九年級英語單元測試閱讀短文選擇正確答案練習(xí)

九年級英語單元測試閱讀短文選擇正確答案練習(xí)

學(xué)校名稱：班級：學(xué)號：姓名：

1.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案

Nevertrytoworkwhenyouareveryhungry.Ifyoudecidetodoyourhomework

rightafterschool,youmaygetsomethingtoeatbeforegettingtowork.Always

doyourhomeworkbeforeyougettootired.Don,twaituntilverylateinthe

evening,oryourworkwillseemmuchharderthanitreallyis.

Ifyouhavemorethananhour,swork,giveyourselfabreakafteranhour.

Ontheotherhand,don,tbreakitupsomuchthatyoucan,tgetanythingdone

youshouldbeabletoworkatleastahalfatatimewithoutstopping.

Don,tputitoffuntilthelastminute.Ifyouputoffdoingyourhomework,

youwillhaveitonyourmind,andyouwon,tenjoyyourfreetimesomuch.If

youputitoffuntiltheendoftheweekoruntilrightbeforeatest,youwill

havetoomuchcatchinguptodo.Alittlebiteachnightenoughtokeepupwith

whatishappeningeachdayinschool,willtakethefearoutoftestsandkeep

youontopofitall.

Doyourhomeworkatthesametimeeveryevening.Thiswillhelpyoumake

itahabit.Itwillmakeiteasiertodoanditwillmakeyourfreetimemore

enjoyable,aswell.

54.Ifwewaitverylateintheevening,ourworkwill.

A.becomeabithardB.seemmuchharder

C.lookveryeasyD.gotosomuchtrouble

55.Somestudentsinschoolswon,tenjoytheirfreetimesomuchbecausethey

A.havetodotheirhomeworkeachnight

B.willhavetoomuchcatchinguptodo

C.neverfinishtheirhomeworkintime

D.wanttokeepupwithwhatishappeninginschool

56.Howmanysuggestionsarementionedinthepassage?

A.Five.B.Four.C.Three.D.Two.

57.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howtospendyourfreetime.B.Howtodoyourhomework.

C.Somegoodhabitsathome.D.Somedon,tdoanddoinschools.

2.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案

Thinkoflifeinadesert:nofoodorwater,onlystrongsunandheavywind

fullofsand.You,ddieofthirstwhilewaitingforapassingplanethatnever

comes.

Butdon,tdismissthethoughtasanightmare（噩夢）.Yourhometowncould

becomeadesertifnothingisdonetopreventit.

Desertsareeatinglandathighspeed.InChina,desertification（沙漠

化）hasaffected2,622,OOOsquarekilometres,equalto14GuangdongProvinces,

mostlyintheNorth.Desertsareadvancingatapaceof2,460kilometresper

year.

AccordingtotheUN,one-thirdoftheplanet,Slandsurface,withone

billionpeople,hasbecomedesert.Africa,AsiaandLatinAmericahavethedriest

landindangerofdesertification.

Recognizingthethreat（威脅）tohumanbeings,theUnitedNationshasnamed

2006theInternationalYearofDesertsandDesertification.

Itwantstoincreasepubblicawareness（關(guān)注）ofadvancingdeserts.

ActivitiesincludeafilmfestivalinRomewithfilmsonlifeinunproductive

（貧瘠的）lands.Meetingswilldiscussinternationalcooperation,suchas

plantingtreesandchangingagriculturalpractices.

Desertificationtakesplacewhererainislittleandtheclimatehot.But

humanactivitiesarethebiggestcause.Landturnsintodesertwhenthesoil

isover-farmedandtoomanyanimalseatupplants.Tomakemoney,peoplealso

cutdowntreesthatholdthesoil.

Desertificationbringsseriousproblems.From1991to2000,droughts（干

旱）killedover280,000peopleworldwide.Whenlandbecomesuseless,there,

sabiglossinfoodproduction.

Dustfromdesertsisblownintocitiesaroundtheworld.Eachspring,Beijing

isatriskofyellowdustfromtheGobiDesert.DustfromAfricareachescities

intheUSandEurope,leadingtoillnessesandworseningenvironments.

58.WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionedinthepassage?

