高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)用文專題講義

高2024屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)——應(yīng)用文精講精練三種閱讀方法略讀（skimming)——了解文章大意跳躍式瀏覽文章標(biāo)題、首尾段、每段首尾句以及表示句、段關(guān)系的連接性詞語（特別是however,but,therefore等）查讀(scanning)——尋找所需信息帶著一兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞（專有名詞、縮寫、數(shù)字）尋找所需信息在文中的位置，進(jìn)行信息定位。研讀(studyreading)——理解深層含義在原文中找到關(guān)鍵詞后，在相關(guān)范圍內(nèi)（關(guān)鍵詞所在句和上一句和下一句）逐詞、逐句閱讀，通過分析、比較、綜合、聯(lián)想等方法并結(jié)合自己掌握的知識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行推理、判斷來理解文章的深層含義以及作者的立場、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度和意圖等。閱讀理解5步驟抓大意：用略讀法了解文章及各段的大意，便于快速定位信息。讀題干：了解題目問什么，并在題干中找出便于定位的關(guān)鍵詞。定位信息：帶著問題和特征詞，用查讀法在文章中找到相關(guān)句段。特別注意：題文同序！研讀：理解所找到的相關(guān)句段，有的還要根據(jù)背景常識(shí)進(jìn)行簡單的推理或判斷，對(duì)比各個(gè)選項(xiàng)做出判斷。綜合選擇：考慮各題所選選項(xiàng)，看是否切合全文主旨。應(yīng)用文文體題型解讀應(yīng)用文：廣告、書信、列車或飛機(jī)的時(shí)刻表、產(chǎn)品說明書、宣傳海報(bào)、簡明新聞等都屬于應(yīng)用文，他們的目的都是為了向讀者傳輸信息。在閱讀這類文章時(shí)主要是注意細(xì)節(jié)信息（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物或數(shù)據(jù)），做題時(shí)，根據(jù)所提問題中的關(guān)鍵詞定位，用尋讀、跳讀的方法更有效。【做題步驟】1.不需讀原文（有題目和小標(biāo)題的要看），直接看問題，劃出問題中的關(guān)鍵詞2.從題干中尋找關(guān)鍵詞，定位問題答案【注意】①細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項(xiàng)大都是相應(yīng)原文的變形(如同義改寫、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)②注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因?yàn)檫@很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括高考應(yīng)用文命題規(guī)律從命題上看，應(yīng)用文主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解，近年來也會(huì)考查推理判斷、寫作意圖以及讀者對(duì)象等。應(yīng)用文閱讀材料簡單明了，主要考查考生快速而準(zhǔn)確地獲取和理解文中具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的能力。重點(diǎn)：理解文章具體信息題型分類直接信息題：直接在文中獲取歸納概括題：對(duì)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)信息進(jìn)行歸納概括語義轉(zhuǎn)化題：對(duì)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)信息進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)化數(shù)字計(jì)算題：對(duì)文中提供的數(shù)字進(jìn)行簡單計(jì)算真題演練和精講直接信息題（2023年新課標(biāo)II卷）CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.22．WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?A．Worksoffamousartists. B．Protectionofwildanimals.C．Basicphotographyskills. D．Historyofthecanyonarea.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahandsonprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.23．WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A．ArtistPoint. B．WashburnTrailhead.C．CanyonVillageStore. D．VisitorEducationCenter.（2023年全國甲卷）Bo.lanBo.lanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkok’sculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009.ServinghardtofindThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere,therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine’sroots,yetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwist.Thisplaceisgoodforacandlelitdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.Forthoseextremelyhungry,there’salargesetmenu.22．Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu?A．Gaggan. B．Bo.lan. C．IssayaSiameseClub. D．Nahm.GagganEarningfirstplaceonthelatest“Asia’s50bestrestaurants”list,progressiveIndianrestaurantGagganisoneofthemostexcitingvenues(場所)toarriveinBangkokinrecentyears.ThebesttableinthistwostorycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.Culinarytheateratitsbest.23．WhatisspecialaboutGaggan?A．IthiresstafffromIndia. B．Itputsonaplayeveryday.C．Itserveshardtofindlocaldishes. D．Itshowsthecookingprocesstoguests.（二）語義轉(zhuǎn)化題（2023年新課標(biāo)I卷）WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalpanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.21．WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A．Itgiveschildrenadiscount. B．Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C．Itorganizesfreecycletours. D．Ithasover2,500rentalshops.（2022年新高考I卷）LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotpletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero. B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest. D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.（三）數(shù)字計(jì)算題（2023年新課標(biāo)I卷）PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?€15.75.B．