實用電子商務英語（電子商務專業(yè)）全套教學課件

實用電子商務英語Unit1IntroductiontoE-businessUnit1IntroductiontoE-businessUnit2E-businessWebsiteDesignUnit3E-businessBasicsUnit4SecureElectronicTransactionsUnit5ComputingSystemSecurityMeasuresUnit6ElectronicSystemsofPaymentUnit7LogisticsinE-commerceAgeUnit8WebMarketingStrategiesUnit9AdvertisingofE-commerceUnit10CustomerRelationshipManagemen全套可編輯PPT課件LearningObjectsAfterlearningthisunit,youwillbeableto:Knowbasiccharactersandfunctionsofe-business.Knowmaincategoriesandbasictypesofe-business.Masterwordsandexpressionsrelatedtoe-business.CONTENTS目錄Lead-inReadingTranslationSkills（省略法）BusinessWriting（E-mail）CONTENTS目錄GrammarReview（情態(tài)動詞）SupplementaryReading（電子商務邁入“移動商務”時代）E-commerce-RelatedKnowledge（電子商務概述）PartⅠLead-inLead-in1.BillGatesoncesaid,“Therewillbeonlytwokindsofbusinessesexisting:eitherInternetbusiness,oroutofbusiness!”Doyouagreewiththatperspective?Whyorwhynot?2.JackMasaid,“Ifyoudon’tdoelectronicbusinessnow,fiveyearslateryouwillregret.Tenyearslater,ifyoudon’tdoe-commerce,youwilldonothingaboutbusinessatall.”Doyouagreewiththatperspective?Whyorwhynot?Lead-in3.DoyouknowsomeWebsitesofe-business?Whatarethey?Whatkindofbusinessaretheydoing?Whatdoyouthinkthem?Dotheybenefitpeopleinsomewayornot?PartⅡReadingIBMdefines1e-businessas“thetransformation2ofkeybusinessprocessesthroughtheuseofInternettechnologies.”Someofthosee-businessprocessesinclude:(1)buyingandsellingovertheInternet(e-commerce).(2)conductingcustomerserviceinrealtimeusingWeb-basedtools.(3)communicatingwithsuppliers3,employeesandcustomers.(4)onlinemarketingandadvertising.Thegreatesttransformationinbusinesspracticetodayistheemergence4oftheInternetandtheWorldWideWebinterface.Ithasbecomeapowerfulmediumforcommerceandbusinesstransactions5ofallkinds.Thetermse-businessande-commercearesometimesusedinterchangeably6,butthecommondifferenceisthate-commercereferstofinancial7transactionsovertheWebande-businessreferstoallformsoftransactionsovertheWeb.ThetransformingpowerofthisReadingmodeofbusinessextendsfarbeyondtheobviouspointsofconvenienceforthecustomerandcostsavingsforthebusiness.Themostpowerfulimplementations8

ofe-businessenableacompleterestructuring9ofbusinessmodels.Themeaningofelectroniccommercehaschangedoverthelast30years.Originally,electroniccommercemeantthefacilitation10ofcommercialtransactionselectronically,usingtechnologysuchasElectronicDataInterchange(EDI)andElectronicFundsTransfer(EFT).Thesewerebothintroducedinthelate1970s,allowingbusinessestosendcommercialdocumentslikepurchaseorders11

orinvoices12

electronically.Thegrowthandacceptanceofcreditcards,automatictellermachines(ATM)andtelephonebankinginthe1980swerealsoformsofelectroniccommerce.Fromthe1990sonwards,electroniccommercewouldadditionallyincludeenterprise13resourceplanningsystems(ERP),datamining14

anddatawarehousing15.ReadingSomepeoplefinditusefultocategorizeelectroniccommercebythetypesofentities16