A.Thebadinfluencesofdeserts.B.Howseriousdesertificationis.

C.Whatmakeslandturnintodesert.D.Thewaystochangedesertsinto

farms.

59.Thepurposeofwritingthefirstparagraphisto.

A.serveasapictureofalargedesert

B.showhowimportantwateristohumans

C.drawyourattentiontotheproblemofdesertification

D.showhowmuchisneededtobedonetochangedeserts

60.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat.

A.desertscanbeeasilyseeninbothhotanddryplaces

B.onethirdoftheareainAfricahasbecomedesert

C.theUNhasmademanyfilmsondesertificationin2006

D.dealingwithdesertificationneedsworld—widecooperation

3.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案

MrKingliedwithsixhundredwiIdanimalsontheGreekIslandofKyklos.Ever

sinceheleftschool,hehadtravelledallovertheworldcollectinganimalsfor

hisownzoo.Hehopedtocollecttwoexamplesofeverykindofanimalonhis

island.Buthewasafraidthatpeoplewouldfindhimsomeday.

Hewrotebooksabouthistravels,andabouthisanimalsthathecollected.The

moneyfromthebookshelpedtopayforallthefoodthattheseanimalsate.

Oneday,whenMrKingwasoutlookingfordrinkingwater,hefoundoil.He

neededmoneyforhistravelsandforhiszoo,andalittleoilwouldbuyenough

waterforwhatheneededallhislife,butheknewthatifhetoldanybodyelse

aboutit,itwouldbetheendofhiszooandhislife,swork.Sohedecidednot

totellanyoneaboutwhathehadfound,becauseOilandWaterCoUldrι'tmix.

61.MrKingtravelledallovertheworldfor.()

A.oilB.waterC.animalsD.money

62.MrKingwasafraidthatpeoplewouldfindhimsomedaybecause

.()

A.hehadn,tgotenoughmoneyforthem

B.thatwouldbetheendofhiszoo

C.hehadn,tgotenoughwaterandoil

D.theywouldbuyhisanimals

63.MrKingusedthemoneyfromhisbooksto,.()

A.tellpeoplehehadgotmanywildanimals

B.keephiswildanimals

C.getsomethingforhimself

D.letpeopleknowhelivedonanisland

64.MrKinghadtofindwatermaybebecause..()

A.waterwasexpensiveatthattime

B.hewantedtofindoil

C.thewateraroundtheislandcouldn,tbedrunk

D.heneededmoneyforhistravel

?，，

65.Inthepassage“oilandwatercouldn,tmixmeans..()

A.MrKingneedednotonlywaterbutalsooil

B.oilandwaterwereratherdifficulttobemixedtogether

C.MrKing,Sanimalsonlyneededwater,notoil

D.ifhetoldothershefoundoil,hislife,sworkwouldbestopped

4.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案

Ordinarywastheworstwordmymothercouldfindforanything.I

rememberhertakingmeshoppingandtakingnonoticeoftheshop

assistantswhentheysuggestedthatsomedressorpairofshoesw

asverypopular-,zwe,vesoldfiftyalreadythisweekz,.Thatwasall

she

neededtohear.〃No〃，shewouldsay,"we'renotinterestedinthat.

Haven,tyougotsomethingalittlemoreunusual?”Andthentheas

sistantwouldbringoutallthestrangecoloursnooneelsewould

buy.AndlatersheandIwouldarguebecauseIwantedtobeordin

arybutmymotherwantedtobeunusual."Icantstandthathairdo

(發(fā)型)?”shesaid,

whenIwenttothehairdresserwithmyfriendandcamebackwit

haboyhaircut,〃It'ssoterriblyordinary.,,Notugly,notunsu

itable.Butordinary...z,Could∏,tyoupleasewearsomethingelse?”

IaskedonedaywhenshewasdressingforParents,Day

intight-fittingbullfighter,spantsandabrightpinksweater.

"What'swrongwithwhatΓmwearing?”Whatwasn,twrongwith

it!

z,It,sjustthatIwishyou,dwearsomethingordinary,z,Isai

d,z,somethingthatpeoplewon,tlaughat.〃Shelookedatm

eangrilyandthensaid,“Areyouashamedofyourownmothe

r?Ifyouare,Isadora,Ifeelsorryforyou.Ireallyd

o.〃

61.WhatdidtheshopassistantsexpectIsadora,smotherto

buy?

