybecause________.A．mosttreesweretooweaktoprotectthemselvesfromthewindstormB．manytreesdidnotsurviveafterbeingrelocatedtoapermanentspotC．sheplantstreesalongthedrivewaywherethewindaffectsthemgreatlyD．theamountofrainfalltheremeanstreerootscan’tprovidefirmsupport16．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Allthebluespruceswerecoincidentallyuprootedinthelastseverestorm.B．Theauthor’sfamilycutthefirtomakeroomforthebluesprucesaroundit.C．Theauthorplannedtosellbluesprucestoaloggerwhentheyweremature.D．Theauthorwasworriedthatcuttingthedeadfirwouldhurtthebluespruces.17．Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A．Theauthorcouldn’tgetoverthefactthatshehadlostherbluespruces.B．Theauthorwantedtofightagainstnaturebyplantingmoretrees.C．TheArborDayFoundationprovidesguidanceabouttransplantation.D．Theauthorishopefulaboutthenewbluesprucesshehasnewlyplanted.【答案】14．C15．D16．D17．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在太平洋西北地區(qū)的特殊氣候下種植藍(lán)色云杉樹的經(jīng)歷，以及在風(fēng)暴和伐木中一些樹木的命運(yùn)。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Welostanothertreeinourlaststorm,anditbrokemyheart.(在上次的暴風(fēng)雨中，我們又損失了一棵樹，這讓我很傷心。)”以及第二段中“Iplantedmybluespruceseedlingsalongthedriveway,andIdidallIcouldtoprotectthem.(我沿著車道種下了藍(lán)云杉幼苗，并盡我所能保護(hù)它們。)”可知，作者提到“在上次的風(fēng)暴中我們失去了另一棵樹”，這讓作者很心痛是因?yàn)樗度肓舜罅康木肀Ｗo(hù)它，由此是不同的。故選C。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ThankstothelargeamountsofrainfallhereinthePacificNorthwest,treerootsdon’tgrowverydeeporprovideastronganchoragainstthewind.(由于太平洋西北地區(qū)的大量降雨，樹根不能長(zhǎng)得很深，也不能提供強(qiáng)大的抗風(fēng)錨。)”可知，由于西北太平洋地區(qū)大量的降雨，樹根不會(huì)長(zhǎng)得很深，也無法在風(fēng)中提供穩(wěn)固的支撐，所以失去樹木是一個(gè)常見現(xiàn)象。故選D。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“WhenoneofthebigDouglasfirsthattoweredoverthemdied,wedecidedtocutitdownbeforeitfell.(當(dāng)一棵高大的道格拉斯冷杉倒下時(shí)，我們決定在它倒下之前把它砍倒。)”以及第五段中“Aftermuchdebate,myhusband,Eldon,andmysoninlawGaryParkerdecidedtheycoulddropitwithouthittinganyofthebluesprucetrees.Iwatchedbreathlesslyasthedramaunfolded,prayingthewholetimeIheardthechainsaw.Thefirfellrightbetweentwoofthemasplanned,andmytreescontinuedtogrow.(經(jīng)過一番爭(zhēng)論，我的丈夫埃爾登和女婿加里·帕克決定，他們可以在不擊中任何一棵藍(lán)云杉的情況下把它鋸斷。我氣喘吁吁地看著劇情展開，在聽到電鋸聲的時(shí)候一直在祈禱。那棵冷杉就像計(jì)劃的那樣，正好落在兩棵樹之間，我的樹也繼續(xù)生長(zhǎng)。)”可知，當(dāng)作者的丈夫和女婿在鋸斷冷杉的時(shí)候，作者十分擔(dān)心會(huì)擊中附近的藍(lán)云杉，由此推斷出作者擔(dān)心砍掉枯死的冷杉會(huì)傷害到藍(lán)云杉。故選D。17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“”Losingmytreewashardtoaccept,eventhoughIknewthatitwasnature’sway.IalsoknewtherewasonlyonethingIcoulddoaboutit.Another10newseedlingsrecentlyarrivedfromtheArborDayFoundation.Iplantedtheminasafespotclosetothehouse.Whenthey’realittlelarger,I’lltransplantthemtoapermanentspotwhereIcanwatchthemgrowtallandbeautiful.(失去我的樹讓我難以接受，盡管我知道這是自然規(guī)律。我也知道我能做的只有一件事。植樹節(jié)基金會(huì)最近又送來了10棵新樹苗。我把它們種在房子附近的安全地點(diǎn)。當(dāng)它們長(zhǎng)得大一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，我會(huì)把它們移植到一個(gè)永久的地方，在那里我可以看著它們長(zhǎng)得又高又漂亮。)可知，作者說失去自己種植并觀察長(zhǎng)大的藍(lán)色云杉樹很難接受，但知道這是自然規(guī)律，而且他會(huì)采取行動(dòng)，也就是種下ArborDayFoundation捐贈(zèng)的新的樹苗，等它們長(zhǎng)大后移植到一個(gè)安全的地方。因此，選項(xiàng)D“Theauthorishopefulaboutthenewbluesprucesshehasnewlyplanted.(作者對(duì)她重新種植的藍(lán)色云杉樹很有信心)”符合文章信息。故選D。（2023上·上?！じ咭恍？计谥校〩ighschoolfreshmenalwayshavealotofquestionsontheirminds."WhatcanIdowhenIgrowup?"isoneofthem.It'sdefinitelynottooearlytostartthinkingabouthistoughquestion.Thefollowingtipsmayhelpequipyouforyourfuturecareer.ThinkbeyondgradesGettinggoodgradesinhighschoolisimportant,butfocusingonlyonstraightA'scouldgowrong.Spendingtoomuchtimeonyourschoolworkwillleaveyoulittletimetoexploreopportunitiesoutsideoftheclassroom.Extracurricularactivitiesarenecessarybecausetheyserveasaformofcareerexploration.Theycanhelpyoufigureoutyourworkpreferences,likewhetheryouarea"peopleperson"orprefertoworkalone.Nowadays,mostwellknowncollegescareaboutcandidates'experiencesasmuchastheirgrades.SeekadvicefromgrownupsTalktoyourparents,teachersandschoolcounselorsabouthowtheystartedtheircareers.Eventhoughyou'reinterestedinthecareerstheyarein,itwouldbeusefultolearnabouttheprocesswhichgotthemwheretheyarenow.Ifyoufindyourfriend'smotherdoingaworthwhilejobbychance,askherifjobshadowingispossibleinherpanyduringvacation.Afterall,seeingatypicaldayinthepositionyouhaveaninterestincanbeaninvaluableexperience.StartyoursearchonlineIfyoureallyhavenoideawhatyoucandowhenyougrowup,takeonlinecareerquizzestogetideasaboutwhatprofessionsnaturallymatchyourskills,interestsandpersonalitytraits.Forthetimebeing,youjustneedtofocusonfindingafieldortwothatinterestsyou,ratherthanaspecificcareer.Chancesareyou'llchangeyourmindseveraltimesbeforefindingacareerthatyouwanttostickto.Startingtoexplorecareeroptionsnowcanatleasthelpyoudecidewhatyourpotentialmajormightbe.18．Spendingsometimetakingpartinafterschoolactivitiescanhelphighschoolstudents________.A．getA'sinallsubjects B．exploretheirworkpreferencesC．haveaccesstoprestigiousuniversities D．getalongwit