participatinginthetransactionsorbusinessprocesses.Thefivegeneralelectroniccommercecategoriesarebusinesstoconsumer(orB2C),businesstobusiness(orB2B),consumertoconsumer(orC2C),consumertobusiness(orC2B),andbusinesstogovernment(orB2G).Thethreecategoriesthataremostcommonlyusedare:(1)ConsumershoppingontheWeb,oftencalledbusinesstoconsumer(orB2C).(2)TransactionsconductedbetweenbusinessesontheWeb,oftencalledbusinesstobusiness(orB2B).(3)Transactionsandbusinessprocessesinwhichcompanies,governments，andotherorganizationsuseInternettechnologiestosupportsellingandpurchasingactivities,oftencalledbusinesstogovernment(orB2G).ReadingTounderstandthesecategoriesbetter,consideracompanythatmanufacturesstereo17

speakers18.ThecompanymightsellitsfinishedproducttoconsumersontheWeb,whichwouldbeB2Celectroniccommerce.ItmightalsopurchasethematerialsitusestomakethespeakersfromothercompaniesontheWeb,whichwouldbeB2Belectroniccommerce.Businessesoftenhaveentiredepartmentsdevotedtonegotiatingpurchasetransactionswiththeirsuppliers.Thesedepartmentsareusuallynamedsupplymanagementorprocurement19.Thus,B2Belectroniccommerceissometimescallede-procurement.Inadditiontobuyingmaterialsandsellingspeakers,thecompanymustalsoundertake20

manyotheractivitiestoconvert21thepurchasedmaterialsintospeakers.Theseactivitiesmightincludehiringandmanagingthepeoplewhomakethespeakers,rentingorbuyingthefacilities22

inwhichthespeakersaremadeandstored,shippingthespeakers,maintainingaccountingrecords,Readingpurchasinginsurance,developingadvertisingcampaigns,anddesigningnewversions23ofthespeakers.AnincreasingnumberofthesetransactionsandbusinessprocessescanbedoneontheWeb.Manufacturingprocesses(suchasthefabrication24ofthespeakers)canbecontrolledusingInternettechnologieswithinthebusiness.Allofthesecommunication,control,andtransaction-relatedactivitieshavebecomeanimportantpartofelectroniccommerce.SomepeopleincludetheseactivitiesintheB2Bcategory;othersrefertothemasunderlying25orsupportingbusinessprocesses.Someresearchersdefineafourthcategoryofelectroniccommerce,calledconsumertoconsumer(orC2C),whichincludesindividualswhobuyandsellitemsamongthemselves.Forexample,C2CelectroniccommerceoccurswhenapersonsellsanitemthroughaWebauction26sitetoanotherperson.InthisbookC2CReadingsalesareincludedintheB2Ccategorybecausethepersonsellingtheitemactsmuchasabusinesswouldforpurposesofthetransaction.Finally,someresearchersalsodefineacategoryofelectroniccommercecalledbusinesstogovernment(orB2G);thiscategoryincludesbusinesstransactionswithgovernmentagencies,suchaspayingtaxesandfillingrequiredreports.Inthisbook,B2GtransactionsareincludedinourdiscussionsofB2Belectroniccommerce.ReadingReadingVocabulary1define /d?'fa?n v.給（詞語等）下定義，闡明，解釋2transformation /?tr?nsf??me??n n.轉(zhuǎn)變，改革3supplier /s??pla??(r)/ n.供應者；供貨商；供貨方4emergence /?'m??d??ns n. 出來，出現(xiàn)5transaction /tr?n?z?k?n n. 業(yè)務，交易6interchangeably /??nt??t?e?nd??bl? adv. 可交換地，可互換地7financial /fa??n?n?l adj. 財政的，金融的，財政的8implementation /??mpl?men'te??n n. 履行，實施9restructure /?ri?'str?kt??(r)/ v. 重建，改建，重新安排10facilitation /f??s?l?'te??n n. 履行，實施11purchaseorder /?p??t??s???d? 訂單12invoice /'?nv??s n. 發(fā)票，發(fā)貨單13enterprise /'ent?pra?z n. 公司；事業(yè)單位，企業(yè)單位ReadingVocabulary14datamining /?deit??ma?n?? 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘15datawarehousing /?deit??we?ha?z?? 數(shù)據(jù)倉儲16entity /?ent?ti n. 獨立存在物；實體17stereo /?steri?? adj. 立體聲的18speaker /?spi?k?(r)/ n. 揚聲器；喇叭19procurement /pr??kj??m?nt n. 采購，購買20undertake /??nd??te?k v. 承擔；從事；負責21convert /k?n?v??t v. （使）轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)化22facility /f??s?l?ti n. 設(shè)備，事業(yè)23version /?v???n n. 變化形式；變體；版本24fabrication /?f?br?'ke??n n. 組裝25underlying /??nd??la??? adj. 根本的；潛在的；隱含的26auction /???k?n n. 拍賣ReadingTechnicalWordsandAbbreviations1IBM:InternationalBusinessMachines 國際商用機器公司2e-business:electronicbusiness 電子商務3e-commerce:electroniccommerce 電子貿(mào)易4WorldWideWeb 萬維網(wǎng)5EDI:electronicdatainterchange 電子數(shù)據(jù)交換6EFT:electronicfundstransfer 電子資金轉(zhuǎn)賬7ATM:automatictellermachine 自動柜員機8ERP:enterpriseresourceplanningsystems 企業(yè)資源計劃9B2C:businesstoconsumer 企業(yè)對消費者的電子商務模式10B2B:businesstobusiness 企業(yè)對企業(yè)的電子商務模式11C2C:consumertoconsumer 消費者對消費者的電子商務模式12C2B:consumertobusiness 消費者對企業(yè)的電子商務模式13B2G:businesstogovernment 企業(yè)對政府的電子商務模式ReadingNotestothePassage1ThecompanymightsellitsfinishedproducttoconsumersontheWeb,whichwouldbeB2Celectroniccommerce.【譯文】這家公司可以在Web上向消費者銷售它的產(chǎn)品，即企業(yè)與消費者間電子商務。【句子解析】which引導的為非限定性定語從句，用于對主句進行補充說明。