A.Somethingverypopular.B.Stylestheyhadsoldoutof.

C.Clothesthatwerecheap.D.Themostunusualclothes.

62.WhenIsadorahadherhaircutinaboyhairstyle,herm

other.

A.felthappywithitB.surelydislikedit

C.toldhertochangeitD.thoughtitwaschildish

63.WhydidIsadoraaskhermothertochangeherclotheson

Parents,Day?

Λ.Becausehermother,sclotheswereoutofstyle.

B.Becauseshedid∏,tlikeapinksweateratall.

C.Becauseshedid∏,tlikehermothertodressthatway.

D.Becauseshedid∏,twantotherstolookathermother.

64.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthatIsadora,smothermus

tbevery.

A.popularB.interestingC.kind-heartedD.confident

5.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案

NoonewantstolooksillyordotheWrongthingatanewjob

,Itisimportanttomaketherightimpression

fromtheveryfirstday.Youwillfacenewpeople.

Youwillbeinanewplace.Itmaybedifficulttoknowwhat

todo.

Herearefivetipstohelpyoumakeitthroughthefirst

daysatanewjob:

1.Firstimpressionscanlastforever.Makesureyoumakeagood

one.

Beforeyourfirstday,findoutifyournewjobhasadress

code(rulesaboutwhatyou

canweartowork).Ifso,besuretofollowit.Nomatter

what,alwaysbeneatandclean.

2.Gettoworkontime.Giveyourselfanextra15minutestomak

esureyouarriveontime.

3.Payattentiontointroductions.

Oneofthefirstthingsthatyoursupervisormaydoistoint

reduceyoutoco-workers.

Theseco-workerswillbeimportanttoyou.Theyaretheones

whowillansweryour

questionswhenthebossisnotaround.

4.Askplentyofquestions.Makesurethatyoursupervisorhastol

dyouwhatisexpected

ofyou.Ifheorshehasnottoldyouyourduties,askfor

alist.Setdailyandweekly

goalsforyourself.

5.Neverbethefirstonetoleave.Observewhatyourco-workers

doaroundquittingtime

班時

間）?Itdoesnotlookgoodforyoutobeeagertoleave.

65.Beforeyouarriveatwork,youshould

A.dressinarightwayB.i

ntroduceyourself

C.knowyourduties

D.knowyourco-workerswell

66.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsi

sTrue?

?.Youshouldbethefirstonetoarriveatwork.

BYoushouldaskyourco-workersforyourduties.

C.Youshouldnotbeeagertogobackhome.

D.Youarerequiredtoarrive15minutesearlier.

67.Thewriterthinksthatanewjobistopeople.

A.adutyB.achallengeC.an

offerD.fun

68.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.GettingaNewJobB.TipsonHow

toWork

C.TheFirst-dayWorkD.TheImportance

ofCo-workers

6.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案

Amanwenttoafast-foodrestauranttobuyhislunch."Hi,”

aworkersaid."MayIhelpyou?”

"I'dlikeahamburger,largechips,andaCoke,“themansaid.

“Anythingelse?”theworkerasked.

"No,"themananswered."That'Sit."

“Isthatforhereortogo?”theworkerasked.

“Togo,“themansaid.

Theworkerputtheman,slunchinabag.Themantookouthismoney

andpaidforhislunch.

“Thankyou,“theworkersaid."Haveaniceday.”

Themantookthebagandwalkedtoapark.Hesatdownandopened

thebag.Hewassurprised.Therewasnohamburgerinthebag.There

werenochips.TherewasnoCoke.Therewasonlymoneyinthebag

一alotofmoney!Themancountedthemoney.Twothousanddollars!

Whywasthemoneyinthebag?Wherewastheman,slunch?

Themanagerofthefast-foodrestaurantneededtogotothebank.

Heputtwothousanddollarsinanenvelope（信封）.Heputtheenvelope

inabagandputthebagdown.Theworkergavethemanager,sbagto

themanbymistake.Sothemanagerhadahamburger,chipsandaCoke,

andthemanhadtwothousanddollars.Whatshouldthemando?

