2021云南考研英語一真題及答案

2021云南考研英語一真題及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Fluidintelligenceisthetypeofintelligencethathastodowithshort-termmemory

andtheabilitytothinkquickly,logically,andabstractlyinordertosolvenew

problems.It1inyoungadulthood,levelsoutforaperiodoftime,andthen2starts

toslowlydeclineasweage.But3agingisinevitable,scientistsarefindingout

thatcertainchangesinbrainfunctionmaynotbe.Onestudyfoundthatmuscleloss

andthe4ofbodyfataroundtheabdomenareassociatedwithadeclineinfluid

intelligence.Thissuggeststhe5thatlifestylefactorsmighthelppreventor6

thistypeofdecline.

Theresearcherslookedatdatathat7measurementsofleanmuscleandabdominalfat

frommorethan4,000middle-to-older-agedmenandwomenand8thatdatatoreported

changesinfluidintelligenceoverasix-yearperiod.Theyfoundthatmiddle-aged

people9highermeasuresofabdominalfat10worseonmeasuresoffluidintelligence

astheyears11.Forwomen,theassociationmaybe12

tochangesinimmunitythatresultedfromexcessabdominalfat;inmen,theimmune

systemdidnotappeartobe13.Itishopedthatfuturestudiescould14these

differencesandperhapsleadtodifferent

15formenandwomen.16therearestepsyoucan17tohelpreduceabdominalfatand

maintainlean

musclemassasyouageinordertoprotectbothyourphysicalandmental18.The

twohighly

recommendedlifestyleapproachesaremaintainingorincreasingyour19ofaerobic

exerciseandfollowingMediterranean-style20thatishighinfiberandeliminates

highlyprocessedfoods.

1.

[A]pauses

[B]return

[C]peaks

[D]fades

2.

[A]alternatively

[B]formally

[C]accidentally

[D]generally

3.

[A]while

[B]since

[C]once

[D]until

4.

[A]detection

[B]accumulation

[C]consumption

[D]separation

5.

[A]possibility

[B]decision

[C]goal

[D]requirement

6.

[A]delay

[B]ensure

[C]seek

[D]utilize

7.

[A]modified

[B]supported

[C]included

[D]predicted

8.

[A]devoted

[B]compared

[C]converted

[D]applied

9.

[A]with

[B]above

[C]by

[D]against

10.

[A]lived

[B]managed

[C]scored

[D]played

11.

[A]ranout

[B]setoff

[C]drewin

[D]wentby

12.

[A]superior

[B]attributable

[C]parallel

[D]resistant

13.

[A]restored

[B]isolated

[C]involved

[D]controlled

14.

[A]alter

[B]spread

[C]remove

[D]explain

15.

[A]compensations

[B]symptoms

[C]demands

[D]treatments

16.

[A]Likewise

[B]Meanwhile

[C]Therefore

[D]Instead

17.

[A]change

[B]watch

[C]count

[D]take

18.

[A]well-being

[B]process

[C]formation

[D]coordination

19.

[A]level

[B]love

[C]knowledge

[D]space

20.

[A]design

[B]routine

[C]diet

[D]prescription

1.【答案】cpeaks

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析十句間邏輯關(guān)系。文章首段首句為主題句，談到一個(gè)概念：流體

智力（fluidintelligence），是一種智力類型，它與短期記憶和快速、邏輯和抽象地思考

以解

決新問題的能力有關(guān)。想要解決空格處需要分析整句話的邏輯關(guān)系。前文提到青年人，后文

提到這種流體智力智力隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)會(huì)慢慢下降，所以根據(jù)時(shí)間發(fā)展的關(guān)系，前面提到這種

智力在青年時(shí)達(dá)到峰值（peaks）,并且會(huì)停留一段時(shí)間，隨后隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)會(huì)逐漸下降。

