文學(xué)《殺死一只知更鳥》的藝術(shù)特色及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義英文版

ForewordHarperLee,afamousAmericanfemalewriterinthe1950s,completedheronlynovel,"ToKillaRobin",in1959andpublisheditin1960.ThenoveltakestheGreatDepressionoftheUnitedStatesasthetimebackground,takestheprotagonistSkout'schildhoodexperienceasthebreakthrough,andrevealsthecomplexhumannatureandsocialdecayinthissmalltownintheAmericanSouth.Literaryworkscanreflectthestyleofthesocialera,andthesocialandculturallifealsoreactstotheliteratureitself.Theauthoradvocatestheuseoffairnessnormsandpunishingevilandpromotinggoodmorality.Theartisticcharmofthenovelliesintheuniqueandprofoundnarrativeperspective,textcontentandunfamiliarwritingeffectofthenovel."KillaMockingbird"hastheuniquenessofart,expoundsandanalyzesitsartisticcharacteristicsanditspracticalsignificancebehindit,andplaysanimportantroleinanalyzingandunderstandingthethemeofthearticleandthethoughtandspirititconveys.Fromthisperspective,analyzingtheworksnotonlycompletestheresearchdirectionoftherichworks,butalsohelpsthereaderstoreadandappreciate.1AnOverviewofthenovel,KillingaMockingbird1.1AuthorandcreativebackgroundNelleHarperLee(April28,1926--February19,2016)wasafamouscontemporaryAmericanfemalewriter.Bornin1926inMonroevelville,Alabama,intheSouth,hisfatherisaprominentlocallawyerandstatelegislator.AfterHarperLeegraduatedfromtheprestigiouslocalHaddingtonCollege,shefollowedherfather'swishestopursuelawattheUniversityofAlabama.ButHarperleeduringMenrowvillehighschoolhadastronginterestinliterature,forextremeloveofliteraturemakeshegaveupalawyer,aftergraduationalonecametoNewYorktopursuehiswritingdream,undertheencouragementoffriends,leetohishometownMunrowvilleandchildhoodexperienceonthebasisofliterarycreation.In1959,shecompletedheronlynovel,"ToKillAMockingbird"(KillingaMockingbird),whichwaspublishedin1960.Thepublicationof"ToKillaMockingbird"madeHarperLeeareputationandbecameahotfigureintheAmericanliteraryworld."ToKillaRobin",whichwonthePulitzerPrizeforfictionin1961.HarperLeehimselfreceivedthePresidentBush'sPresidentialMedalofFreedomin2007forhisoutstandingliterarycontributions,renewinghisliteraryexcellence.Longexposuretothespotlightalsobroughtsomefrustrationstolee'slife,leeinalaterinterview,afterfamouscelebrityeffectmakesitdifficulttocontinuetowriting,sohersecondnovelwritingprogresshasbeenslow,untilJuly2015,Harperleepublishedhiswritingcareersecondnovel"setupthewatchman",thebookisasequelto"killarobin".TheworkbecametheswansongofHarperLee'sliterarycareer,andlessthanayearafterthepublicationofSetupTheWatchmen,HarperLeediedonFebruary19,2016,inhishometownofMonroeville,Alabama,attheageof89.AftertheindependenceoftheUnitedStates,theSouthandthenorthdevelopedinverydifferentdirections.Inthenorth,capitalismdevelopedveryrapidly,andthestatescarriedouttheindustrialrevolution,andthedevelopmentlevelofproductiveforceswasrapidlyimproved.Whilethesouthernstatescontinuedtomaintainthebackwardplantationslavery,theexistenceofslaveryseriouslyhinderedthedevelopmentofAmericansociety,andthecontradictionsandstrugglesbetweenthenorthandSouthbecamemoreandstronger,leadingtotheAmericanCivilWar.DuringtheAmericanCivilWar