finishedproduct的意思是“到成品”，finished是過去分詞；finishingproduct的意思是“在制成”，finishing是現(xiàn)在分詞。2EDI：英文ElectronicDataInterchange的縮寫，中文可譯為“電子數(shù)據(jù)交換”，港、澳及海外華人地區(qū)稱其為“電子資料通”。它是一種在公司之間傳輸訂單、發(fā)票等文件的電子化手段。它通過計算機通信網(wǎng)絡，將貿(mào)易、運輸、保險、銀行和海關(guān)等行業(yè)信息用一種國際公認的標準格式，實現(xiàn)各有關(guān)部門或公司等企業(yè)之間的數(shù)據(jù)交換處理。它是20世紀80年代發(fā)展起來的一種新穎的電子化貿(mào)易工具，是計算機、通信和現(xiàn)代化管理技術(shù)相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。ReadingNotestothePassage3ERP：企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃。它是一個集成的信號系統(tǒng)，通常由財務、生產(chǎn)、人力資源、采購等功能模塊組成。ERP將企業(yè)內(nèi)部的所有資源整合在一起，對采購、生產(chǎn)、成本、庫存、分銷、運輸、財務、人力資源進行規(guī)劃，從而實現(xiàn)資源優(yōu)化配置，達到企業(yè)的最佳效益。4Manufacturingprocesses(suchasthefabricationofthespeakers)canbecontrolledusingInternettechnologieswithinthebusiness.【譯文】制造過程（如揚聲器的制造）可以在企業(yè)內(nèi)部使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)進行控制?！揪渥咏馕觥俊皍singInternettechnologieswithinthebusiness”為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。ReadingExercises1.HowdoesIBMdefinee-commerce?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.WhenwereEDIandEFTintroduced?______________________________________________________________________________________________3.Whatarethethreecategoriesofe-commercethataremostcommonlyused?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ⅠAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.IBMdefinese-businessas“thetransformation”ofkeybusinessprocessthroughtheuseofInternettechnologies.

Theywerebothintroducedinthelate1970s.(1)ConsumershoppingontheWeb,oftencalledbusinesstoconsumer(orB2C).(2)Transactionsconductedbetweenbusinessontheweb,oftencalledbusinesstobusiness(orB2B).(3)Transactionsandbusinessprocessesinwhichcompanies,governments,andotherorganizationsuseInternettechnologiestosupportsellingandpurchasingactivities,oftencalledbusinesstogovernment(orB2G).ReadingExercises4.WhatisB2C?______________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whatisthedifferencebetweene-commerceande-business?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ⅠAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.