正確答案為peaks。pauses暫停；return恢復(fù),返回；fades逐漸消退。

2.【答案】Dgenerally

【解析】此處考察詞匯辨析。根據(jù)上一道題目的具體分析，不難得出空格處應(yīng)該是對(duì)這種普

遍現(xiàn)象得修飾，weage體現(xiàn)我們大所數(shù)人，所以應(yīng)該選擇Dgenerally0alternatively要

不然，

或者（二者擇其一）；formally正式地，正規(guī)地；accidentally偶然地。

3.【答案】Awhile

【解析】此處考察句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系?？崭裉幩诰渥邮且赞D(zhuǎn)折詞But開始，但考察句內(nèi)之間

的意思轉(zhuǎn)折：但是，3年紀(jì)增長(zhǎng)不可避免，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)某些大腦功能不會(huì)發(fā)生變化。年紀(jì)

增長(zhǎng)和科學(xué)家的發(fā)現(xiàn)是對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，所以應(yīng)該選擇while,盡管。since因?yàn)椋划?dāng)……

時(shí)；once

一旦；until直到。

4.【答案】Cconsumption

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析卜句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系。并列連詞and將空格處與前文muscleloss

并

列，行車前后近義詞的關(guān)系，那么空格處要選擇一個(gè)與肌肉消失表達(dá)意思相近的詞。所給選

項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)consumption意思是消耗的意思，帶入原文符合句意。detection偵查，

勘察；

accumulation積累，積攢，增加；separation分開，分離。

5.【答案】Apossibility

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。suggest一詞是解題的關(guān)鍵，這個(gè)單詞用在云南考研英語的文

章中

大部分都是暗示的意思，

that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中句子的謂語動(dòng)詞前還有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may表推

測(cè)，這都是在說明一種不太確定的可能性，所以選擇possibility,decision決定；goal目

標(biāo)；

requirement要求.

6.【答案】Adelay

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析十句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系。并列連詞or將空格處和前文prevent構(gòu)成近

義

詞的關(guān)系，delay延遲和prevent阻止是相近句意表達(dá)。ensure確保；seek尋求，請(qǐng)求；

utilize

利用，使用；

7.【答案】Cincluded

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)不難看出句中that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從

句，

從句列舉了data的具體分類和實(shí)驗(yàn)人群，所以定語從句是在具體說明data的內(nèi)容，要選

擇

included包含，包括。modified改變；supported支持；predicted預(yù)測(cè)。

8.【答案】Bcompared

【解析】此處考察動(dòng)詞短語詞義搭配和辨析上上下文語境?？崭裉幈韉evoteto把……

專用于，

完全用于；compareAtoB將A和B進(jìn)行h匕較；convertAtoB將A轉(zhuǎn)變成B；apply

AtoB

將A應(yīng)用于Bo空格處所在句意為將那些數(shù)據(jù)和已知報(bào)道進(jìn)行…后文和下文都是在進(jìn)

行

不同情況的比較來得出答案，所以應(yīng)該選擇compare.

9.【答案】Awith

【解析】此處考察介詞的用法。這個(gè)介詞里只有with能體現(xiàn)的是某種狀態(tài)：有著較高腹部

脂肪檢測(cè)結(jié)果的中年人......

10.【答案】Cscored

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析+上下文語境。空格處所在句子表達(dá)：有著較高腹部脂肪單位的

中年人在流體智力檢測(cè)時(shí)得分不高，測(cè)量智力是會(huì)得出具體分?jǐn)?shù)的，就像我們平時(shí)說的智力

測(cè)試。lived生存,活著；managed完成；scored得分；played表現(xiàn)。

H.【答案】Dwentby

【解析】此處考察動(dòng)詞短語辨析。???astheyearswentby.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，也算是固

定的搭

配。ranout耗盡，放棄；setoff出發(fā)，動(dòng)身，啟程；drewin吸引，拉入。

12.【答案】Battributable

【解析】此處考察形容詞辨析+上下文邏輯關(guān)系?？崭裉幩诰渥佑梅痔?hào)隔開，分號(hào)代表前

后兩句話討論得是一個(gè)問題，有可能相同也有可能相反。分號(hào)前說免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)于女性來說的

作用，后文是用男性來進(jìn)行比較，說免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)于男性的變化沒什么作用。前后是相反的觀