69.Themanwenttoarestaurantto.

A.buyhislunchB.havearest

C.selldrinksD.cookfood

70.Themanwantedtohavehislunch

A.inahotelB.inashop

C.inarestaurantD.inapark

71.Whenthemanopenedthebag,hefoundinit.

A.foodB.drinkC.moneyD.nothing

7.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案

AnneandJosepharetalkingaboutaninterestingquestion.Whydosome

peoplechangetheirnames?Therecanbemanyreasons.Hannachanged

hernametoAnnebecauseshethoughtitwouldbeeasierforpeopleto

remember.Ontheotherhand,Josephisthinkingaboutchanginghisname

toanunusualnamebecausehewantstobedifferent.

Peoplehavealotofreasonsforchangingtheirnames.Filmstars,

singers,sportsmenandsomeotherfamouspeopleoftenchangetheirnames

becausetheywantnamesthatarenotordinary,orthathavespecialsound.

Theychosethe“newname,,forthemselvesinsteadofthenametheir

parentsgavethemwhentheywereborn.

Somepeoplehaveanotherreasonforchangingtheirnames.Theyhavemoved

toanewcountryandwanttouseanamethatisusualthere.

Forexample,LiKaimingchangedhisnametoKenLeewhenhe

movedtotheUnitedStates.HeusesthenameKenathisjob

andatschool.ButwithhisfamilyandChinesefriends,he

usesLiKaiming.Forsomepeople,usingdifferentnamesmakes

lifeeasierintheirnewcountry.

Inmanycountries,awomanchangesherfamilynametoherhusband,safter

shegetsmarried.Buttoday,manywomenarekeepingtheirownfamilyname

andnotusingtheirhusband,s.Sometimes,womenusetheirownnamein

somesituations（'情況）andtheirhusband'sinothersituations.Andsome

useboththeirownnameandtheirhusband,s.

72.HannachangesherenametoAnnebecause“Anne"isfor

peopletoremember.

A.louderB.easierC.prettierD.harder

73.Famouspeoplewanttheirnewnamesto.

?.havespecialsoundB.beordinary

C.havenomeaningD.beunknown

74.MrLiuseshisnewnamewhenhe.

A.stayswithhisfamilyB.isathisjob

C.isamongChinesefriendsD.comesbacktoChina

75.Whatisthebesttitle（標(biāo)題）Ofthispassage?

A.FamilyNamesB.Women,SNames

C.ChangingNamesD.SpecialNames

8.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案

WhenyouarelearningEnglish,listening,speakingandwritingareimportant,

butreadingcanbehelpful.Whenyouread,youcannotonlylearnsomenewwords,

butalsolearnhowtousetheseEnglishwords.Whenyouread,itgivesyoua

goodexampleforwriting.

Secretsofgoodreading:

Trytoreadattherightlevel（水平）.Readsomethingthatyoucanunderstand.

Ifyouneedtostopeverythreewordstouseadictionary,itisnotinteresting.

Trytoincrease（增力口）thenumberofyournewwords.Iftherearefourorfive

newwordsonapage,writetheminyournotebook.Butyoudon,thavetowrite

themwhileyouread.Instead,trytoguesstheirmeaningasyouread:mark（作

記號）withthemwithapen.Thencomebackwhenyouhavefinishedreadingtolook

themupinadictionaryandwritetheminyourvocabularyandwritetheminyour

ownvocabularybook.Thentrytorememberthem.

Trytoreadregularly（有規(guī)律）.Forexample,readforashorttimeoncea

day.FifteenminuteseverydayisbetterthantwohourseverySunday.Fix（固

定）atimetoreadandkeeptoit.Forexample,youcouldreadforfifteenminutes

whenyougotobed,orwhenyougetuporatlunchtime.

Readwhatinterestsyou.Chooseabookoramagazineaboutasubjectthat

youlike,becauseyouaregoingtospendtimeandmoneyreadingit.So,choose

aninterestingbook.Youcanalsoreadnewspapers.TherearemanyEnglish

newspapersinChina.Forexample,21stCenturyTeens,EnglishCoachingPaper,

etc.Theyareeasyenoughforyoutounderstand.Thereissomethinginteresting

inthem.