ConsumershoppingontheWebisoftencalledB2C.E-commerceprovidesaneffectivetoolforbuilding,managing,andenhancingtherelationshipwithitsbusinesspartners,andtherelationshipwithitsemployees.Whilee-businessusestheinformation,technologyandelectroniccommunicationnetworkstoexchangebusinessinformationandconducttransactionsinanelectronic,paperlessform.ReadingExercisesⅡTranslatethefollowingwordsandphrasesintoChinese.1.onlinemarketingandadvertising ___________________________2.e-procurement ___________________________3.financialtransaction ___________________________4.finishedproduct ___________________________5.businessmodel ___________________________6.manufacturingprocess ___________________________7.Internettechnology ___________________________8.transaction-related ___________________________9.datamining ___________________________10.automatictellermachine ___________________________網(wǎng)絡營銷與廣告電子采購，網(wǎng)上采購財務事項；金融交易制成品商業(yè)模式，經(jīng)營模式制造過程；制造工藝因特網(wǎng)技術(shù)；網(wǎng)絡技術(shù)關(guān)聯(lián)交易數(shù)據(jù)挖掘自動出納機；自動取款機ReadingExercisesⅢTranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish.1．企業(yè)對消費者的電子商務模式 ______________________________________________2．企業(yè)對政府的電子商務模式 ______________________________________________3．廣告戰(zhàn)略 ______________________________________________4．電子數(shù)據(jù)交換 ______________________________________________5．企業(yè)資源計劃 ______________________________________________6．萬維網(wǎng)接口 ______________________________________________7．電子商務程序 ______________________________________________8．客戶服務 ______________________________________________9．消費者對消費者的電子商務模式 ______________________________________________10．數(shù)據(jù)倉庫 ______________________________________________businesstoconsumere-commercebusinesstogovernmente-commerceadvertisementstrategyelectronicdatainterchangebusinessresourceplanningWWWinterfacee-commerceapplicationcustomerserviceconsumertoconsumere-commercedatewarehouseReadingExercisesⅣFillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformifnecessary.online Internet interface Web realtimewarehouse marketing transaction transform service1.Ifyouneedtolookupstatistics,youcouldtrysurfingthe___________.Youneverknowwhatyoumightfind.2.Working_________issometimesslowerthanwhenthecomputerisnotconnectedtothenetwork.3.Thenewversionoftheprogramcomeswithamuchbetteruser___________thantheoriginal.4.__________programsareusedbyairtrafficcontrollerstodirectaircraft.5.Youcancontactthepublisherofthisbookthroughtheirhomepageonthe_____________.internetonlineinterfaceWebwarehouseReadingExercisesⅣFillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformifnecessary.online Internet interface Web realtimewarehouse marketing transaction transform service6.Agoodknowledgeof_____________willhelptomakeagoodsalesplan.7.ManybigretailerssuchasPricesmartandWal-Martwouldchoosesuburbanareastobuildtheir_____________.8.ThepaperpublishesadailylistofStockExchange____________.9.The_________inthatrestaurantisextremelyslow.10.Hischaracterseemstohaveundergoneacomplete___________sincehismarriage.

marketingtransformrealtimeservicetransformReadingExercises1.Ithasbecomeapowerfulmediumforcommerceandbusinesstransactionsofallkinds._______________________________________________________________________________________________2.Themeaningofelectroniccommercehaschangedoverthelast30years._______________________________________________________________________________________________3.Somepeoplefinditusefultocategorizeelectroniccommercebythetypesofentitiesparticipatinginthetransactionsorbusinessprocesses._______________________________________________________________________________________________ⅤTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.它已成為各種商業(yè)和商業(yè)貿(mào)易的有力媒介。過去30年來，電子商務的意義發(fā)生了變化。有些人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，按參與交易或業(yè)務流程的實體類型對電子商務進行分類很有用。ReadingExercises4.ThecompanymightsellitsfinishedproducttoconsumersontheWeb,whichwouldbeB2Celectroniccommerce._______________________________________________________________________________________________5.Someresearchersdefineafourthcategoryofelectroniccommerce,calledconsumertoconsumer(orC2C),whichincludesindividualswhobuyandsellitemsamongthemselves.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ⅤTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.該公司可能會在網(wǎng)上向消費者出售其成品，這個就是B2C電子商務。一些研究人員定義了第四類電子商務，即消費者對消費者消費模式，其中包括購買和出售商品的個人。PartⅢTranslationSkills