點(diǎn),所以免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)女性是有影響的。attributableto歸因于?.,;superior

to優(yōu)于，勝于；parallelto平行于，與……平等；resistanceto抵抗。

13.【答案】Cinvolved

【解析】此處考察非謂語動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。分析了上一題，這一道題也迎刃而解，空格處所在

句子是在表達(dá)對(duì)于男性而言，免疫系統(tǒng)沒有對(duì)其產(chǎn)生影響,didnotappeartobeinvolved,

似

乎不涉及在內(nèi)。

14.【答案】Dexplain

【解析】此處考察動(dòng)詞辨析十句意理解。Itishopedthat...體現(xiàn)出是寄希望于以后的實(shí)

驗(yàn)研究

來得出結(jié)論。alter改變，變更，更改；spread開展，傳播；remove移除，清除。

15.【答案】Dtreatment

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥颖砻鳎合Ｍ窈蟮难芯磕軌蚪忉屵@些差異，并

可能導(dǎo)致對(duì)男人和女人的不同待遇。因?yàn)橛胁顒e才應(yīng)該采取不同的對(duì)待方式。compensations

補(bǔ)償；symptoms癥狀；demands要求，需求；treatments處理，對(duì)待。

16.【答案】BMeanwhile

【解析】此處考察段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系。therearesteps體現(xiàn)出有一些措施可供參考，可

見空

格處所在段落體現(xiàn)本段與上一段之間的遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系。meanwhile同時(shí)；Likewise同樣地，

也；

Therefore因此；Instead代替,而不是。

17.【答案】Dtake

【解析】此處考察定語從句+短語搭配。therearestepsyoucan17tohelpreduce

abdominalfat...youcan的前面省略了定語從句關(guān)系詞that,從句修飾steps,take

stepstodo短語表示采取措施做某事。Change改變；watch注意,觀察；count數(shù)數(shù)。

18.【答案】Awell-being

【解析】此處考察固定短語搭配。physicalandmentalwell-being身心健康。

19.【答案】Alevel

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析+句意理解?？崭袼谔幰馑际墙o大家推薦兩種生活方式，一是

保持或提高你的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)水平。Love喜愛；knowledge知識(shí)；space空間。

20.【答案】Cdiet

【解析】此處考察單詞辨析+定語從句?？崭裉幒竺鎡hat引導(dǎo)的從句是這道題的解題關(guān)鍵：

that引導(dǎo)定語從句，對(duì)前面的名詞進(jìn)行修飾，那么從句的內(nèi)容就是先行詞得以選出得重要

線

索。從句中主要討論事物的問題,那么空格處應(yīng)該填入diet飲食符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)和句意表達(dá)。

Design設(shè)計(jì)；routine行程,流程；prescription處方。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

A,B,C

orD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(40points)

Text1

HowcanBritain'strainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorail

passengerfares?

Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravelling

bytrainrises,

imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherail

networktoget

toworkorotherwise.Thisyear，sriseanaverageof2.7percent,maybeafaction

lowerthanlast

year1s,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceInd-er(CPI)measure

ofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecost

of

investinginandrunningtherailnetwork.Shouldbebornebythosewhouseit,rather

thanthe

generaltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfrom

Lincoln-shirehave

tosubscribethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromsurvey?Equally,thereisa

sensethatthe

travailsofcommutersinthesouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggest

rises,have

receivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativitypoor

infrastructure

oftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeofthe

worst

railstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingthe

improvementstheyare

makingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelof

serviceforthe

substantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthetestwave

ofstrikesrests

onthewines.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffected

by

industrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservice

requirement,

sothatevenwhenstrikesoccurservicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldfrom

partofawider

packageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain*srailways.

Yes,more

investmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitely

iftheymustalso

endurecramped,unreliableservicesinterruptedbyregularchaoswhentimetables

arechanged,or

plannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Theythreatofnationalizationmay

havebeen

seenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerof

passengersisnot

addressedinshortorder.

21.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengerfares

[A]haskeptpacewithinflation.

[B]isabigsurprisetocommuters.

[C]remainsanunreasonablemeasure.

[D]willeasetrainoperatorsburden.

答案：C

22.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor

[A]railtravelers.