51.Howmanyreadingsecretsarementionedinthepassage?

A.SixB.ThreeC.FourD.Five

52.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?

A.Readingcanhelpyouwritebetter.

B.Itisinterestingforyoutostopeverythreewordstouseadictionary.

C.Whenyouread,youcanonlylearnsomenewwords.

D.TrytoreadsomethingthatisdifficulttoimproveyourEnglish.

53.Ifyoumeetonlyafewnewwordsonapagewhilereading,.

A.writethemdownatonceB.justguessthemeanings.

C.giveupreadingD.don,tmarkwithapen

54.Toimproveyourreading,.

A.onlyreadmagazinesaboutasubjectyoulike

B.readingEnglishfortwohourseverySundayismuchbetterthanforashort

timeeveryday.

C.youshouldreadsomethingyoulikeforashorttimeonceaday

D.it,senoughforyoutoreadsomenewspapers.

55.Thebesttitleis.

A.ReadingisVeryHelpfulB.WhentoRead

C.WhattoReadD.HowtoMakeReadingBetter

9.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案

Youngpeoplecanhaveproblemswiththeirminds.Somestudentsbecomeworried

becausetheyhavetostudyveryhard.Othershavetroublegettingonwellwith

peopleliketheirparentsandclassmates.

LiuWee,ajunior2studentfromHefei,couldnotunderstandhisteacherand

wasdoingbadlyinhislessons.Hebecamesoworriedaboutitthathestarted

tocuthisfingerwithaknife.

Anotherstudent,14-year-oldYanFangfromGuangzhou,wasafraidofexams.

Shegotveryworriedinoneexam,andwhenshelookedattheexampaper.She

couldn,tthinkofanythingtowrite.

ArecentreportfromJiefangDailysaysabout18%ofShanghaiteenagershave

mental（心理的）problems.Theirtroublesincludebeingworriedandveryunhappy

andhavingproblemsinlearningandgettingonwithpeople.Manystudentswho

haveproblemswon,tgoforadviceorhelp.Somethinktheywilllookstupid

（silly）iftheygotoseeadoctor.Othersdon,twanttotalkabouttheirsecret.

LiangYuezhu,anexpert（專家）onteenagersfromBeijingAddingHospitalhas

thefollowingadviceforteenagers:

*Talktoyourparentsorteachersoften.

*Takepartingroupactivitiesandplaysports.

*Gotoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappyorunwell.

56.Thestudentswhooftenbecomeworriedorhavetroublegettingonwithothers

mayhave.

A.mentalproblemsB.aheadacheC.nofriendsD.noparents

57.LiuWeicuthisfingerwithaknifebecause.

A.hewasafraidofhisteacherB.hewantedtofrightenhisparents

C.hewassoworriedabouthisstudiesD.somethingwaswrongwithit

58YiangFang,Sproblemshappenedwhenever.

A.shestudiedveryhardB.shehadexams

C.shetalkedwithherparentsC.shethoughtofsomething

59.Studentswhohaveproblemswon,taskothersforhelpbecause_____.

A.theywon,tletothersthinktheyarestupid

B.theydon,tthinkdoctorscanhelpthem

C.theydon,twanttotelltheirsecrettoothers

D.bothAandC

60.LiangYuezhu,sadvicetellsusthat.

A.it,sbetterforthestudentswhohavementalproblemstostayaloneat

home

B.it,sunnecessaryforthemtobewithothers

C.groupactivitiesandsportscanhelpthem

D.teachersandparentscan,tdoanythingtodealwiththementalproblems

10.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案

Johngavehismotherexpensivepresentsonhismother5sbirthdayeveryyear.

Helikedtoshowherhowrichhewas.

〃Imustfindsomethingwonderfulforher,anditmustbetheonlyoneinthe

wholeworld.zzJohnthought.

Headvertised（登廣告）inthenewspapers.〃Wanted—thebestpresentformy

mother”

Formanydayshistelephonedidnotstopringing.Peoplephonedhimfromal1

overtheworld.Theywantedtosellhim"thebestpresent”.

