高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)-主謂一致

陜西三原南郊中學(xué)劉水亭

高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致主謂一致【考點(diǎn)概述】主謂一致是歷年高考的必考考點(diǎn)之一。謂語動(dòng)詞的形式與主語在數(shù)上保持一致，大體上可以遵循三個(gè)原那么，即：語法一致的原那么、語義一致的原那么和就近原那么。主謂一致主要考查的內(nèi)容有：集體名詞做主語、總稱名詞做主語、單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞做主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞數(shù)的表達(dá)形式以及復(fù)合句中的謂語動(dòng)詞數(shù)的形式。【真題體驗(yàn)】1.〔06，江蘇卷〕Apoetandartist______comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were2.〔05，上海卷〕Oneandahalf______,whenwillheputthelengthyspeakingtoanend?A.hourhaspassedB.hourshavepassedC.hourhavepassedD.hourshaspassed3.〔09，湖南卷，33〕Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents______toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.A.areB.isC.haveD.be4.〔09，陜西卷，7〕Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,______visitBeijingthissummer.A.isgoingtoB.aregoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.weregoingto5.〔06，陜西卷〕Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines______bynow.A.hascompletedB.havecompletedC.havebeencompletedD.hasbeencompleted6.〔07，海南卷〕—Haveyouheardthelatestnews?—No,what______?A.isitB.isthereC.aretheyD.arethose7.〔07，湖南卷〕Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks______sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen8.〔06，安徽卷〕MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths______alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe9.〔07，陜西卷〕Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea______.A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair10.〔05，山東卷〕Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______eachyear.A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedawayKey:1.A2.D3.B4.A5.D6.A7.A8.B9.A10.D【考點(diǎn)掃描】考點(diǎn)一：并列主語的主謂一致1.兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞由and或both...and連接，并表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：TomandIaregoodfriends.Bothteaandcoffeearemyfavorites.2.and所連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語如指同一個(gè)主體時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如：真題1，答案為A。又如：Trialanderroristhesourceofourknowledge.3.被every,each,no等限定的單個(gè)主語由and連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。其中，后一個(gè)限定詞可以省略。例如：Nosoundand〔no〕voicehasbeenheardforalongtime.4.由“oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：真題2，答案為D。但有些水果的名詞例外，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。5.一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞被幾個(gè)用and連接的并列形容詞修飾時(shí)，可以指一件事或幾件事，這種名詞作主語時(shí)，要根據(jù)語義一致的原那么決定謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。例如：EnglishandAmericanliteratureareappealingtoher.英國文學(xué)和美國文學(xué)都對(duì)她有吸引力。Simpleandplainlivingisafinequality.生活儉樸是一種美德。6.Morethanone/manya+單數(shù)名詞雖有復(fù)數(shù)意義，但是謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式。例如：Manyateacherand(manya)studenthasgonetotheplayground.7.由and連接的兩個(gè)what從句作主語時(shí)，要根據(jù)語義一致的原那么決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.Whathesaysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.8.由or,nor,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...but(also)連接的并列主語通常遵循就近原那么，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與它鄰近的主語的數(shù)保持一致。如真題3謂語應(yīng)與oneofyourstudents保持一致。答案為B。又如：NeitherInorheisinfavouroffather'ssmoking.EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter.9.當(dāng)therebe后面接幾個(gè)名詞時(shí)，依據(jù)就近原那么。例如：Thereisadesk，twochairsandabedintheroom.Therearetwochairs,adeskandabedintheroom.10.單數(shù)名詞帶有with短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，如真題4，答案為A?？键c(diǎn)二：幾種特殊句式的主謂一致1.短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如：真題5，答案為D。又如：Collectingstampsismyfavoritehobby.Tostudyhardisyourdutynow.Whenwewillstartisnotdecided.2.what或which引導(dǎo)的主語從句其主句的謂語動(dòng)詞與表語的數(shù)一致。例如：WhatIneedisacomputer.WhatIneedbadlyarereferencebooks.Whichareyourpicturebooks?3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句itis/was...that中，謂語總是用單數(shù)。例如：Itishewhotoldusthenews.4.在oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/which/that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，one前面如果有theonly修飾時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞與one保持一致，用單數(shù)形式。反之，one前面如果沒有theonly，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致，用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Thisisoneofthequestionsthathavebeenaskedbythestudents.Heistheonlyoneoftheofficerswhowasinvitedtotheball.考點(diǎn)三：集體名詞和物體名詞作主語的主謂一致1.