[B]cardrivers.

[C]localinvestors.

[D]ordinarytaxpayers.

答案：A

23.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators

[A]havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes.

[B]havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice.

[C]areofferingcompensationtocommuters.

[D]aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

答案：B

24.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface

[A]thelossofinvestment.

[B]thecollapseofoperations.

[C]areductionofrevenue.

[D]achangeofownership.

答案：D

25.Whichofthefollowingwou1dbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

[B]ConstantComplainingDoesn，tWork

[C]CanNationalizationBringHope?

[D]Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

答案：D

Text2

LastyearmarkedthethirdyearinarowthatIndonesia'sbleakratedeforestation

hasslowed

inpace.Onereasonfortheturnaroundmaybethecountry'santipovertyprogram.

In2007,Indonesiastartedphasinginaprogramthatgivesmoneytoitspoorest

residents

undercertainconditions,suchasrequiringpeopletokeepkidsinschoolorget

regularmedical

care.CalledconditionalcashtransfersorCCTs,thesesocialassistanceprograms

aredesignedto

reduceinequalityandbreakthecycleofpoverty.Theyarealreadyusedindozens

ofcountries

worldwide.InIndonesia,theprogrammehasprovidedenoughfoodandmedicineto

substantially

reduceseveregrowthproblemsamongchildren.

ButtheCCTprogramsdon，tgenerallyconsidereffectsontheenvironment.Infact,

poverty

alleviationandenvironmentalprotectionareoftenviewedasconflictinggoals,says

PaulFerraro,

aneconomistatJohnnsHopkinsUniversity.

That'sbecauseeconomicgrowthcanbecorrelatedwithenvironmentaldegradation,

while

protectingtheenvironmentissometimescorrelatedwithgreaterpoverty.However,

those

correlationsdon，tprovecauseandeffect,Theonlypreviousstudyanalyzing

causality,basedon

anareainMexicothathadinstitutedCCTs,supportedthetraditionalview.There,

aspeoplegot

moremoney,someofthemmayhavemoreclearedlandforcattletoraiseformeat,

Ferrarosays.

Suchprogramsdonothavetonegativelyaffecttheenvironment,though.Ferraro

wantedto

seeifIndonesia*spoverty-alleviationprogramwasaffectingdeforestation.

Indonesiahasthe

third-largestareaoftropicalforestintheworldandoneofthehighest

deforestationrates.

Ferraroanalyzedsatellitedatashowingannualforestlossfrom2008to2012-

including

duringIndonesia，sphaseinoftheantipovertyprogram-in7,468forestedvillages

across15

provinces.MWeseethattheprogramisassociatedwitha30percentreductionin

deforestation,"

Farrowsays.

That'slikelybecausetheruralpoorareusingthemoneyasmakeshiftinsurance

policies

againstinclementweather,Ferrarosays.Typically,ifrainsaredelayed,people

mayclearlandto

plantmorericetosupplementtheirharvest.WiththeCCTs,individualsinsteadcan

usethemoney

tosupplementtheirharvests.

Whetherthisresearchtranslateselsewhereisanybody，sguess.Farrowsuggeststhe

results

maytransfertootherpartsofAsia,duetocommonalitiessuchastheimportance

ofgrowingrice

andmarketaccess.Andregardlessoftransferability,thestudyshowsthatwhat's

goodforpeople

mayalsobegoodfortheenvironment.Evenifthisprogramdidn'treducepoverty.

Ferrarosays,

“thevalueoftheavoideddeforestationjustforcarbondioxideemissionsalone

ismorethanthe

programcosts”

26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,CCTprogrammesaimto.

[A]Facilitatehealth-carereform

[B]helppoorfamiliesgetbetteroff

[C]Improvelocaleducationsystems

[D]lowerdeforestationrates

答案：B

27.ThestudybasedonanareainMexicoexcitedtoshowthat.

[A]cattleraisinghasbeenamajorlivelihoodforthepoor

[B]CCTprogramshavehelpedpreservetraditionallifestyles

[C]antipovertyeffortsrequiretheparticipationoflocalfarmers

[D]economicgrowthtendstocauseenvironmentaldegradation

答案：D

28.InhisstudyaboutIndonesia,Farrowintendstofindout.

