Unit+3+The+lnternet+Discovering+useful+structures【知識(shí)精研+能力提升】高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)

Presentperfectpassivevoice現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Unit3LeadinAppreciateapoemLookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedLookatthewayyourteethhavebeenbrushedLookatthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedYou’dbetterdothemagain.LookatthewaytheflowershavebeenplantedLookatthewaythegrasshasbeencutLookatthewaythepathshavebeensweptIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.Enjoy!BYYUSHEN現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)activepassiveThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.present(now)futurepast表示說(shuō)話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作或結(jié)果，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。Youhaveslainanenemy.Yourteamhasdestroyedtheturret.slay–slew-slainhave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoneAnallyhasbeenslain.Anenemyhasbeenslain.Youhavebeenslain.Yourturrethasbeendestroyed.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)防御塔

殺死敵人盟友slay-slain-slain一、ThePresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：has/have+done

(V-過(guò)去分詞)助動(dòng)詞,無(wú)意義表示說(shuō)話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,而且這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響;表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。

表示

發(fā)生的或

的動(dòng)作對(duì)

造成的

。Pastpresent過(guò)去已完成現(xiàn)在影響或結(jié)果e.g.1.I

havejustopened

thedoor.

結(jié)果是

(Thedoorisnotclosednow.）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念：常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：◆常與不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如:thesedays,uptonow,

bynow,lately,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,recently,sofar,inthepastfewyears等,表示“到目前為止”所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(ActiveVoice)肯定式have/hasdone否定式have/hasnotdone一般疑問(wèn)句have/has+主+done？（have/has提前）特殊疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞-have/has+主+done？

(疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句)肯定式S+have/has+been+doneTheresearchhasbeendonesuccessfully.否定式S+have/has+not+been+done...Theauthor’snewstoryhasnotbeenpublished.一般疑問(wèn)句Have/Has+S+been+done...Hashiswashingmachinebeenrepaired?特殊疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+S+been+done...Whohasbeeninvited?二、Thepresentperfectpassivevoice

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.定義

表示說(shuō)話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作或結(jié)果,主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)has/havedonebedonehas/havebeendone+被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的意義和構(gòu)成1.ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.2.Theclassroomsarecleanedbystudentseveryday.3.ThismathsproblemcanbeworkedoutbylittleTom.

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+

be+done

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可能會(huì)發(fā)生在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)，狀態(tài)可能是正在發(fā)生，

也可能已經(jīng)完成。

例2：HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?他們已經(jīng)被派往國(guó)外學(xué)英語(yǔ)了嗎?

例3：Whohasbeeninvented?誰(shuí)受到了邀請(qǐng)？

二

構(gòu)成陳述句主語(yǔ)+has/have（not）been+P.P.+...例1：Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.她的摩托車盜了。一般疑問(wèn)句Has/have+主語(yǔ)+been+P.P.+...?特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+been+P.P.+...?主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的原則“三變”原句主語(yǔ)by的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)由主動(dòng)被動(dòng)“三不變”原句意思不變?cè)鋾r(shí)態(tài)不變?cè)渲髦^賓以外成分不變1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：is/am/are+done

Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我們教室每天都被打掃。2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+done

Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.去年修了一座新商店。3、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+bedoneAnewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.我們城市將要修建一家新醫(yī)院。4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are+beingdoneMybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.王叔叔正在修理我的自行車。5、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were+beingdoneThenewroadwasbeingmade.這條新路正在修筑。6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：has/have+beendone

Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.這本書被翻譯成多種文字。already

已經(jīng)

yet

已經(jīng)recently/lately

最近

sincethen

從那時(shí)起eversince

自那以來(lái)

ever

曾經(jīng)sofar

迄今為止

bynow

到現(xiàn)在為止foralongtime

很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間inrecentyears

在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears

在過(guò)去的幾年里常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：即學(xué)即練1.Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.將下列主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句2.Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildalibraryinthecity.3.Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelasttwoyears.Shehasbeenaskedbymetohelpyou.Agoodplacehasbeenfoundbythemtobuildalibraryinthecity.Manytreeshavebeenplantedbyusonthehillinthelasttwoyears.1.不及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，rise,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,survive,remaind,last,die,disappear,end,fail,belongto,consistof...Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownrecently.Afterthetrafficaccident,noonesurvivedexceptapersonwhowasbadlyinjured.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注意事項(xiàng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注意事項(xiàng)2.雖然一般說(shuō)來(lái)只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但許多“不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞或介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，不可把介詞或副詞漏掉,laughat,operateon,listento,lookafter,takecareof,thinkof,talkabout,handin,catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,turnon…Mysisterwillbetakencareofbygrandma.Thepatientisbeingoperatedonnow.Heturnedontheradiojustnow.Theradiowasturnedonbyhimjustnow.Go

for

Grammar1.將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)2.將主動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)謂語(yǔ)(am/is/are＋being+過(guò)去分詞)。3.將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)閎y短語(yǔ)(在被動(dòng)句中作狀語(yǔ),若不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的by短語(yǔ)通常可以省略)。theInternet

hasgreatlyimproved

Jan’slife.主語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)→Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimproved

bytheInternet.