（省略法）TranslationSkills（省略法）省略法是指在翻譯時，原文有些詞在譯文中可以省略，不必翻譯出來。通常，譯文不翻譯某詞但是已經(jīng)具有了原文這個詞所表達的意思時，或者這個詞在譯文中的意義是不言而喻的時，可使用省略法。省略的目的在于使譯文更加通順流暢，更符合譯文習慣。但需要注意的是，省略并不是把原文的某些思想內(nèi)容刪去，省略不能改變原文的意義。TranslationSkills（省略法）一、從語法角度來看→（一）省略代詞1．省略作主語的人稱代詞根據(jù)漢語習慣，前句出現(xiàn)一個主語，后句如仍為同一主語，就不必重復出現(xiàn)。英語中通常每句都有主語，因此人稱代詞作主語往往多次出現(xiàn)，這種人稱代詞漢譯時常?？梢允÷?。【例1】Ihadmanywonderfulideas,butIonlyputafewintopractice.我有很多絕妙的想法，但是只把少數(shù)付諸實踐了?！纠?】Hewasthinandhaggardandhelookedmiserable.他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可憐相。（1）省略作主語的人稱代詞TranslationSkills（省略法）一、從語法角度來看→（一）省略代詞1．省略作主語的人稱代詞英語中，泛指人稱代詞作主語時，即使是作第一個主語，在漢語譯文中往往也可以省略?！纠?】Weliveandlearn.活到老，學到老。【例2】Thesignificanceofamanisnotinwhatheattainedbutratherinwhathelongstoattain.人生的意義不在于已經(jīng)獲取的，而在于渴望得到什么樣的東西。（2）省略泛指人稱代詞TranslationSkills（省略法）一、從語法角度來看→（一）省略代詞2．省略作賓語的代詞英語中有些作賓語的代詞，不管前面是否提到過，翻譯時往往可以省略。【例1】Themorehetriedtohidehismistakes,themoreherevealedthem.他越是想要掩蓋他的錯誤，就越是容易暴露?！纠?】Pleasetakeofftheoldpictureandthrowitaway.請把那張舊畫取下來扔掉。TranslationSkills（省略法）一、從語法角度來看→（一）省略代詞3．省略物主代詞英語句子中物主代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率相當高。一個句子中往往會有好幾個物主代詞，如果將每個物主代詞都翻譯出來，那么漢語譯文就顯得非常啰唆。所以在沒有其他人稱物主代詞出現(xiàn)的情況下，在翻譯時物主代詞大多被省略?！纠?】Iputmyhandintomypocket.我把手放進口袋?！纠?】Shelistenedtomewithherroundedeyes.她睜大雙眼，聽我說話。TranslationSkills（省略法）一、從語法角度來看→（二）省略代詞itIt起著代詞的作用，當它為非人稱代詞或沒有意義時，譯文中往往可以省略?！纠?】Ittookmealongtimetoreachthehospital.我花了很長時間才到達醫(yī)院?！纠?】Itisthepeoplewhoarereallypowerful.人民才是最強大的。TranslationSkills（省略法）一、從語法角度來看→（三）省略連接詞漢語詞語之間連接詞用得不多，其上下邏輯關(guān)系常常是暗含的，往往由詞語的次序來表示。英語則不然，連接詞用得比較多。因此，英譯漢時在很多情況下可不必把連接詞譯出來?！纠?】Helookedgloomyandtroubled.他看上去有些憂愁不安。（省略并列連接詞）【例2】Asitislate,youhadbettergohome.時間不早了，你最好回家去吧。（省略表示原因的連接詞）【例3】Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？（省略表示條件的連接詞）【例4】Johnrosegloomilyasthetrainstopped,forhewasthinkingofhisailingmother.火車停了，約翰郁郁地站了起來，因為他想起了病中的母親。（省略表示時間的連接詞）TranslationSkills（省略法）一、從語法角度來看→（四）省略冠詞英語有冠詞，漢語沒有冠詞。因此，英譯漢時往往可將冠詞省略。【例1】AnyhomeappliancemustbehandledwithcarewhetheritisaTVset,aVCRoramicrowaveoven.家電都需要輕拿輕放，不論是電視機、錄音機，還是微波爐。（省略不定冠詞a）

