2021新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)40選修8Meetingyourancestors

課時(shí)作業(yè)40MeetingyourancestorsⅠ.閱讀理解AScreeningforcancermaysoonbeaseasyaslettingoutadeepbreath.ThePANCancertrialforearlydetectionofcancerinbreathisacollaborativeeffortbetweentheCancerResearchUKCambridgeInstituteandOwlstoneMedical.ThegoalistotestOwlstone'sBreathBiopsydevice(呼吸活檢裝置)andtocreateBreathBiopsytestsforearlydetectionofanumberofdifferentkindsofcancers.Thismaysoundlikesciencefiction,butthere'srealsciencetobackuptheconceptofaBreathalyzer-likedeviceaimedatdetectingcancer.Normalbiochemicalreactionsincellsreleasevolatileorganicpounds(VOCs)(揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物).Thesepoundsreleaseasmellthatcanbedetected.Ifacell'sVOCpatternhasbeenchanged,thatcouldindicatessomethingisgoingwrongwiththecell,likecancer.TheBreathBiopsydetectstheVOCbiomarkerinanon-invasive(非侵入)way.TotestwhetherornottheBreathBiopsyistheVOC-detectorofthefuture,Fitzgeraldandherteamwillcollectsamplesfrom1,500peoplewhowerereferredtoAddenbrooke'sHospitalinCambridgeduetocancerconcerns.Trialparticipantswilltakethebreathtestbeforetheyundergootherdiagnosticexams.Theywillbreatheintothedevicefor10minutes,andOwlstoneMedicalwillanalyzetheresults.Bylookingacrosscancertypes,researchershopetodetermineifdifferentcancershavedifferentsignalsandhowearlythesesignalsaredetectable.Breathsamplesbetweenthosewhodoandthosewhodon'tdevelopcancerwillbeparedtogainastrongerunderstandingofhowVOCswork.IftheBreathBiopsycanaccuratelyidentifycancer,thenthedevicecouldbeascreeningtoolforgeneraldoctors.TheBreathBiopsywillnotonlyshortenthetesttimebutalsohelppatientsavoidsomemedicalequipmententeringtheirbodyfordiagnosis.“Thereisincreasingpotentialforbreath-basedteststoaiddiagnosis,sittingalongsidebloodandurine(尿)testsinanefforttohelpdoctorsdetectandtreatdisease，”saidBillyBoyle,co-founderandCEOofOwlstoneMedical.“Theconceptofprovidingawhole-bodysnap-shotinapletelynon-invasivewayisverypowerful.Anditisworthwhiletobepopularizedamonghospitals.”本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)通過呼吸檢測(cè)癌癥的新裝置。1．WhatistheapplicationofOwlstone'sBreathBiopsydevice?A．Curingvariouskindsofcancers.B．Helpingpatientsbreathesmoothly.C．Displayingtheresultofcancertests.D．Detectingcancersattheearlystage.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Thegoalisto...Biopsytestsforearlydetectionofanumberofdifferentkindsofcancers可知，Owlstone的呼吸活檢裝置的用途是檢測(cè)早期的癌癥。2．What'sthesignofaperson'sgettingcanceraccordingtothestudy?A．Hisbodygivesoffabadsmell.B．Hiscells'VOCpatterngoesabnormal.C．HiscellsstopproducingVOCbiomarkers.D．Hisbodyreleasesvolatileorganicpounds.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Ifacell'sVOCpatternhasbeenchanged,thatcouldindicate...likecancer可知，一個(gè)人患癌的跡象是，體內(nèi)細(xì)胞的VOC模式變得異常。3．WhichofthefollowingabouttheBreathBiopsydevicewillBillyBoyleagreewith?A．Ithasapromisingprospect.B．It'llreplacebloodandurinetests.C．It'slesspowerfulthancurrentcancerdetectionmethods.D．It'llhelpdevelopamoreadvanceddeviceofcancerscreening.答案：A解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)末段BillyBoyle所說的話可知，呼吸活檢有助于醫(yī)生做診斷，有潛力且值得推廣，故BillyBoyle認(rèn)為呼吸活檢前景光明。BWithproductionoverrunning(泛濫)onMartinScorsese'snewfilm,thefamousHollywooddirectoradmittedthismonthhewasworriedaboutthe“youthification”technologyhewasemployingtosmoothouthisactors.TheleadingactorRobertDeNiroandAlPacinoplayedyoungversionsoftheircharactersinthefirsthalfofthefilm,withtheirwrinklesandjowls(下巴)removedbythetechnology.SpeakingtotheBritishdirectorJoannaHogg,thefilm-makerMartinScorsesesaidthatgoodactorsshouldmeetsomenecessaryrequirements:excellentactingskills,richimagination,goodunderstandingandsoon.However,therewassomethingimportantthatwasmissingwhilethetechniquewasused.Headded,“Idon'tknowhowtoinstructmyactorstomaketheirperformancemoreimpressive,especiallyricheyeexpressions.Apparently,thetechniquemakestheireyesdull,whichdisappointsmethemost.”Inthiscase,heisn'talone.Whilethetechnologyisdoubtlessimpressive,therehavebeengrumbles_aboutthe“unnaturalvalley”effectofdigitallyde-ageingactors.Filmcritics,suchasManohlaDargisoftheNewYorkTimes,andTheRinger'sAndrewGruttadaro,observedthat“asanaudiencememberwatchingthesefilms,yougetthehorriblefeelingthatyou'renotwatchingaperson,butanentity(實(shí)體)imitatingaperson”.SimilarreservationshavebeenheardaboutAnthonyHopkinsbeingde-agedinTV'sWestworld.Laterthisyear,AngLee'sGeminiManwillappear,starringWillSmithasakillerwhomeetshisyoungerself,whichisalsoplayedbySmith.TheproblemisthateverybodywhogrewupwithTheFreshPrinceofBel-AirknowswhatWillSmithlookedlikeasayoungerman,anditwasn'tthisone.ToquoteDrIanMalcolmfromJurassicPark,“Scientistsweresopreoccupiedwithwhetherornottheycould,andtheydidn'tstoptothinkiftheyshould.”De-ageingtechnologygivesusthedazzlingimpressionratherthantheeffectofyouth,asayoungeractorwould.Moregoesintotheageingprocessthanmerelooks;itbetraysathinunderstandingofpsychologytoexpectotherwise.本文是一篇議論文。作者討論了現(xiàn)在電影中采用的高科技技術(shù)可以消除演員臉上的皺紋，讓他們看起來很年輕，但這樣做并不可取。4．WhatwasMartinScorsese'sconcernabouthisnewfilm?A．Thehighcostofthefilm.B．Theageofhisleadingactors.C．Theeffectofthenewtechnology.D．Theplotinthefirstpartofthefilm.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段hewasworriedaboutthe“youthification”technologyhewasemployingtosmoothouthisactors.可知他對(duì)自己采用特效技術(shù)使演員年輕化的效果擔(dān)憂。5．WhatqualityofanactordidMartinScorseseprobablypaymoreattentionto?A．Expressiveperformance.B．Vividimagination.C．Deepunderstandingofacting.D．Goodlanguageability.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Idon'tknow...maketheirperformancemoreimpressive,especiallyricheyeexpressions...”可知MartinScorsese更加關(guān)注演員豐富的表現(xiàn)力，尤其是眼神的表現(xiàn)力。6．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“grumblesabout”inParagraph3mean?A．Adviceon. B．Dissatisfactionwith.C．Admirationfor. D．Inspirationfrom.答案：B解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線單詞后的Filmcritics,suchasManohlaDargisoftheNewYorkTimes...yougetthehorriblefeelingthatyou'renotwatchingaperson,butanentityimitatingaperson...可知，評(píng)論家對(duì)該特技效果持否定的態(tài)度，并沒有贊許或提出建議，故可推知畫線詞組意為“對(duì)……有怨言或不滿”。7．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheimprovementofHollywoodmoviesB．“De-ageing”technologybenefitsoldactorsC．ThebreakthroughofMartinScorsese'snewfilmD．Hollywood's“de-ageing”technologyhasgonetoofar答案：D解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知本文主要討論了好萊塢電影中運(yùn)用的使演員年輕的特效技術(shù)的弊端，故可知答案。Ⅱ.完形填空Iusedtohaterunning.Itseemedtoohard,andpushingoutsidemyfort__1__wasnotsomethingIwaseagertodo.Infact,Iwouldn'thavebeea(n)__2__ifitweren'tformyhusbandCharles.Hehadbeenaserious,petitiverunnerformanyyears.Afterourmarriage,hewouldn'tstoptalkingabouthowmuchhe__3__it.Sohepickeditupagain,andafteraboutayear,Istartedtojoinhimatthe__4__.Justafewweekslater,Charlessignedupforafive-kilometerraceforbothofus.I__5__aboutdoingit.Itwastoosoon.Butontheraceday,thereIwas.Thegunwentoff.Thousandsofrunners__6__.Thefirstkilometerwastough.Iwasalreadybreathing__7__andpainfullyawareofthegroupofrunnersrunningpastme.AfteranotherminuteIsawthethree-kilometer__8__.AllIcouldthinkofwasthatIwasdying.Iroundedacorner,andsawbothsidesofthestreet__9__withpeoplewatchingtherace,allcheeringtherunnerson：Iwilledmylegstokeepgoing.ThenIlookedupandsawtheclock.The__10__tickingawaygavemeanincentive(動(dòng)力).IknewthatifIhad__11__finishedthisraceIwouldhaveachievedsomething.So,Istraightenedup,andkickedit.Ihadmyarms__12__higherwhenIpassedthroughthefinishline.Avolunteerputa(n)__13__aroundmyneck.“Youdidgreat!I'msoproudofyou！”CharleswasthrilledthatI'd__14__.“Thatwasamazing!Iwanttodoanotherrace.”Iproudlyhuggedmymedalaswestartedtowalktothepost-racefestivities.Mylungsandmyfortzoneboth__15__.本文是一篇記敘文。作者原本并不喜歡跑步，但是在丈夫的帶動(dòng)下她也開始跑步，并且堅(jiān)持完成了5公里的跑步比賽。1．A.block B．lineC．emotion D．zone答案：D解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句中的“myfortzone”可知，答案選D項(xiàng)。2．A.wife B．coachC．expert D．runner答案：D解析：根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，作者一開始不喜歡跑步，在丈夫的帶動(dòng)下，最后變成了一名跑步者(runner)。3．A.hated B．missedC．a(chǎn)dmired D．trained答案：B解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Sohepickeditupagain”可推知，作者的丈夫和她結(jié)婚以后，總是不停地說他有多想念(missed)跑步。4．A.race B．departmentC．track D．ceremony答案：C解析：根據(jù)該句可知，當(dāng)作者的丈夫重新開始跑步時(shí)，作者也加入了他，和他一起跑。track“跑道”。5．A.hesitated B．puzzledC．cared D．brought答案：A解析：根據(jù)上文可知，作者以前并不喜歡跑步，當(dāng)作者的丈夫讓她一起報(bào)名參加五公里跑步的時(shí)候，作者有些猶豫。6．A.slippedaway B