話題13　科技與發(fā)明 中考英語人教版一輪復習專題突破

話題13科技與發(fā)明話題整合復習中考總復習英語話題分析：該話題主要涉及信息技術(shù)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、發(fā)明、電子產(chǎn)品、衛(wèi)星、科技文化交流和科技進步與發(fā)展等。其目的是引導學生了解現(xiàn)代科學技術(shù)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀和趨勢，激發(fā)學生對科學的興趣和積極性。話題鏈接：教材分冊單元話題標題人教版八上Unit7Life

in

the

futureWill

people

have

robots？九年級全一冊Unit5Things

made

in

ChinaWhat

are

the

shirts

made

of？九年級全一冊Unit6InventionsWhen

was

it

invented？外研版七上Module7Using

the

InternetComputers九上Module9Inventions

and

technological

advancesGreat

inventions話題情景導入A.In2003.B.Sounds

great！C.Anything

else？D.He

is

our

national

hero.E.All

of

you

must

be

very

proud.F.Do

you

know

something

about

Wang

Yaping？

Jennifer:Da

Ming，who

is

the

first

Chinese

to

travel

into

space?Da

Ming:Yang

Liwei.1.____

Jennifer:When

did

he

travel

into

space?Da

Ming:2.

And

he

traveled

around

the

earth

for21 hours.

Jennifer:Wonderful!3.____DAEDa

Ming:Of

course

we

are.

Jennifer:4.____Da

Ming:Yes，she

is

the

first

woman

to

perform

a

spacewalk.

Jennifer:She

is

an

amazing

woman. 5.____Da

Ming:She

is

also

the

first

Chinese

woman

to

teach

lessons

from

space.

Jennifer:That’s

why

people

say

she

made

history.FCA.In2003.B.Sounds

great！C.Anything

else？D.He

is

our

national

hero.E.All

of

you

must

be

very

proud.F.Do

you

know

something

about

Wang

Yaping？Part1話題基礎(chǔ)梳理Part2話題能力提升

Part1話題基礎(chǔ)梳理話題詞匯過關(guān)1.Internet(n.)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)2.keyboard(n.)鍵盤3.radio(n.)收音機4.gun(n.)槍；炮5.match(n.)火柴6.mouse(n.)鼠標7.video(n.)錄像帶偉大的發(fā)明8.TV(n.)電視9.robot(n.)機器人10.computer(n.)電腦11.camera(n.)照相機12.light(n.)燈13.car(n.)汽車14.train(n.)火車15.plane(n.)飛機16.X-ray(n.)X射線17.AI(Artificial

Intelligence)人工智能18.rocket(n.)火箭19.mobile

phone手機20.shared

bike共享單車21.space

ship宇宙飛船22.space

station太空站23.high-speed

railway高鐵1.find(v.)找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)2.discover(v.)發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺3.discovery(n.)發(fā)現(xiàn)4.invent(v.)發(fā)明5.invention(n.)發(fā)明6.create(v.)創(chuàng)造7.produce(v.)生產(chǎn)；制造8.science(n.)科學9.scientist(n.)科學家發(fā)明與創(chuàng)新10.machine(n.)機器11.technology(n.)科技；工藝12.modern(adj.)現(xiàn)代的13.develop(v.)發(fā)展；進步

14.development(n.)發(fā)展15.smart(adj.)智能的16.progress(v.)進展；進步17.come

up

with

a

new

idea想出一個新主意1.post(n.)郵政2.send(v.)發(fā)送；郵寄3.message(n.)消息；信息4.tape(n.)磁帶；錄像帶5.information(n.)信息信息交流6.letter(n.)信；字母7.postcard(n.)明信片8.e-mail(n.)電子郵件(v.)發(fā)電子郵件9.call＝telephone＝phone＝ring＝ring

up＝make

a

telephone

call打電話1.copy(v.)抄襲；復制；復印2.screen(n.)屏幕；熒光屏3.search(v.)搜索；搜查4.website(n.)網(wǎng)站5.online(adj.)在線的6.program(n.)程序7.download(v.)下載8.electronic(adj.)電子的；電子設(shè)備的網(wǎng)絡9.shopping

online網(wǎng)上購物10.short

video短視頻11.send

a

message

through

the

WeChat用微信發(fā)信息12.search

for

the

information

on

the

Internet在網(wǎng)上查找信息1.wood(n.)木頭2.bamboo(n.)竹子3.cotton(n.)棉花4.silk(n.)絲綢5.paper(n.)紙6.plastic(n.)塑料7.glass(n.)玻璃8.steel(n.)鋼材質(zhì)1.be

made

of由……制成(能看出原材料)2.be

made

from由……制成(看不出原材料)3.be

made

in

sp.產(chǎn)于某地4.be

made

by

sb.