[A]itsacceptancelevelofCCTs

[B]itsannualrateofpovertyalleviation

[C]therelationofCCTstoitsforestloss

[D]theroleofitsforestsinclimatechange

答案：C

29.AccordingtoFerraro,theCCTprograminIndonesiaisvaluableinthat.

[A]itwillbenefitotherAsiancountries

[B]itwillreduceregionalinequality

[C]itcanprotecttheenvironment

[D]itcanbenefitgrainproduction

答案：A

30.Whatisthetextcentredon?

[A]Theeffectsofaprogram.

[B]Thedebatesoveraprogram.

[C]Theprocessofastudy.

[D]Thetransferabilityofastudy.

答案：A

Text3

Asahistorianwho,salwayssearchingforthetextortheimagethatmakesus

re-evaluatethe

past,rvebecomepreoccupiedwithlookingforphotographsthatshowourVictorian

ancestors

smiling(whatbetterwaytoshattertheimageof19th-centuryprudery?).I'vefound

quiteafew,

and-sinceIstartedpostingthemonTwitter-theyhavebeencausingquiteastir.

Peoplehave

beensurprisedtoseeevidencethatVictorianshadfunandcould,anddid,laugh.

Theyarenoting

thattheVictorianssuddenlyseemtobecomemorehumanasthehundred-or-Soyears

that

separateusfadeawaythroughourcommonexperienceoflaughter.

Ofcourse,Ineedtoconcedethatmycollectionof/SmilingVictorians'makesup

onlyatiny

percentageofthevastcatalogueofphotographicportraiturecreatedbetween1840

and1900,the

majorityofwhichshowsittersposingmiserablyandstifflyinfrontofpainted

backdrops,or

staringabsentlyintothemiddledistance.Howdoweexplainthistrend?

Duringthe1840sand1850s,intheearlydaysofphotography,exposuretimeswere

notoriouslylong:thedaguerreotypephotographicmethod(producinganimageona

silvered

copperplate)couldtakeseveralminutestocomplete,resultinginblurredimages

assittersshifted

positionoradjustedtheirlimbs.Thethoughtofholdingafixedgrinasthecamera

performedits

magicaldutieswastoomuchtocontemplate,andsoanon-committalblankstarebecame

the

norm.

Butexposuretimesweremuchquickerbythe1880s,andtheintroductionoftheBox

Brownieandotherportablecamerasmeantthat,thoughslowbytoday'sdigital

standards,the

exposurewasalmostinstantaneous.Spontaneoussmileswererelativelyeasyto

capturebythe

1890s,sowemustlookelsewhereforanexplanationofwhyVictoriansstillhesitated

tosmile.

Oneexplanationmightbethelossofdignitydisplayedthroughacheesygrin."Nature

gave

uslipstoconcealourteeth."ranonepopularVictorianmaxim,alludingtothe

factthatbeforethe

birthofproperdentistrymouthswereofteninashockingstateofhygiene.Aflashing

setof

healthyandclean,regular“pearlywhites“wasararesightinVictoriansociety,

thepreserveofthe

super-rich(andeventhen,dentalhygienewasnotguaranteed).

Atoothygrin(especiallywhenthereweregapsorblackenedgnashers)lackedclass:

drunks,

trampsandmusichallperformersmightgurnandgrinwithasmileaswideasLewis

Carrolrs

gum-exposingCheshireCat,butitwasnotabecominglookforproperlybredpersons.

EvenMark

Twain,amanwhoenjoyedaheartylaugh,saidthatwhenitcametophotographic

portraitsthere

couldbe“nothingmoredamningthanasilly,foolishsmilefixedforever”.

31.Accordingtoparagraph1,theauthor'spostsonTwitter.

A.illustratedthedevelopmentofVictorianphotography

B.highlightedsocialmedia'stoleinVictorianstudies

C.re-evaluatedtheVictorian'snotionofpublicimage

D.changedpeople*simpressionoftheVictorians.

