高中英語必修五-unit1-reading

Unit1GreatScientists1、特征；特性

2、鐳

3、畫家；油漆匠

4、提出

5、科學(xué)的

6、結(jié)束；推斷出

7、結(jié)論；結(jié)束

8、得出結(jié)論

9、致命的

10、傳染；感染

11、傳染的

12、熟練的；經(jīng)驗或知識豐富的

13、分析

14、醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師

15、打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫

16、照顧；護理；出席；參加

17、暴露；揭露；使曝光

18、使顯露；暴露infectiousscientificconcludedrawaconclusionanalysephsiciandefeatattendexposedeadlycharacteristicradiumputforwardinfectpainterconclusionExpertexpose….to19、治愈；痊愈

20、爆發(fā)；發(fā)作

21、挑戰(zhàn)；向..挑戰(zhàn)

22、吸收；吸引；使專心

23、嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的；劇烈的

24、疑心；被疑心著；嫌疑犯

25、線索；提示

26、泵；抽水機

27、詢問

28、責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把…歸咎于

29、附近；鄰近

30、柄；把手；處理

31、調(diào)查vt.&vt

32、調(diào)查

33、連接；聯(lián)系

34、將…和…連接或聯(lián)系起來

35、預(yù)見；預(yù)知

36、污染；弄贓

37、命令；指示；教導(dǎo)cureoutbreakhandleinvestigateinvestigationlinklink…to…foreseepolluteinstructchallengeabsorbseveresuspectcluepumpenquiryblameneighbourhoodWhoishe?

Whatishisachievement?AgreatscientistFatherofHybridRiceThemanwhoputsanendtohunger

1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?3.Whoinventedthefirststeamengine?4.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?5.Whodiscoveredradium?QuizArchimedes/.a:ki`mi:di:z/

CharlesDarwinThomasNewcomenGregorMendelMarieCurie[mз‘ri][’kjuзri]

ArchimedesAncientGreek(287-212BC)Hewasamathematician(數(shù)學(xué)家).Hefoundthatifyouputanobjectintowater,thewaterpushestheobjectup.Itrisesandpartlyfloats.Theforceofthewaterpushingitupisthesameastheweightoftheobject.CharlesDarwinBritain(1808-1882)TheOriginofSpeciesThomasNewcomenHemadeasignificantcontributiontotheIndustrialRevolutionwithhisinventionoftheSteamengine.GregorMendel(G.J.孟德爾)Czech(1822-1884)Thefatherofgenetics

MarieCuriePolishandFrench(1867-1934)6.Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?9.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?ThomasEdisonLeonardodaVinci[li?u'nɑ:d?ud?'vint?i]

SirHumphryDavyZhangHengStephenHawkingThomasEdisonAmerican(1847-1931)LeonardodaVinciItalian(1452-1519)Majorworks:TheLastSupperMonaLisaSirHumphryDavyBritish(1778-1829)ZhangHengChinese(78-139)StephenHawkingBritish(1942-)TheoreticalPhysicistABriefHistoryofTimeDoyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?sevenstagesWhatorderwouldyouputthemin?drawaconclusionthinkofamethodcollectresultsmakeaquestionfindaproblemanalysetheresultsfindsupportingevidencefindaproblemmakeaquestionthinkofamethodcollectresultsanalysetheresultsdrawaconclusionHowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?7stagesfindsupportingevidenceJohnSnowdefeats“Kingcholera”ReadingJohnSnowBritish(1813~1858)

alegendary(傳說中的)figureinthehistoryofpublichealth,霍亂(cholera)，早期譯作虎烈拉，是由霍亂弧菌所致的烈性腸道傳染病(infectiousdisease)，解放后我國已消滅本病?；魜y為我國法定的甲級烈性傳染病，要求在發(fā)現(xiàn)確診或疑似病例后2小時內(nèi)上報Thinkaboutotherinfectiousdiseasesyouhaveknown?Skimthetextandfindthemainideaofthetext.Thepassageismainlyabout:_______________________________________________________

howJohnSnowfoundthecauseofthecholeraanddefeatedit.