由某人制成5.be

made

into

sth.被制成某物6.be

made

up

of由(某幾部分)組成7.have

a

great

influence

on對……有很大的影響8.be

popular

with受……歡迎相關(guān)短語9.in

one’s

opinion在某人看來10.keep

in

touch

with與……保持聯(lián)系11.make

a

difference

to對……有影響；有作用12.be

widely

known

for因……而廣為人知

13.be

seen

as

sth.

被視作某物14.be

picked

by

hand手工采摘15.by

accident偶然地16.It

is

said

that...據(jù)說……17.according

to

the

report

根據(jù)報道18.be

sent

to

sp.被送往某地19.be

sent

for

processing被送去生產(chǎn)【小題夯基】請根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成所缺單詞1.You

can

use

the

Internet

to

find

more

i

about

the

history

of

Tang

Dynasty.2.With

the

development

of5G

t

，our

daily

lives

have

become

more

and

more

convenient.3.With

the

help

of

my

teacher，I’ve

p

in

my

spoken

English.語境運用nformationechnologyrogressed4.A

lot

of

useful

i

like

the

phone

have

made

our

lives

much

better.5.The

rapid

d

of

AI

has

already

changed

our

life.6.There

are

lots

of

old

c

in

the

film

museum

that

led

to

color

movies.nventionsevelopmentameras【微語篇特訓】A.請從方框內(nèi)選擇適當?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項。ancient

invent

discover

modern

online

develop

withThe1.

of

science

and

technology

makes

our

life

more

comfortable.From2.

times

to

the

present，communication

is

becoming

more

convenient.developmentancientToday，students

can

even

take

classes3.

at

home

with

their

computers.And

the4.

of5G

allows

us

to

have

a

smoother

experience.What’s

more，the

computer

is

also

widely

used

in

professional

fields.For

example，it

can

help5.

3D

printing，which

can

scan(掃描)the

data，build

models，and

finally

create

the

realistic3D

models

of

people.Look，this

is

my

model.What

an

amazing

technology!But

remember:no

matter

how

attractive

the

Internet

is，we

should

use

it

properly.ancient

invent

discover

modern

online

develop

withonlineinventionwithB.請根據(jù)漢語意思用適當?shù)亩陶Z填空China

is1.

(因……而廣為人知)tea.Do

you

know

how

tea

was

invented?One

day，Shen

Nong

was

boiling

drinking

water

over

an

open

fire.Some

leaves

from

a

tea

plant2.

(掉進)the

water

and

remained

there

for

some

time.It

produced

a

nice

smell.So

he

tasted

it，which

was

quite

delicious.Therefore，one

of

the

world’s

favorite

drinks

was

invented3.

(偶然地).When

the

leaves

are

ready，they

are

picked4.

(手工地)and

then

are

sent

for

processing.The

tea

is

packed

and5.

(被送往)many

different

countries

and

places

around

China.widely

known

forfellintobyaccidentbyhandsentto話題句型積累1.計算機在我們的日常生活中非常重要。它們使我們的生活更方便。(play

a

role

in)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.例如，我們可以用電腦在網(wǎng)上購物。這樣，我們可以節(jié)省很多時間。(save

time)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Computers

play

an

important

role

in

our

daily

lives.They

make

our

lives

more

convenient.For

example，we

can

use

computers

to

shop

online.In

this

way，we

can

save

a

lot

of

time.3.此外，我們可以用電腦聽音樂和看電影。(use

sth.to

do

sth.

)_______________________________________________________________4.然而，電腦可能對青少年有不良影響。有些青少年花太多時間玩電腦游戲，這對他們的學習和健康都不好。(have

bad

effects

on；spend

time

doing

sth.