【例2】Itisoutofthequestiontoflytothemooninthepast.在過去，飛往月球是絕對辦不到的事情。（省略定冠詞the）TranslationSkills（省略法）一、從語法角度來看→（五）省略介詞1．省略表示時間的前置詞【例】ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.1949年中華人民共和國成立?！颈容^】中華人民共和國成立于1949年。（介詞譯成漢語在句首時可以省略，在句尾則不省略）2．省略表示地點的前置詞【例1】Smokingisprohibitedinpublicplaces.公共場所禁止吸煙?！纠?】Inwinter,itismuchcolderintheNorththanitisintheSouth.冬天，北方的天氣比南方冷得多。TranslationSkills（省略法）一、從語法角度來看→（六）省略動詞英語句子中一般必須有謂語動詞。而漢語的謂語并不一定由動詞充當，形容詞和名詞等同樣可以作謂語。英譯漢時可根據(jù)漢語的習慣適當省略原文中的某些動詞。這類動詞主要有兩類：一些連系動詞和一些與具有動作含義的名詞等搭配使用的動詞?！纠?】Whenthepressuregetslow,theboiling-pointbecomeslow.氣壓低，沸點就低?！纠?】Deliverymustbeeffectedwithinthetimestatedonthepurchaseorder.必須在購貨單規(guī)定的時間交貨?！纠?】Thoughthehistoryofthisuniversityisquiteold,itsbuildingsarequiteup-to-date.這所大學盡管歷史悠久，可建筑物樣式新穎。TranslationSkills（省略法）二、從修辭角度看→（一）省略具有相同意義的詞英語句子中有些短語重復出現(xiàn)，或者具有相同意義的詞重復出現(xiàn)，英譯漢時可根據(jù)情況作適當省略?！纠?】Universityapplicantswhohadworkedatajobwouldreceivepreferenceoverthosewhohadnot.報考大學的人，有工作經(jīng)驗的優(yōu)先錄取。如果不作省略，譯成“報考大學的人，有工作經(jīng)驗的比沒有工作經(jīng)驗的優(yōu)先錄取”會顯得累贅?！纠?】Neitherpartyshallcancelthecontractwithoutsufficientcauseorreason.雙方均不得無故解除合同。如果譯成“雙方均不得在沒有原因和理由的情況下解除合同”會顯得不夠精練。TranslationSkills（省略法）二、從修辭角度看→（二）省略可有可無的詞根據(jù)漢語習慣，譯文中可以省略一些可有可無的詞?！纠?】Therewasnosnow,theleavesweregonefromthetrees,thegrasswasdead.沒有下雪，但葉落草枯。此句若譯成“……樹葉從樹上落下來，草也枯萎了”會顯得累贅?！纠?】Therewasstillthefaiththatordinarymenaregreaterthanthepowersofnatureorthemechanismsofman’shandsandwillmasterthemallintheend.“普通的人要比自然的力量或人類造出來的機器更偉大，而且最終會控制它們”這種信念仍然存在。這里，“Themechanismsofman’shands”不必譯為“人類的手造出來的機器”。TranslationSkills（省略法）PracticalTask1．中國足球的落后狀態(tài)必須改變。_________________________________________________________________________2．做工作、做家務、與朋友往來占去了我的全部時間。_________________________________________________________________________3．有志者，事竟成。_________________________________________________________________________4．早知如此，我就不參加了。_________________________________________________________________________5．外面一團漆黑，大雨傾盆。_________________________________________________________________________ⅠTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.ThebackwardnessoftheChinesefootballmustbechanged.Doingwork,doinghouseworkandcontactingwithfriendstookupallmytime.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.IfIhadknownit,Iwouldnothaveparticipated.Itwasdarkoutside,andtherainwaspouring.TranslationSkills（省略法）PracticalTask1.HewhohasneverreachedtheGreatWallisnotatrueman._________________________________________________________________________2.Ateachershouldhavepatienceinhiswork._________________________________________________________________________3.Becausethepriceofgasolinewasfantasticallyhigh,weseldomusedourcar._________________________________________________________________________4.Thereislittledifferencebetweenthetownandthecountryinthisregion._________________________________________________________________________5.Heateanddrank,forhewasexhausted._________________________________________________________________________ⅡTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.不到長城非好漢。教師在工作中應該有耐心。由于汽油價格過高，我們很少用汽車。這個地區(qū)的城鄉(xiāng)差別不大。他吃了點東西，喝了點酒，因為他疲憊不堪了。PartⅣBusinessWriting