Fast—reading:WhoisJohnSnow?

afamousdoctorinLondon.

relationship

attendedherasherpersonalphysician.Para1Whatistheproblem?Thecholerawasthedeadlydisease

ofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.Whatcausedcholera?DetailsPara2Makeaquestion:Whichtheorytobelievein?idea1idea2Cholera

multiplied

intheair.Acloudofdangerousgaswouldfloatarounduntilitfoundits

victims.Peopleabsorbeditintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Whichonedoyoubelievemore?WhataboutJohnSnow?Para.3:Thinkofamethod:Testtwotheories

Para.4:Collectresults:MarkthedeathsonamapJohnSnow'sCholeraMap16372089pump3840BROADSTREETCAMBRIDGESTREET21JohnSnow'sCholeraMap7PubAmapofBroadStreetWhatmethoddidheuse?BroadStreetManydeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Thewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.PublichouseWhatwasthismapusedforin1854?ForfindingoutthecauseofCholera.Para5Analysetheresults:Whathappenedtothepumpwater?Thewaterwasfromtheriverwhichhadbeen

polluted

bythedirtywaterfromLondon.Para6Findsupportingevidence:Whatextraevidencedidhefind?twootherdeaths

Awomanandherdaughter(wholivedfarawaybutdrankthewater)alsodied.Para7drawaconclusion(withcertainty)Thepollutedwatercarriedthevirus.Whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylifeinordernottogetinfectedwithcholera?

HeatthefoodleftovernightCookrawfoodthoroughlyWashhandsoftenKeepawayfromflieschoosefreshseafoodKeepthekitchencleanDisposerubbishproperly.DrinkboiledwaterDiscussionReadthepassageagainandfillintheblanks:JohnSnowwasawell-known_______inLondoninthe_____century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera______out,hebegantogatherinformation.He_______onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe_______ofallwatersuppliesbe_________andthewatercompanieswere__________notto______people___pollutedwateranymore.Finally“KingCholera”was_______.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexaminedinstructedexposetodefeated

I:somekeywords1.--sofamous,expert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaas…..expertadj.熟練的；老練的；經(jīng)驗〔或知識〕豐富的anexpertrideranexpertopinionSophielearnedtocookChinesefoodwiththehelpofexpertcook.索非在內(nèi)行廚師的幫助下學(xué)會了做中國菜。expert也可以做名詞，表示“專家；高手；權(quán)威”anagriculturalexpertanexpertwiththecomputer農(nóng)業(yè)專家電腦專家熟練的騎手內(nèi)行的意見attendv.1)tobepresentat,togoto出席,參加~ameeting,~aceremony,~afuneral,

~alecture,~school,~churchE.g.Yourattendance(n.)atthemeetingwillbewelcome.2)tolookafter,carefor,serve照顧，看護Whichdoctorisattending(to/on)you?Thereisadoctorinattendanceonme.4〕attendancen.theactofattending

照顧e.g

Thereisadoctorinattendance.thenumberofpeoplepresent出席人數(shù)e.g

Therewasalargeattendanceattheconcert.音樂會聽眾很多

3)togowith伴隨

Theworkwasattendedwithmuchdifficulty.2.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.

在句中是過去分詞作后置定語,表示被動.意為“患霍亂的”.exposevt.tomakevisible暴露“expose…to…”把……暴露于……之下.beexposedto(暴露)

Heexposeshisskintothesun.(2)torevealtheguiltorwrongdoingof…揭露;揭發(fā)Heexposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他們的陰謀.Ithreatenedtoexposehim(tothepolice).Exposingyourskintothesunoftendoesyougreatharm.People~dtoradiumareeasytocatchcancer.3.Thiswasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.

