初中英語句子成分講解-練習(xí)及答案

句子成分及基本句型考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）、表語、定語和狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。（一）主語：主語是謂語講述的對(duì)象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。如：（1）Lucyisabeautifulnurse.（名詞作主語）（2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.（代詞作主語）（3）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞作主語）（4）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.（不定式作主語）（5）Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.（主語從句作主語）（二）謂語說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須是動(dòng)詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面。如：Hisparentsareteachers.（系動(dòng)詞和表語一起作謂語）Westudyhard.（行為動(dòng)詞作謂語）Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.（助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）HecanspeakEnglish.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）（三）賓語賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)任，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什么。一般放在謂語之后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.（名詞作賓語）Shesays（that）sheisill.（賓語從句作動(dòng)詞賓語）Weoftenhelphim.（代詞作賓語）Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作賓語）Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我們喜歡聽音樂。（動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語）說明1：賓語是及物動(dòng)詞涉及到的人或物，賓語一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。介詞后面的名詞或代詞或動(dòng)名詞，稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。另外，動(dòng)詞不定式可作動(dòng)詞賓語；動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句也可用作動(dòng)詞賓語。說明2：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，后面要跟賓語。賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，直接賓語指物，間接賓語通常是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所及的人，間接賓語指人。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前。不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用雙賓語。有的動(dòng)詞可以跟。如：give,show（給……看），bring,pass,buy等。如：（1）Ourteachertellsusastory.（2）Thesungivesuslight.間接賓語如果放在直接賓語之后，在表示“人”的間接賓語之前會(huì)出現(xiàn)介詞“to”或“for”。間接賓語前加“to”的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise（答應(yīng)）,refuse（拒絕）等。間接賓語加“for”的有：make,buy,do,get,play,order（命令）,sing,pay等（1）Igivehimabook.改成：（2）Hepassesmethebook.（他將書遞給我。）改成：（3）Hewritesmealetter.改成：（4）Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成：（5）Sheismakingmeacake.改成：（四）賓語補(bǔ)足語在賓語后面補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分，稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。如：Theymakeherhappy.（形容詞）Iseeherdance.（不定式）We’llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.（名詞）Pleaselethimin.（副詞）Weheardhersingingasong.（分詞短語）（五）表語表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞或短語來擔(dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。如：Iamateacher.（名詞）Heisalwayshappy.（形容詞）Theyareontheplaygroundnow.（介詞短語）Itgetscold.（形容詞）Be動(dòng)詞（am，is，are,was,were）系動(dòng)詞表保持（keep,stay,remain）表改變（get，become，turn）感官動(dòng)詞（feel，sound（聽起來），seem/look（看起來），taste（嘗起來），smell（聞起來））如：Itsoundsinteresting.（sound為系動(dòng)詞，interesting為表語）Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain（為系動(dòng)詞，careful為表語）（六）定語定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等。單個(gè)詞作定語時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如：Theblackbikeismine.（形容詞）What’syourname?（代詞）Theymakepaperflowers.（名詞）說明1：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞：nothing,anything,everything,something等時(shí)，定語在不定代詞后面。如：Itellhimsomethinginteresting.（形容詞interesting作不定代詞something的后置定語）Hehassomethingtodo.（todo為不定式作后置定語）說明2：短語或從句作定語時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：TheboysintheroomareinClassFour.（intheroom是介詞短語作theboys的后置定語。）（七）狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：Hediditcarefully.（副詞）Weoftenhelphim.（副詞）HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.（介詞短語）WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語）Hesitsthere.（副詞地點(diǎn)狀語）【簡單句的五種基本句型】A.主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(主謂)如：Thesunrises.太陽升起來。Thecarstopped.小汽車停下來了。rise和stop都是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此后邊不必加賓語。B.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(主謂賓)如：Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.C.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(主系表)如：Herbrotherisadriver.Wefeelhappy.（feel為系動(dòng)詞，表示感到……）Itgetsdark.天黑了。（get為系動(dòng)詞，表示變得）Tomlooksill.Tom看上去病了。（look為系動(dòng)詞，表示看上去，看起來）D.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）(主謂+直賓+間賓)如：HegivesTomapresent.（雙賓語）他給湯姆一件禮物。Mothermakeanewdressforme.（雙賓語）媽媽為我做了一件衣服。E.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))如：TheycallherMary.（賓補(bǔ)）他們叫她Mary。Wemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.（賓補(bǔ)）我們使我們的教室干凈而整齊。Healwaysmakesuslaugh.（賓補(bǔ)）他總使我們笑。典型例題寫出劃線部分的句子成分。1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.9.Theyareintheclassroom.10.Itsoundsgood.11.HisnameisPaul.12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.課后練習(xí)(一)挑出下列句中的賓語①?Mybrother?doesn't?do?hishomework.