€19.50. C．€22.75. D．€29.50.（2023年1月浙江卷）ExplorersCamp?Fulldaycampforkidsaged513.?MondayFriday,July826,9am4pm.Week1|July812Week2|July1519Week3|July2226?Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.?Fees:$365perweek.?Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.Howmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleweek?A．15. B．21. C．30. D．42.（2023年新高考I卷）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90100,A;8089,B;7079,C;6069,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstopletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytopleteshortinclasswritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobepletedinclassorshortassignmentstobepletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotpletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper. C．Acourseplan. D．Anacademicarticle.22．Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.（四）文章來源/目標(biāo)讀者題（難點(diǎn)）根據(jù)設(shè)題方式迅速確定題型:Thispassagewouldbemostlikelytobefoundin．Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom．Wheredoesthistextprobablyefrom?Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?Thetextisintendedfor．解題策略：根據(jù)文章的話題和細(xì)節(jié)確定文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象根據(jù)文章的體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章的中心話題廣告：語言簡潔鮮明，有亮點(diǎn)；報(bào)刊：時(shí)事性強(qiáng)，分不同板塊，高考中常以政治、生活的話題為主；雜志：覆蓋生活各個(gè)層面，更貼近幕后，更貼近生活；產(chǎn)品說明書：對(duì)某產(chǎn)品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介紹；藥品說明：說明藥品的服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量、禁忌等；網(wǎng)絡(luò)：文體不限，找到clickhere，download，up-load，link，mouse,surf等網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)志（2023·四川綿陽·四川省綿陽南山中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測閱讀理解A篇）Thesummervacationisjustaroundthecorner.Withsuchalongholidaytospend,haveyoudecidedwheretogetyourselfrelaxedfromthegreatpressureofschoolstudy?Ourpanyspecializesinciviltours.Wetakeprideinofferingyouthebestservicesandinprovidingyouwithavacationthatwillbefondlyremembered.Thefollowingplacescanbeyourunforgettabledestinationsinourcountry.A．TheAustralianMuseumTheAustralianMuseumhasaninternationalreputationinthefieldsofnaturalhistoryandindigenousstudiesresearchandexhibitions.Themuseumwasestablishedin1827andisAustralia’sfirstmuseumofnaturalscienceandculturalartifacts.B．SydneyOlympicParkHomeoftheBestGamesEverand2003RugbyWorld,SydneyOlympicParkisagoldmedalattractionandcontinuestoserveasamajorsportandsocialvenue.Apartfromitsultramodernsportvenues,SydneyOlympicParkissetinextensiveparklands.BicentennialPark,oneofSydney’smostpopularrecreationalareas,iscrisscrossedwithwalkingandbicycletracks.C．ArtGalleryofNewSouthWalesLocatedwithinashortwalkingdistancefromSydney’sCBD,theArtGalleryofNewSouthWalesisoneofAustralia’sforemostartmuseumshousingsomeofthefinestworksofartinthecountry.TheGalleryhasarichanddiversecollectionincludingkeyworksoftheHeidelbergSchoolandfavoritemodernAustralianartistsincludingBrettWhiteleyandMargaretPreston,aswellaspermanentAustralian,European,Asian,contemporaryandphotographicgalleries.D．KoalasParkSanctuaryKoalasareonshoweveryday.Showsareat10:20A．M.,11:20A．M.,2:00P.M.,3:00P.M.whereyoucancuddle,feed,patandhaveyourphototakenwiththeKoalas.SeefreeroamingKoalasaswell,10acresofrainforest.Walkinandpatourkangaroos.21．HowlonghastheAustralianMuseumbeenbuilt?A．Around230years. B．Around190years.C．Around140years. D．Around100years.22．Whichofthefollowingmightbemoreinvitingtoasportsfan?A．KoalasParkSanctuary. B．ArtGalleryofNewSouthWales.C．TheAustralianMuseum. D．SydneyOlympicPark23．Whoisthispassageintendedfor?A．SchoolstudentsB．Parents. C．Foreigntourists. D．Teachers.（2023·江蘇南京·南京市第一中學(xué)校考三模）We’rehostingaReviewBlitz!Wewantreasonablereviewsinonemonth!Thesereviewsmustbeyourhonestopinions.Justremembertosubmit(提交)yourreviewbeforeAugust23,2023.Rules:

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Giveabriefsummaryofthebook.Don’texplaintheentireplotortellyourreaderhowthebookends.

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Remendthebooktosomecertainreaders.Isthebookmoresuitabletoolderteens?Wouldsciencefictionfansbeinterestedinthisbook?It’shelpfulforreade