die(v.)dead(adj.)death(n.)deadlyadj.1.dangerous;likelytocausedeath危險的;致命的adeadlydisease/weapon2.highlyeffectiveagainststh.orsomeone強有力的;致命的adeadlyremark擊中要害的評論3.aimingtokillordestroy意在殺死的;不共戴天的:adeadlyenemy不共戴天的敵人

4.Heknewitwouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.control

vt.tohavepowerover,rule,direct統(tǒng)治,控制Thegovernmenttriesitsbesttocontrolprices.n.控制，統(tǒng)治，掌握1)losecontrolof/be(go)outofcontrol失去控制Thedriverlostcontrolofhiscaranditknockedintoatree.2)incontrolof在…控制下Mr.brownisincontrolofthemoney.3)underthecontrolof被…控制著ThemoneyisunderthecontrolofMr.brown.4)undercontrol受控制,平靜無事Thefirewasfinallyundercontrol.5.absorbv.吸收(液體);承受;承擔(dān)(費用等)Usetheclothtoabsorbthespilledink.吸干撒的墨水Wewillnotabsorbthesecharges.我們不能承擔(dān)這些費用.absorb…in/by..吸引注意Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyourcall.專心看書absorb…into…吸收…Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.這家大公司逐漸將這些小的公司吞并了。6.…thecholerawassoseverethatmorethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.(1)soserious;sobad(人、紀(jì)律〕嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)格的Ithinkyouaretoosevereontheboy.Hisseverelooksfrightenedme.(2)veryharmfulorpainful(疼痛〕劇烈的Hehasaseverepaininhisleg.(3)beseverewith:bestrictwith對…要求嚴(yán)格Heisseverewithhimself.1.Itseemedthewater

wastoblame.~sb.for…因為……而責(zé)備某人~…upon/on…：把…責(zé)任歸于…She~dthefailureoftheirmarriageonhim.betoblame該受責(zé)備；應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)(不能用于被動語態(tài))Iamtoblameforourlosingthegame.It’sIwhoamto~forourlosingthegame.vt.責(zé)備,譴責(zé)3.InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.linkvt.連接Thesetwocitieswerelinkedbyarailway.link…to…(connect…to…)把…與…連接起來=belinkedtoIcan’tlinkmycomputertotheinternet.Fingerprintslinkedthesuspecttothecrime.7.suggestvt.建議,提出,使想起,暗示Thefirst

suggested

thatcholera

multiplied……Thesecond

suggested

thatpeople

absorbed……He

suggestedthatthesourceofallwatersupplies

beexamined

andnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwater

befound.1)建議,提議[+v-ing][+(that)][+wh-]

IsuggestourgoingtotheparkonSunday.

我建議我們星期天去公園。

Thedentistsuggestedthatshe(should)comeanotherday.

牙醫(yī)建議她改天再來。2).暗示;啟發(fā)[+(that)]

Herexpressionsuggestedpleasure.

她面露喜色。8.WiththisevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.1)Tomakeknownpublicly發(fā)表、告知、宣布ThenewswasannouncedtothepubliconTV.2〕tostateinaloudvoice(thenameofapersonorthingonarrival,asofpeopleatapartyoraircraftatanairport)宣布〔客人的名字、到達〕HisservantannouncedMr.andMrs.White.3)Tomakeclearlyknown〔事情〕顯示……;預(yù)告Warmsunshineannouncesthecomingofspring.1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.Every/eachtime是連詞,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,“每次,每當(dāng)”

EverytimeImeethim,Ialwaysthinkofthethingshappenedbetweenus.themoment,theminute,thesecond,immediately,themoment,directly,instantly等都可以作連詞,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,IwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.IcamedirectlyIgotyourletter.ThemomentIcatchacold,Ihaveapaininmyback.2.so+adj/adv+that…結(jié)果狀語從句Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool．Theboxissolightthatthechildcanliftit．

so…that…的否認(rèn)句式可用too…to…替換,肯定句式可用…enoughto…替換.such＋a／an＋adj．＋n.(單)＋that從句；such＋adj＋n(不可數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù))＋that從句Wearesuchgoodstudentsthatalltheteacherslikeus.Itissuchabigroomthatitcanholdsomanypeople.Hehas

fewbookstoreadthathehastoborrowsomefromthelibrary.