ABCD

②?People?all?over?theworld?speak?English.

ABCD

③Youmustpay?good?attention?to?your?pronunciation.

ABCD④Howmanynew?words?do?you?learn??

ABCD

⑤Someofthe?students?intheschoolwant?togoswimming,?how?about?you?

ABCD(二)挑出下列句中的表語①?Theoldman?is?feeling?very?tired.

ABCD

②Whyis?he?worried?about?Jim?

ABCD

③?The?leaves?have?turned?yellow.

ABCD

④Soon?They?all?becomeinterested?inthesubject.

ABCD

⑤She?is?thefirst?tolearn?aboutit.

ABCD(三)挑出下列句中的定語①?They?use?Mr.Mrs.withthe?family?name.

ABCD②?What?is?your?given?name?

ABCD③Onthe?third?lap?are?Class1andClass3.

ABCD

④Iam?afraid?some?people?forgot?tosweep?thefloor.

ABCD

⑤?Theman?downstairs?was?trying?tosleep.

ABCD（四)挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語①She?likes?thechildren?toreadnewspapersandbooks?inthe?reading-room.（四)挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語 ②He?asks?her?totaketheboy?outofschool.

ABCD③She?find?it?difficult?todothework.

ABCD④They?call?me?Lily?sometimes.

ABCD

⑤?I?saw?Mr.Wang?getonthebus.

ABCD(五)挑出下列句中的狀語①?There?is?abigsmile?onherface.

ABCD

②?Everynight?he?heard?thenoise?upstairs.

ABCD

③He?began?tolearn?English?whenhewaseleven.

ABCD

④?Theman?onthemotorbike?istravelling?tofast.

ABCD⑤?Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,?Miss?Li?hurriedoff.

ABCD

(六)劃出句中的直接賓語()和間接賓語（）①Pleasetellusastory.

②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.

③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.

④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.

⑤Doesheleaveanymessageforme?(七)分析下列句子的句子成分1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.2.Seeingisbelieving.3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch.4.Shebecameadoctorin1998.5.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine.6.Suddenlyitbegantorain.7.Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday.8.Ialwaysfindherhappy.9.HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish.10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine.11.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.12.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.13.Theyloveeachother.14.Whatdidyoubuy?15.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.16.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.17.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.18.BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.19.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage.20.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.劃分句子成分練習(xí)二1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.---Iloveyoumorethanher，child．8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．劃分句子成分練習(xí)題(2)(一)指出下例句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二)選出句中謂語的中心詞①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的賓語①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.ABCD②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCD③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCD④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?ABCD⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABCD⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.ABCD⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.ABCD⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.ABCD⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.ABCD⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.ABCD(四)挑出下列句中的表語①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCD②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCD③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCD④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.ABCD⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD(五)挑出下例句中的定語①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.ABCD②Whatisyourgivenname?ABCD③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.ABCD④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCD⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCD⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!ABCD(六)挑出下例句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.ABCD②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABCD③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.ABCD④TheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCD⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCD⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?ABCD(七)挑出下例句中的狀語①Therewasabigsmileonherface.ABCD②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.ABCD③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.ABCD④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.ABCD⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.ABCD⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.ABCD⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.ABCD⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.ABCD(八)劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?劃分句子成分練習(xí)題（2）參考答案(一)①teacher②man③dictionary④Todo(二)①B②A③C④A⑤C⑥C⑦D⑧C⑨A⑩A(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B⑥D(zhuǎn)⑦C⑧D⑨A⑩D(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B⑥D(zhuǎn)(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D⑥B(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A⑥D(zhuǎn)⑦C⑧D(八)①us,間接賓語astory,直接賓語②me,間接賓語anewbike,直接賓語③us,間接賓語history,直接賓語④Tom,間接賓語it,直接賓語⑤me,間接賓語message,直接賓語典型例題答案一.寫出劃線部分的句子成分。1.主，謂，賓，狀 2.定，狀3.表 4.謂，賓，狀5.定，定 6.謂，狀7.謂，賓，狀 8.謂，狀9.表 10.表11.定，表 12.狀，狀課后練習(xí)(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B

(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A(八)①us,間接賓語astory,直接賓語

②me,間接賓語anewbike,直接賓語③us,間接賓語history,直接賓語

④Tom,間接賓語it,直接賓語⑤me,間接賓語message,直接賓語1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.主語系表結(jié)構(gòu)做謂語地點(diǎn)狀語