)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________In

addition，we

can

use

computers

to

listen

to

music

and

watch

movies.However，computers

may

have

bad

effects

on

teenagers.Some

teenagers

spend

too

much

time

playing

computer

games

and

it

is

not

good

for

their

study

and

health.5.我想如果我們用正確的方法使用電腦，我們會越來越好。(比較級＋and＋比較級)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.我的發(fā)明是一輛會飛的汽車。它快捷、方便、環(huán)保！(invention；green)_______________________________________________________________7.我的發(fā)明將幫助人們在將來過上更好的生活。(live

a

better

life)_______________________________________________________________I

think

if

we

use

computers

in

a

right

way，we

will

become

better

and

better.My

invention

is

a

flying

car.It

is

fast，convenient

and

green!My

invention

will

help

people

live

a

better

life

in

the

future.8.我可以通過我的手機下載學習資料。(download

study

materials)_______________________________________________________________9.在所有的現(xiàn)代發(fā)明中，數(shù)碼相機是我最喜歡的。(among

all

the...)_______________________________________________________________10.對我來說，使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來了解世界是很方便的。(It’s＋adj.for

sb.to

do)_______________________________________________________________I

can

download

study

materials

with

my

mobile

phone.Among

all

the

modern

inventions，the

digital

camera

is

my

favorite.It’s

very

convenient

for

me

to

learn

about

the

world

by

using

the

Internet.鞏固強化練習一、完形填空Electric

cars

may

seem

like

a

recent

invention，but

they

have

been

around

for

years.In

the

early1900s，there

were

1

electric

cars

on

the

road

than

gasoline(汽油)cars，that’s

because

at

that

time，gasoline

was

expensive

compared

with

other

fuels(燃料).1.A.fewer

B.more

C.faster

D.bigger√When

gasoline

2

dropped

and

new

technologies

on

gasoline

cars

were

developed，electric

cars

were

out

of

date.Gasoline

cars

became

more

popular

3，because

they

could

go

farther

without

stopping.2.A.prices

B.places

C.stations

D.keepers3.A.instead

B.still

C.yet

D.forever√√During

the20th

century，gasoline

cars

got

bigger

and

faster.They

needed

more

fuel，and

it

4

more

air

pollution.For

years，the

car

makers

didn’t

think

more

about

pollution.They

didn’t

5

how

much

gasoline

cars

used，either.When

people

realized

that

they

haven’t

enough

oil

on

the

earth，they

needed

more

efficient(高效能的)and

less

polluting

cars.4.A.pushed

B.controlled

C.caused

D.wasted5.A.hear

about

B.talk

about

C.dream

about

D.worry

about√√One

6

of

solving

the

problem

was

a

“hybrid”

car(混合動力車).Hybrid

cars

became

popular

in

the2000s

because

gasoline

prices

went

up

while

prices

of

hybrid

cars

went

down.6.A.method

B.person

C.article

D.style√The

7

of

an

all-electric

car

is

that

car

batteries(電池)need

to

be

recharged(再充電).That

makes

electric

cars

not

so

8

for

long

journeys.The

government

and

car

makers

are

working

together

to

9

safe，cheap

and

useful

electric

cars.When

more

and

more

people

have

these

electric

cars

in

the

future，the

gasoline

stations

may

10.7.A.cause

B.advantage

C.point

D.problem8.A.different

B.suitable

C.difficult

D.calm9.A.describe

B.develop

C.forget

D.protect10.A.discover

B.design

C.build

D.disappear√√√√二、短文填空請從方框內(nèi)選擇適當?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項。calledget

tree

call

a

so

into

they

again

food

same

different

theIt

seems

that

everyone

has

seen

plants

growing，but

have

you

ever

thought

where

their

food

is

from?In

the

seventeenth

century，a

European

scientist1.

Van

Helmot

asked

this

question.Like

most

people，he

thought

that

plants

must2.

their

food

from

soil.However，getVan

Helmot

decided

to

test

it

with

experiment.First，he

dried

some

soil，put

it

into3.

pot(陶盆)and

weighed

it.Next，he

weighed

a

small4.