Thenlessthanaweekbeforehismother,sbirthday,amancametohisoffice.

Hewascarryingacage,andinthecagetherewasalargebird.

zzThisbird,“themansaid,“canspeaktenlanguagesandsinganypopsongs.

Thereisnootherbirdlikeitintheworld.〃

〃Iwilllistentoit,“Johnsaid.〃Ifwhatyousaidistrue,Iwillbuythe

birdfromyou.〃

Themanspoketothebird.,,TalktomeinEnglish,,,hesaid.Thebirdspoke

tohiminEnglish.,,TellmeajokeinJapanese,z'hesaid.Thebirdtold

himajokeinJapanese."Singafamouspopsong,“hesaid.Thebirdsanga

famouspopsong.

〃I'11buyit,“Johnsaid."Howmuchdoyouwant?”

zzOnehundredthousanddollars,“themansaid.ThiswasalotofmoneybutJohn

paidhimforit.Thenhewenttothepostofficeandsentthebirdtohismother

withabirthdaycard.Thedayafterhismother,sbirthdayhephonedher."Well,

mother,“hesaid,“Isthebirdwonderful?"7

〃0h,itwasdelicious,dear,“shesaid.

61.WhydidJohngivehermotherexpensivepresentsforherbirthdayeveryyear?

A.Becausehismotherwaspoor.

B.Becausehismotherneededthesepresents.

C.Becausehewantedtoshowhowrichhewas.

D.Becausehewastherichestmanintheworld.

62.HowdidpeopleknowJohnwantedthebestpresentintheworld?

A.TheycalledJohnup.B.Theyknewitfromthenewspapers.

C.Johnphonedthemonebyone.D.TheyknewitonTV.

63.WhendidthemancometovisitJohnwithabird?

A.TwoweeksbeforeJohn,smother,sbirthday.

B.OnJohn,smother,sbirthday.

C.LessthanaweekbeforeJohn,smother,sbirthday.

D.LessthanaweekafterJoh∏,smother,sbirthday.

64.WhydidJohnpaythemanalotofmoneyforthebird?

A.Becauseitwasafatbird.

B.Becausehewantedtohelpthepoormanwiththebird.

C.Becausethebirdcouldlookafterhismother.

D.BecauseJohnthoughtthebirdcouldmakehismotherhappy.

65.Whatdoesthesentence“Itwasdelicious,“reallymeaninthestory?

A.Hismothercookedthebirdandateit.

B.Hismotherletthebirdflyaway.

C.Hismotherbegantolearnlanguagesfromthebird.

D.Hismotherthoughtitwasthemostexpensivepresentintheworld

IL根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案

IfUSsoftwarecompaniesdon,tpaymoreattentiontoquality,theycould

kisstheirbusinessgood-bye.BothIndiaandBrazi1aredevelopingaworld-class

softwareindustry.Theirweaponisqualityandoneoftheirjobsistoattract

thetopUSqualityspecialistswhosevoicesarenotlistenedtointheircountry.

Already,oftheworld,s12softwarehousesthathaveearnedthehighest

ratingintheworld,sevenareinIndia.That,Slargelybecausetheyhaveused

newmethodologies（方法）rejectedbyAmericasoftwarespecialists.Forexample,

fordecadesqualityspecialistsW.EdwardsDemingandJ.M.JuranhadurgedUS

softwarecompaniestochangetheirattitudestoquality.Buttheirqualitycall

mainlyfellondeafearsintheUS—butnotinJapan.Bythe1970sand1980s,

Japanwasgrabbingmarketsharewithbetter,cheaperproducts.TheyusedDeming,

sandJuran,sideastobringdownthecostofgoodqualitytoaslittleas5%

oftotalproductioncosts.InUSfactories,thecostofqualitythenwas10times

ashigh:50%.Insoftware,itstillis.

WattsS.Humphreyspent27yearsatIBMheadingupsoftwareproductionand

thenqualityassurance（保證）.Buthisadvicewasseldompaidattentionto.He

retiredfromIBMin1986.In1987,heworkedoutasystemforassessing（評

價）andimprovingsoftwarequality.Ithasproveditsvaluetimeandagain.For

example,in1990thecost