答案：D

32.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheVictorianportraitshehascollected?

A.Theyarerareamongphotographofthatage

B.Theyshoweffectofdifferentexposuretimes

C.Theymirror19th-centurysocialconventions

D.Theyareinpopularuseamonghistorians

答案：A

33.WhatmighthavekepttheVictoriansfromsmilingpicturesinthe1890s?

A.Theirinherentsocialsensitiveness

B.Theirtensionbeforethecamera

C.Theirunhealthydentalcondition

D.Theirdistrustofnewinventions

答案：C

34.MarkTwainisquotedtoshowthatthedisapprovalofsmilesinpictureswas

A.athought-provokingidea

B.amisguideattitude

C.acontroversialvies

D.adeep-rottedbelief

10

答案：D

35.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthetextanswer?

A.WhydidmostVictorianslooksteminphotographs?

B.WhendidtheVictoriansstarttoviewphotographdifferently?

C.WhatmadephotographdevelopslowlyintheVictorianperiod?

D.Howdidsmilinginphotographbecomeapost-Victoriannorm?

答案：A

Text4

FromtheearlydaysofbroadbandadvocatesforconsumersandWeb-basedcompanies

worriedthatthecableandphonecompaniessellingbroadbandconnectionshadthe

powerand

incentivetofavoraffiliatedwebsitesovertheirrivals.That*swhytherehasbeen

suchastrong

demandforrulesthatwouldpreventbroadbandprovidersfrompickingwinnersand

losersonline,

preservingthefreedomandinnovationfromwhathavebeenthelifebloodofthe

Internet.

Yetthatdemandhasbeenalmostimpossibletofl-inpartbecauseofpush-backfrom

broadbandprovidersanti-regulatoryconservativesandthecourts.Afederalappeals

court

unchangedinagain.Tuesday,butinsteadofprovidingabadlyneededresolution.

Itonly

prolongedthefight.AtissuebeforetheU.S.CourtofAppealsforthedirtiness

ofColumbiaCourt

wasthelatesttakeoftheFederalCommunications(FCC)omnetneutrality,adopted

onaparty

-linevotein2017.Thepublicanpennedordernotonlyeliminatedthestrictnet

neutralityrulesthe

FCChadadopted.Whenithadademocraticmajorityin2015.Butrejectedthe

commission，s

authority.Torequirebroadbandproviderstodomuchofanything.Theorderalso

declaredthat

stateandlocalgovernmentscouldn'tregulatebroadbandproviderseither.

TheCommissionarguethatotheragencieswouldprotectagainstanti-competitive

behavior,

suchasabroadband-providingconglornerablelikeATRTfavorsitsownvideo-

stressingserviceat

theexpenseofNotfishandAppieTOcapsontheirrivalsstreamingservicesbutnot

theirown.

OnTuesday,theappealscourt.Unanimouslyupheldthe2017orderderegulating

broadband.

providescitingaSupremeCourtrulingfrom2005thatupheldasimilarlyderegulating

more.But

Judge.PatriciaMillettrightlyarguedinaconcurringopinionthat"theresultis

unhingedfromthe

realitiesofmodembroadbandservice”,andsaidCongressontheSupremeCourtcould

intervene

toavoidtrappingInternetregulationsintechnological.

Inthemeantime,thecourtthrewouttheFCC'sattempttoblockallstaterules.

Onnot

neutrality,whilepreservingtheCommission'spowertopromptindividualgoingon

betweenthe

JusticeDepartmentandCaliforniawhenenactedatoughnetneutrallylawsinthe

worldofthe

FCC'sabdication.

Theendlesslegalbattlesandback-and-forthattheFCCcryoutforCongressto

act.Itneeds

togivethecommissionexplicitauthorityonceandforalltobarbroadbandproviders

from

meddlinginthetrafficontheirnetworkandtocreateclearrulesprotecting

opennessand

innovationonline.