（E-mail）PartⅣBusinessWriting（E-mail）郵件正文的段落最好控制在兩三段之內(nèi)。如果一封電子郵件涉及多個信息點，可以采用分條目的方法，利用符號、小標題、編號等使得郵件內(nèi)容層次清晰。3．正文如果是第一次給對方寫信，那么稱謂最好用“Dear＋全名”；如果對方以非正式口吻來信，則可以用非正式的稱謂回復。遇到不知道對方姓名的情況，可以用“Dear＋對方頭銜”。2．稱謂英文郵件的主題一般不超過35個字母，位于句首的單詞和專有名詞首字母大寫。1．主題結(jié)語在正文之后添加。4．結(jié)語署名在正文最后。5．署名PartⅣBusinessWriting（E-mail）UsefulExpressions（1）Attacheddocumentisthereport.

我把報告放在了附件中。（2）I’veforwardedyoure-mailtoAlice.

我已經(jīng)將你的郵件轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給愛麗絲了。（3）stay/keepintouch

保持聯(lián)系（4）Pleaseletmeknowyourdecisionassoonaspossible.

請盡快告訴我你的決定。（5）Iamhappytoreceiveyoure-mail.

收到你的郵件，我很高興。PartⅣBusinessWriting（E-mail）SampleWritingMailto:******@******.**.**Subject:RequestforCatalogueDearSir/Madam,Iaminterestedinpurchasingyourlatestmailordercatalog.Wouldyouliketotellmethecost,includingpostagetoBeijing.Ihopetohearfromyousoon.Thankyou.Sincerelyyours,guohong@ZhidaCo.,Ltd.17,FuchengmenBeidajie,BeijingFax:86-10-68316510PartⅣBusinessWriting（E-mail）WritingPracticeWriteane-mailaccordingtotheChineseinformationgivenbelow.假設(shè)你是李雷，現(xiàn)在要給你的好友Tom寫一封郵件，告訴他你的日常生活，并介紹你的大學環(huán)境，以及你所學的專業(yè)。PartⅤGrammarReview

（情態(tài)動詞）PartⅤGrammarReview（情態(tài)動詞）

情態(tài)動詞表示可能、懷疑、必要、允諾、愿望、義務、猜測等。情態(tài)動詞本身不能單獨用作謂語動詞，只能和不帶to的動詞不定式（ought除外）一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞。英語的情態(tài)動詞有can,could,may,might,must,ought(to),shall,should,will,would,need,dare等。PartⅤGrammarReview（情態(tài)動詞）一、can,could表示能力或客觀的可能性；用在疑問句中表示請求；用在否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中表示懷疑、猜測或驚奇。【例1】Youcanswim,can’tyou?你會游泳，是嗎？【例2】Bythetimeshewaseight,shecouldreadGreekandLatin.

她8歲就能讀希臘語和拉丁文了?！纠?】Iamconfidentthatasolutioncanbefound.