主語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)

狀語(yǔ)They

arebuilding

nineparks.主語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)→Nineparks

arebeingbuilt

(bythem).主語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)

狀語(yǔ)【注意一】主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟:Go

for

Grammar【注意二】主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注意事項(xiàng)1.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞。Theytakegoodcareofthechildrenatschool.→Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofatschool.Youshouldn'tlaughatdisabledpeople.→Disabledpeopleshouldn'tbelaughedat.

2.帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)可以有兩種情況：（1）把間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而把直接賓語(yǔ)(指事物)保留下來(lái)。（2）直接賓語(yǔ)(指事物)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前面加介詞to或for。用to還是for，根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的搭配：一般動(dòng)詞give,pass,show,send,bring要加介詞to；動(dòng)詞buy,make,cook,mend要加介詞for。Hegavehersomemoney.→Shewasgivensomemoney./Somemoneywasgiventohim.

Heboughtherawatch.→Shewasboughtawatch./

Awatchwasboughtforher.找出下面句子的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，哪些是主動(dòng)？哪些是被動(dòng)？Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.被動(dòng)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的常用句式肯定式主語(yǔ)＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主語(yǔ)＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑問(wèn)式Have/Has＋主語(yǔ)＋beendone...？特殊疑問(wèn)式疑問(wèn)詞＋have/has＋主語(yǔ)＋beendone...？1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I______________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Over

timemymemory______________(develop)somuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingI____________(told).3.Since

the

1970smanynewapplications_____________(find)forme.4.Ihavealso___________(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas______(help)withmedicaloperations.

has

developedhave

been

told

have

been

foundbeenputhelphave

beenusedExercises用動(dòng)詞正確形式填空1.Someonehaslostanidentitycard.2.HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipassword?3.Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile?4.Hasanyonemadeacommentabouttheonlinedatabase?Anidentitycardhasbeenlost.HastheWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmed?

Hasthebuttonbeenpressedyettocopythefile?

Hasa/anycommentbeenmadeabouttheonlinedatabase?將下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)二、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1.Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.2.Thoseflowersinthegardenhaveneverbeenwatered.3.Ourschool_____________________(build)since1989.4.Inthelastfewyears,thousandsoffilms____________________

(produce)allovertheworld.5.Sofaraboutfivethousand

trees_____________________(plant)aroundourvillage.6.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecity,andalotoffactories____________________(set)uprecently.hasbeenbuilthavebeenproducedhavebeenplantedhavebeenset已經(jīng)already,yet...從不never自從since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間=for+一段時(shí)間過(guò)去一段時(shí)間以來(lái)Inthelastyear,lastfewdays,lastfewmonths...其他時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Before,just,lately,recently,sofar,lately..(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：

注意

Themachinehasbeenrepaired.(說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響)Themachineisbeingrepairednow.(說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.(只說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去)Theprojecthasbeenstarted

forthreemonths.（F）Theprojecthasbeenon

forthreemonths.（T）(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思,則要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。語(yǔ)法填空現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)1.找時(shí)：看是否有與現(xiàn)在完成相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；2.圈主：看主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系；3.定謂：確定謂動(dòng)單復(fù)數(shù)：have/has(not)beendone。（1）與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別（2）borrow，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，需要改變動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。這本書借了一周了。Thebookhasbeenborrowedforaweek.（×）Thebookhasbeenkeptforaweek.（√）In1908,theOlympicGameswasheldhereforthefirsttime.TheOlympicGameshasbeenheldinmanycountriessincethe1900s.Hewasinvitedtodeliveraspeechlastweek.Hehasbeeninvitedtodeliveraspeechtomanycompaniessincehewasfamous.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)拓展Hehasbeentoldmanytimes,andhefinallyunderstoodit.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.Thepoorhavebeenoppressedandexploitedforsolong.Thepoor,havingbeenoppressedandexploitedforsolong,tookuptheirgunsandknivestokillrichnobles.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式SUMMMARY現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含義結(jié)構(gòu)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完

成或仍將持續(xù),強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響have/hasbeendone形式肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式have/hasbeendonehave/hasnotbeendoneHave/Has+主語(yǔ)+beendone?特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+beendone?用法表示已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去開始的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示某被動(dòng)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果注意事項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不可分割也不可省略其中的介詞和副詞不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無(wú)被動(dòng)一、時(shí)態(tài)填空1.Theink____________________(remove)fromhisovercoat．2.Hasthedateforthenextmeeting__________________(decide)?3.Howlonghasthebattery______________________(change)?4.Themachinehasalready_____________________(repair)．機(jī)器已經(jīng)修好了。5.Financialproblemsofthecompany_____________________(discuss)fornearlytwohours．6.Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomework_____________________(finish)8.Ihave_____________(use)bythecompanysincethe1970s.9.They____________(sell)tenapartmentsinthepastonehour.10.People'shealth_______________________(受到了很大的影響)byair,noiseandwater.hasbeenremovedbeendecidedbeenchangedbeenrepairedhavebeendiscussedhasbeenfinishedbeenusedhavesoldhavebeenaffectedgreatly二、語(yǔ)法填空1.Papermoney____________(use)foroverathousandyears.

2.—_____theletter__________(give)toMr.Black?—No.It’sstillonthedesk.3.Greatchanges___________(take)placeinmyhometownanda