36.Therehaslongbeenconcernthatbroadbandproviderswould

A.bringweb-basedfirmsundercontrol

B.showpartialityintreatingclients

C.slowdownthetrafficontheirnetwork

D.intensifycompetitionwiththeirrivals

答案：B

37.Facedwiththedemandfornetneutralityrules,theFCC

A.takesananti-regulatorystance

B.stickstoanout-of-dateorder

C.hasissuedaspecialresolution

D.hasallowedthestatestointervene

答案：B

38.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAT&TfromParagraph3?

A.Itengagesinanti-competitivepractices

B.Itprotectsagainstunfaircompetition

C.ItisundertheFCC'sinvestigation

D.Itisinpursuitofqualityservice

答案：A

39.JudgePatriciaMillettarguesthattheappealscourt/sdecision

A.focusesontrivialities

B.conveysanambiguousmessage.

Cisoutoftouchwithreality

D.isatoddswithitsearlierrulings.

答案：C

40.Whatdoestheauthorargueinthelastparagraph?

A.Broadbandproviders，rightsshouldbeprotected.

B.TheFCCshouldbeputunderstrictsupervision

C.Rulesneedtobesettodiversifyonlineservices

D.CongressneedstotakeactiontOensurenetneutrality.

答案：D

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

the

mostsuitableonefromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.There

aretwoextra

choices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.

(10

points)

Inthemoviesandontelevision,artificialintelligence(AI)istypicallydepicted

assomething

sinisterthatwillupendourwayoflife.WhenitcomestoAIinbusiness,weoften

hearaboutitin

relationtoautomationandtheimpendinglossofjobs,butinwhatwaysisAIchanging

companies

andthelargereconomythatdon'tinvolvedoom-and-gloommassunemployment

predictions?

ArecentsurveyofmanufacturingandserviceindustriesfromTataConsultancy

Services

foundthatcompaniescurrentlyuseAImoreoftenincomputer-to-computeractivities

thanin

automatinghumanactivities.HereareafewwaysAIisaidingcompanieswithout

replacing

employees:

Betterhiringpractices

Companiesareusingartificialintelligencetoremovesomeoftheunconsciousbias

from

hiringdecisions."Thereareexperimentsthatshowthat,naturally,theresults

ofinterviewsare

muchmorebiasedthanwhatAIdoes,"saysPedroDomingos,authorofTheMaster

Algorithm:

HowtheQuestfortheUltimateLearningMachineWillRemakeOurWorldandacomputer

scienceprofessorattheUniversityofWashington.Inaddition,“(41)"

Onecompany

that，sdoingthisiscalledBlendoor.Itusesanalyticstohelpidentifywherethere

maybebiasinthe

hiringprocess

Moreeffectivemarketing

SomeAIsoftwarecananalyzeandoptimizemarketingemailsubjectlinestoincrease

open

rates.OnecompanyintheUK,Phrasee,claimstheirsoftwarecanoutperformhumans

byupto10

percentwhenitcomestoemailopenrates.Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue.

(42)______

Theseare“toolsthathelppeopleusedata,notareplacementforpeople,"says

PatrickH.Winston,

aprofessorofartificialintelligenceandcomputerscienceatMIT.

Savingcustomersmoney

EnergycompaniescanuseAItohelpcustomersreducetheirelectricitybills,saving

them

moneywhilehelpingtheenvironment.Companiescanalsooptimizetheirownenergy

useandcut

downonthecostofelectricity.Insurancecompanies,meanwhile,canbasetheir

premiumsonAI

modelsthatmoreaccuratelyassessrisk.Domingossays,“(43)"

Improvedaccuracy

“Machineleaningoftenprovidesamorereliableformofstatistics,whichmakes

datamore

valuable,"saysWinston.It“helpspeoplemakesmarterdecisions."(44)

Protectingandmaintaininginfrastructure

Anumberofcompanies,particularlyinenergyandtransportation,useAIimage

processing

technologytoinspectinfrastructureandpreventequipmentfailureorleaksbefore

theyhappen."If

theyfailfirstandthenyoufixthem,it'sveryexpensive,"saysDomingos.

“(45)"

A.AIreplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou'redoingresearch,youcanhave

AIgooutand

lookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn，thavetime

for.

B.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisio,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformance

across

multiplechannelslikeAdwords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsor

suggestions

aboutwher