，planted

it

in

the

pot

and

added

rainwater.Then，he

watered

it

regularly

with

rainwater.get

tree

call

a

so

into

they

again

food

same

different

theatreeAfter

five

years，he

removed

the

tree

from

the

pot

and

weighed

it5.

.He

found

that

the

tree

got

a

huge

amount

of

weight.When

he

weighed

the

soil，however，it

was

almost

exactly

the6.

as

it

had

been

five

years

earlier.7.

he

drew

the

conclusion(結(jié)論)that

the

tree

grew

by

drinking

water.get

tree

call

a

so

into

they

again

food

same

different

theagainsameSoWe

now

know

that

plants

and

trees

make8.

own

food.Their

leaves，when

exposed(暴露)to

the

air

and

the

sun，are

like

factories

that

can

change

the

energy

from

the

sun9.

chemical

energy.During

this

process，oxygen

and

sugar

are

produced.The

oxygen

is

released(釋放)back

into

the

air，and

the

sugar

is

used

by

the

plant

as10.

.返回get

tree

call

a

so

into

they

again

food

same

different

thetheirintofood

Part2話題能力提升話題語篇研讀AMost

students

have

their

own

mobile

phones.And

they

also

have

different

ways

to

unlock

their

mobile

phones.Let’s

take

a

look.語篇解讀：該語篇通過分享四位學生對于手機解鎖方式的看法，引起學生的共鳴，引導學生提高安全意識，注重保護個人信息。同時培養(yǎng)學生獨立思考，多角度、辯證地分析問題的能力。該語篇綜合考查學生理解并獲取關(guān)鍵信息、把握語篇主旨大意等的能力。Wang

Lining，LiaoningUnlocking

the

mobile

phone

with

fingerprints(指紋)is

my

favorite.Compared

with

numeric(數(shù)字的)passwords，it

can

help

me

unlock

my

phone

more

quickly.I

think

using

the

pattern

to

unlock

the

phone

is

not

safe.When

you’re

unlocking

your

phone，other

people

might

see

the

pattern

and

memorize

it.And

it’s

too

easy

for

thieves

to

break

the

code(密碼).Tong

Jiashu，QinghaiEveryone’s

fingerprint

is

unique(獨特的).So

my

favorite

is

the

fingerprint

unlocking.I

think

that’s

safer.Some

people

like

to

use

numbers

as

their

passwords.They

often

use

special

numbers，such

as

birthdates

and

telephone

numbers.I

think

this

is

really

unsafe.Wei

Zhuzhu，GuangdongI

think

using

fingerprints

to

unlock

the

smartphones

is

the

least

secure(可靠的)because

fingerprints

can

be

copied

by

using

some

kinds

of

technology.I

prefer

the

face

unlocking.Other

people

cannot

unlock

your

phone

unless

you

allow

them

to

do

it.Huang

Beini，HenanI

prefer

the

fingerprint

unlocking，as

no

two

fingerprints

in

the

world

are

the

same.I

think

the

least

secure

way

is

the

pattern

unlocking

because

it

is

easy

to

figure

out.In

the

future，I

guess

there

may

be

a

voice

unlocking.Everyone

has

a

unique

voice.When

you

speak，your

phone

will

know

your

voice

and

unlock

itself.1.Which

of

the

following

is

Wang

Lining’s

favorite

way

to

unlock

the

phone?細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Wang

Lining

說的“Unlocking

the

mobile

phone

with

fingerprints(指紋)is

my

favorite.”可知，指紋解鎖是他的最愛。故選D。√2.What

does

Tong

Jiashu

think

of

numeric

passwords?A.Quick.B.Convenient.C.Unsafe.D.Safe.√細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Tong

Jiashu說的“They

often

use

special

numbers，such

as

birthdates

and

telephone

numbers.I

think

this

is

really

unsafe.”可知，他認為數(shù)字密碼不安全。故選C。3.How

many

of

the

four

students

prefer

the

face

unlocking

according

to

the

passage?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.√細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，只有Wei