soGrammarPastpaticiple1)在句中的位置：

a.單個的過去分詞作定語時，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面過去分詞作定語theaffectedpeopleabrokenheart

alostdogarisensun

abrokenglass

受感染的人一顆破碎的心

喪家之犬

已升起的太陽被打破的玻璃杯

b.過去分詞短語作定語：通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。PeopleexposedtocholerathebookrecommendedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyear=peoplewhowasexposedtocholera=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJack=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear2)所表示的時間過去分詞作定語時，所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，(或者沒有一定的時間性)。Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.Haveyoureadthebookswrittenbytheyoungwriter？

3)語法功能過去分詞或過去分詞短語作定語時，其功能相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。

1.ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.

ThebikewhichwasstolenbelongstoJack.

2.ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.

ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.

過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別：thechangingworldthechangedworldboilingwaterboiledwaterfadingflowersfadedflowersadevelopingcountryadevelopedcountry〔正在變化的〕〔變化了的〕〔正在沸騰的〕〔已經(jīng)沸騰過的〕(正在凋謝的)〔已經(jīng)凋謝的〕(開展中的)〔興旺的〕adrowningmanadrownedmanfallingleaves

fallenleavesaretiredworkeranescapedprisoner快要淹死的人已經(jīng)淹死的人正在飄落的樹葉落葉退休工人逃犯1.Doyouknowtheboy____(lie)underthebigtree?2.Thewoman_____(sell)vegetableshasgone.3.Thewheatiswateredbywater_____(bring)fromapond.4.Heisaleader________(respect)bythepeople.Attention：過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those

等不定代詞時，要放在這些詞后面。Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.Is

there

anything

unsolved?

There

is

noting

changed

here

since

I

left

this

town.3及物動詞的過去分詞(done)與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式(beingdone)都可以表示“被動”，但前者多表示一個完成了的動作，而后者那么表示一個正在進行的動作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdayTheproblembeingdiscussed

II.過去分詞做表語〔predicative〕1過去分詞〔短語〕作表語時，其作用相當(dāng)于adj.,說明的是主語的狀態(tài)Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Thisarticleiswellwritten.Heappearedmoresatisfiedwithmywork.常見作表語的過去分詞有：

disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried等。2過去分詞做表語與現(xiàn)在分詞做表語的區(qū)別ing作表語與-ed作表語有何區(qū)別？Theresultofthetestisdisappointing.

Ifeeldisappointedwiththeresultofthetest.Thestoryisveryinteresting

Heisinterestedinthebook.Whatasurprising

result!Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.

注意

過去分詞作表語時和動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達的意思明顯不同，前者說明主語的特點及所處的狀態(tài)，而后者強調(diào)動作。Theglassisbroken.Theglassisbrokenbymylittlebrother.Competethesentencesusingtherightformofthegivenverb.Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas__________(bore)andlonely.Jacklookedevenmore_______(amaze)thanhefelt.Theresultswerevery_____________(disappoint).Iwasthankedbythe_____________(satisfy)customer.Thegirl___________(dress)inredismydaughter.LastMondayourclasswentonan____________(organise)trip.

bored

amazed

disappointing

satisfied

dressed

organised漢譯英1._____________(開水)2.________________(一個破碎的茶杯)3.three____________________(受傷的士兵)4.Welivedinthehouse__________________(我舅舅們修建的).5.Anymedicine________(服用)withouttheadviceofadoctorcancausetrouble.6.Wespenttwohoursdiscussingtheplan__________________(她制定的).7.Mostofthepeople___________________(被邀請參加宴會的)werefamousscientists.8.Lessons_____________(易學(xué)的)aresoonforgotten.9.Thecomputercenter_________________(開辦)lastweekispopularwiththestudents.ExercisesDon’tusewords,express