我堅信能找到解決的辦法?！纠?】Couldyouhelpmewiththeseboxes?你能幫我提一下這些箱子嗎？【例5】Youcan’tbeserious!你不會當真了吧！PartⅤGrammarReview（情態(tài)動詞）二、may,might既可表示可能，也可表示“被允許”。當表示“被允許”時，用“MightI...?”比“MayI...?”更為客氣?！纠?】Imaybelate,sodon’twaitforme.我可能會遲到，所以不用等我?！纠?】MayIcomeinandwait?我能進來等嗎？【例3】MightIaskhowoldyouare?我能問一下您的年齡嗎？PartⅤGrammarReview（情態(tài)動詞）三、must表示“必要、猜測”。mustnot表示“禁止、不該”。表示“不必要”時用neednot；表示“不可能”時用can’t?！纠?】It’sgettinglate.Ireallymustgo.天不早了，我真該走了?！纠?】Youmustn’ttalktoyourmotherlikethat.你不該對你母親那樣講話。【例3】Youneedn’tfinishthatworktoday.你不必今天完成那項工作?！纠?】Janecan’tbebackintheUnitedStates,forIsawherattheschoolgatejustamomentago.簡不可能回美國了，因為我剛才還在校門口見到了她。PartⅤGrammarReview（情態(tài)動詞）四、shall,shouldshall既可表示征求意見（用于第一人稱）、命令、警告，也可表示“應該、推測、可能”，或表示說話人的驚奇、失望、憤怒等感情。should后接動詞的完成式，肯定句表示某事應完成而實際上沒有完成，否定句表示發(fā)生了不應發(fā)生的事?！纠?】I’veneverlikedherandInevershall.我從來沒喜歡過她，而且永遠都不會喜歡她。【例2】Whatshallwedothisweekend?這個周末我們干什么？【例3】Itshouldbeanicedaytomorrow.明天應該是一個好天氣?！纠?】Iamsorrythatsheshouldbesocareless.她竟然這么粗心，真令我感到遺憾?！纠?】Theyshouldhavecalledthepolice.他們本應該給警察打電話的?！纠?】Itwasaneasytestandheshouldhavepassed,buthedidn’t.這次測試很容易，他本應該通過的，可他卻沒有。PartⅤGrammarReview（情態(tài)動詞）五、will,would可用來表示“意愿、決心、請求”，表示習慣的行為或狀況，或用來表示說話人的推測。would也可用來表示“意愿、決心、請求”，或表示過去的習慣行為?！纠?】I’llcheckthisletterforyou,ifyouwant.如果你需要的話，我愿意為你核查這封信?！纠?】Willyousendthisletterforme?替我寄一下這封信，好嗎？【例3】Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,wewouldoftenhavecoffeetogether.我們在同一個辦公室工作時，常在一起喝咖啡?！纠?】Wouldyoushutthewindow,please?請你關(guān)上窗好嗎？PartⅤGrammarReview（情態(tài)動詞）六、need用于疑問、否定和條件句，也可用作實義動詞，表示“需要”。【例】Youneedn’t/don’tneedtodotheexerciseifyoufindittooeasy.如果你覺得這個練習太容易，就不必做。PartⅤGrammarReview（情態(tài)動詞）七、dare多用于疑問、否定和條件句，也可用作實義動詞，表示“敢于”。【例】Hedarenot/doesn’tdare(to)walkaloneatnight.他夜里不敢一個人行走?！咀⒁狻竣俦硎驹S可時：may最正式，語氣更委婉；might比may更客氣；can為非正式用法；could比can更客氣。②表示推測、猜測時：must用于肯定句，可能性最大；can用于否定句或疑問句，過去時用could；may用于肯定句，表示理論上的可能；might用于肯定句，可能性最小。PartⅤGrammarReview（情態(tài)動詞）PracticalTask1.I_______seemycousinoverthere,butI_______notseeifheisalone.2.______________________Ihelpyou?3.Theyaskedhimifhe________________goabroad.4.She________________speakSpanishwhenshewassix.5.Thelightison.He________________beintheoffice.6.You________________beoutinthefreshair.7.—MustIcomeovertonight?—No,you________________.couldFillintheblankswithpropermodalverbs.mightCan/May/Couldneedcouldmustshouldneedn’tPartⅤGrammarReview（情態(tài)動詞）PracticalTask8.It________________haverained,forthegroundisdry.9.People________________ill-treatanimals.10.She________________notgothroughthewoodsalone.11.You________________makesomuchnois