Zhuzhu偏愛面部解鎖。故選A。4.Why

does

Huang

Beini

think

the

voice

unlocking

is

safe?A.Because

everyone’s

voice

is

unique.B.Because

people

can’t

easily

change

their

voices.C.Because

people

don’t

worry

about

forgetting

the

passwords.D.Because

it’s

easy

to

unlock

the

phone.√細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Huang

Beini說的“In

the

future，I

guess

there

may

be

a

voice

unlocking.Everyone

has

a

unique

voice.”可知，她認為每個人的聲音都是獨特的，故選A。5.What

is

the

best

title

of

the

passage?A.Development

of

Unlocking

the

Phone

B.Advantages

of

the

Fingerprint

UnlockingC.How

to

Unlock

the

Phone

D.Different

Ideas

About

Unlocking

the

Phone√最佳標題題。通讀文章可知，文章主要介紹了四位學生對于手機解鎖方式的看法。故選D。B配對閱讀。下面是五個人的需求和七個展覽或活動的介紹，請將每個人的需求與展覽或活動進行匹配。A.This

exhibition

shows

some

out-of-this-world

objects.If

you

are

interested

in

space

exploration.You

can’t

miss

it.B.There

are

six

areas

filled

with

objects，interactive(交互式的)and

digital

experiences

that

celebrate

over200years

of

communication

and

information

technology.C.In

this

exhibition，you

will

have

a

chance

to

explore

the

future

world

with

the

science

of

today.語篇解讀：該語篇旨在培養(yǎng)學生對科學技術(shù)的興趣和愛好，引導學生關(guān)注人類發(fā)明以及科學技術(shù)，增強他們的創(chuàng)新和實踐能力。D.Explore

unbelievable

objects，including

some

never

seen

by

the

public

before.These

are

all

from

Professor

Stephen

Hawking’s

office.E.Visit

our

exhibition

to

explore

the

role

mathematics

has

played

in

building

our

world.F.Join

one

of

our

volunteer

tour

guides

to

explore

the

world’s

oldest

collections

of

clocks

and

watches.G.Medicine：The

Wellcome

Galleries

is

a

great

new

home

for

the

most

important

medical

collections

in

the

world.1.Mary

is

interested

in

science.She

always

wonders

what

the

world

will

be

like

in

the

future. (

)2.Alice’s

mom

is

a

doctor.She

believes

medicine

plays

an

important

role

in

improving

people’s

lives.So

she

wants

to

know

more

about

it. (

)3.Gina

just

finished

reading

the

book

The

Brief

History

of

Time

by

Stephen

Hawking.She

wants

to

know

more

about

this

great

man

who

changed

the

world. (

)CGD4.Tom

enjoys

using

social

media

a

lot.It

greatly

changes

the

way

we

receive

information

and

communicate

with

others. (

)5.Jim

needs

to

finish

a

project

on

space

exploration.He

just

watched

some

news

about

China’s

space

mission.He

needs

to

do

more

research. (

)BA話題讀寫結(jié)合A.回答問題Compass，paper-making

skill，gunpowder

and

typography

are

the

Four

Great

Inventions

in

ancient

China.CompassThe

idea

of

inventing

the

compass

first

came

from

the

ancient

Chinese

labor

people.They

found

the

magnet(磁鐵)could

point

to

direction

when

they

worked.The

compass

played

an

important

role

in

the

navigation(航海)after

it

was

introduced

to

Europe.Paper-makingskillCai

Lun

improved

the

paper-making

skill

in

the

Eastern

Han

Dynasty(105AD).He

made

the

vegetable

fiber

paper

with

the

covering

of

a

tree，broken

fishing

network，cloth，and

so

on.From

then

on，paper

has

become

the

main

material

that

is

generally

used

to

write.GunpowderIt

was

first

invented

by

accident

while

masters

were

trying

to

make

medicine

that

made

people

live

for

long.In

the

end

of

Tang

Dynasty，the

gunpowder

began

to

be

used

in

the

army(軍隊).TypographyBefore

printing

was

invented，people

had

to

depend

on

handwriting

to

reproduce

a

book.It

was

very

slow

and

had

many

mistakes.Wood-block

printing

first

appeared

in

the

early

Tang

Dynasty.Later

in

about

the4th

century，the

method

of

rubbing

a

piece

of

paper

on

an

engraved(被雕刻的)stone

covered

with

ink

was

used

to

make

copies.Wood-block

printing

was

not

very

convenient.To

change

this

disadvantage，Bi

Sheng

invented

the

movable

type.1.Who

first

came

up

w