集體名詞family,class,crew,team,group,public,audience,crowd,government,committee等作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)主語所指的意義而定。當(dāng)集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果指其中各個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Theclassconsistsoftwenty-twoboysandtwentygirls.Theclassaredoingexperiments.Thewholefamilyaretravelingabroad.2.由兩局部構(gòu)成的物體名詞如：trousers,pants,jeans,compasses,shorts,glasses等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這類名詞前用了apairof來修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Thispairofglasseswasfoundinthebagjustnow.Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.3.有些名詞形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。1〕學(xué)科名詞：maths,physics,economics等；2〕專有名詞：theUnitedStatesofAmerica等；3〕以s結(jié)尾的不可數(shù)名詞：news,goods,works等。如真題6，答案為A?？键c(diǎn)四：數(shù)詞與量詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致1.表示時(shí)間、重量、距離、價(jià)格和體積等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)通常作整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：真題7，答案為A。又如：Twentyyearsisalongtimetous.Onethousandpoundsisalargesumofmoney.2.分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語形式用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于他們表示的意義。例如：真題8，答案為B；真題9，答案為A。又如：Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.Aboutonethirdofthebookisfinishedbyme.3.由kind,form,type,species,portion,series等修飾的主語，其謂語形式取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而不是他們后面所跟的名詞。例如：Thisnewtypeofmachineisnowonshow.Somenewformsofartwerediscussedatthemeeting.4.anumberof(許多),agroupof(一群，一組),avarietyof(各種各樣的)修飾名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但是thenumberof〔數(shù)目〕和thevarietyof〔種類〕修飾名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Thenumberofthestudentsofthisschoolisover3000.AnumberofstudentsrealizetheimportanceofmasteringEnglish.5.aquantityof后既可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也可接單數(shù)名詞，如果aquantityof接不可數(shù)名詞那么謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，接復(fù)數(shù)名詞那么謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。quantitiesof接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：真題10，答案為D。又如：Thereisalargequantityofmilk.Therearealargequantityofbooksinthelibrary.Greatquantitiesofmeatwerecarriedtothemarket.【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練】一、單項(xiàng)填空1.〔09江蘇卷，21〕ThepopulationofJiangsu_____tomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.A.hasgrownB.havegrownC.grewD.aregrowing2.〔09四川卷，17〕Theteachertogetherwiththestudentsdiscussingthat_____newlypublishedinAmerica.A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was3.〔09江西卷，28〕Atpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairport_____thatitwillbringalotjobstothearea.A.isB.areC.willbeD.were4.Hesaid,“Such_____hisgreatthoughts.”A.isB.areC.hasD.being5.Toknowandenjoythestars_____nospecializedknowledge.A.requireB.requiresC.hasrequiredD.isrequiring6.Ontheplayground_____ateacherandagroupofstudents.A.wereB.wasC.isD.stands7.AllbutLiuWei_____ontime_____class.A.was;forB.were;forC.was;toD.were;to8.Theconstructionofthetwobuildings_____bynow.A.hascompletedB.havecompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted9.Eachboyandgirl_____tohaveagoodchanceinthefuture.A.wishesB.wishC.islikeD.like10.Everybodyinourcountryside,menandwomen,youngandold,_____thisgame.A.enjoysB.goinforC.joinsD.arefondof11.Thepublic_____thebestjudgebecausethepublicalwaystheirthoughtscorrectly.A.are;expressB.are;expressesC.is;expressD.is;expresses12.There_____littlechangeinmyhometown.A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeen13.Toplayfootballandtogoswimming_____usefulforcharactertraining.A.hasB.isC.wereD.are14.Theteacherwithsomeofherstudents_____toseetheheadmasterinhospitalthisweekend.A.isgoingB.aregoingC.wasgoingD.weregoing15.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhat_____.A.hasmarkedB.havebeenmarkedC.hadmarkedD.hadbeenmarked二、根據(jù)所給提示完成以下句子16.Thispairoftrousers_________〔對(duì)我來說太長了，long〕.17._________〔消息傳來，come〕thatwewilltraveltothewestnextmonth.18._________〔五十年過去了，pass〕sincetheygotmarried.19.Mathematics_________〔有點(diǎn)難掌握，master〕bythestudents.20.Those_________〔沒交作業(yè)的，hand〕,pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練答案】一、單項(xiàng)填空1.A.此題考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)后一句時(shí)態(tài)的提示，可知前句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且population在此為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。2.D.考查主謂一致。主句主語名詞帶有介詞短語，謂語應(yīng)與該名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。第二空為定語從句的謂語應(yīng)和被修飾的先行名詞ReadingSkills