,therewasaragingabolitionistmovementinChina,demandingtheliberationofallblackslavesinthecountry.TheCivilWar,withthevictoryoftheNorth,markedtheabolitionofAmericanslavery.Alabama,thehometownofHarperLee,isoneoftheslavestatesinthesouth,andracialdiscriminationagainstblackpeopleremainsdeeplyrootedandpermeatesallaspectsofsociallife.Blackslaves,thoughfreed,didnothavethesamerightsaswhitepeople.Whitechainsontheirbodieswerebroken,butthechainsontheirheartswereunchanged.Inthe1920sand1930s,agreateconomiccrisisthatsweptthewholeWesterncapitalistworldbrokeoutfromtheUnitedStates.Thisperiodwascalledthe"GreatDepressionperiod,"duringwhichthewholeUnitedStatessocietystagnated,leadingtoalongperiodofmassunemploymentandchangesinsocialrelations,andthedomesticracialproblemsbecameincreasinglyprominent.In1931,inAlabama,nineblackyouthswereaccusedofrapingtwowhitewomen.Intheabsenceofcompetentevidence,afteralengthytrialprocess,fourofthemweresentencedtoalengthyprisonsentencebythelocalcourt.Theresultofthetrialcausedapublicuproaratthetime,withmanycitizenscallingthecaseunreasonableandseeingitasaresultofracialdiscrimination.HarperLeelivesinsuchasocialenvironmentandhasanaccurateunderstandingofracialdiscrimination.IntheAmericanSouth,HarperLeewrotethenovelToKillaRobin,basedonthisstory.1.2Maincontents"KillaMockingbird"followstheallegedrapeofblackTomRobinson,throughthelittlegirlScootasaclue.IttellsthestoryoftherapeofTomRobinson,ablackman,inthesmalltownofMaycomb,Alabama,inthesouthernUnitedStates.Scoot'sfather,Adix,isalawyer,thetown'sblackyouthTomRobinsonwasaccusedofbeatingandrapedthewhitewomanMayira,thecourtappointedAdixasTomRobinson'sdefenselawyer,butthisbehaviorwashatedandridiculedbymostofthewhitepeopleinthetown.AlthoughLincolnhadalreadysignedtheDeclarationoftheLiberationoftheServesandtheCivilWarhadendedformorethan70years,theconceptofracialdiscriminationwasstilldeeplyrootedintheSouth,andmanywhitepeoplewhoconsideredsuperioritylookeddownonblackpeopleandrefusedtogiveuptheirprejudices.Atquestriedtodefendhimselfandtoeducatehischild'sintegrityandcourage.Adix'swonderfulcourtargumentwonTomclean,butitcouldnotchangetheoutcomeofthebiasedtrial,andTomwaseventuallyconvictedbyajury.BlackTomfinallydiedinprison,andtherobindidnotescapethefateof"beingkilled".2ArtisticfeaturesofTheKillingofaMockingbird2.1UniquenarrativeperspectivePerspectiveisaspecialterminliterarytheory,inshort,whichreferstotheAngleofobservingproblems.Thenarrativeperspectiveofliteratureisanimportanttoolforwriterstoconveythewritingthemeandthethemesignificanceofthearticle.Thesamestoryissupposedtoelaborateandanalyzefromdifferentangleswillpresentadifferentappearance,andthemeaningtobeconveyedisverydifferent.Therefore,itisofgreathelptopayattentiontotheselectionofthenarrativeperspectiveofthestoryandthenstudythepracticalsignificancebehindthework.Thediversificationofnarrativeperspectiveisoneoftheremarkablefeaturesofmodernnovels.Thebiggestfeatureofchildren'snarrativeperspectiveistoobservetheworldfromthepureperspectiveoftheauthorandfromtheperspectiveofchildren.Toshowapurerworld,toreflectthetruthoftheadultworld,andtoexposesocialproblems.InthenovelToKillaMockingbird,theauthorHarperLeecleverlychoosesanarrativeperspectiveandtakesachildren'snarrativeperspectivedifferentfromtheconventionaladultperspectivetoelaboratethewholestory.Thechildhoodexperiencegainedbywritersfromchildren'slifehasannegligibleinfluenceonthecreationoftheirliteraryworks,whichconstitutestheuniquewritingcharacteristicsofthewriterhimself.In1931,amajorracialdiscriminationincidentoccurredinHarperLee'shometownofAlabama.Nineblackteenagerswereaccusedbytwowhitewomenofrape,withoutanydefenselawyersabovethecourttodefendthem,ajuryofallwhitesentencedallnineblackyouthtodeath,afterinsufficientevidence,nowitnesstestimonyandnocounsel,buttheresultofanewtrialstillsentencedfiveblackpeopleinlifeimprisonment.Oneofthewhitewomenlateradmittedthattheirchargesagainsttheblackteenagersweregroundless,butthesentencedblackswerenotreleaseduntil1950.Leewasonly5yearsoldwhenthecasehappenedin1931,whichcausedgreatsocialcontroversyatthetimeandhadahugeimpactontheyoungHarperLee,whofirstbegantorealizethedeepmaliceinsocietyforpeopleofcolor.Thememoriesoftheprotagonist,Scoot,beginatthesummerofsix,andthecurtainofthenovelbegins.Li'schildhoodexperiencehasherownchildhoodexperienceofevents,thisincidentlettheyoungherpeepintothetruthoftheworld.Thelackofmaternallovefilledherworkwithimaginationandbecameaccustomedtoloneliness,andherpositiveinfluencegavehertherightwayofeducation,takingcourage,integrityandjusticeasherlifecreed.Undertheinfluenceofhischildhoodexperience,Liisencouragedtochoosethechildren'snarrativeperspectivetocreate.ToKillaMockingbirdisatypicalchildren'snarrativeperspectivenovel.Theprotagonistofthenovel,Skout,isthenarrativeundertakerofthechildren'snarrativeperspectiveinthenovel.TheplotofthenovelisfollowedwithwhatSkoutseesandhears.Fromthebeginningofthenovel,ScootandhisbrotherJimareinterestedinMr.Radley,wholivesoppositehishousebutneverleaveshishouse.Theyneversawhim,onlyknowingthathisnamewasRadley.Residentsinthecommunity,includinghisblacknanny,weresilentabouthim,whicharousedtheircuriosityabouthim.Theybegantoimaginehisappearance——,6andahalffeettall,eatingsquirrelswithbloodyhands.Hehadalongserratedscaronhisface,histeethyellowandrotten,hiseyesbulgingoutanddroolingallnight.WhentheymeetMr.Radley,thestrangemanprotectsthebrotherandsister,accidentallykillsEwell,whowashumiliatedbecauseAdixdefendedtheblackman,andfinallylearnsthatMr.Radleyisjustamanforcedbysocialprejudice.Later,hisfatherAdixarguedincourttoclearedblackTom,butTom'sblackskinledtohisimprisonment.InthecourtpubliclytriedtheblackTom,Scootsomeconsciousactivity,moreclearlyrevealedthetruthoftherapecase,triggeredreaderstothink."DuringTom'stestimonyIgraduallyrealizedthatMayirawascertainlytheloneliestmanintheworld,andshewasevenlonelythantheeccentricmanRadley,whohadbeenconfinedfortwenty-fiveyears.WhenAtticusaskedherifshehadfriends,atfirstshedidn'tseemtounderstandwhatitmeant,andlaterthoughthewasmakingfunofher.Ithinkshe'spathetic,likeJimsays:thewhitepeopledon'twanttoanswerherbecausesheliveswithapig;theblacksdon'tdaretotalktoherbecauseshe'swhite.Tomisprobablytheonlyonewhoshowedrespectforher,andshesayshetookpossessionofher."Scootpointedoutthetruthoftheallegedrape,isprejudiceandsecularforceofthewomanMayiratobecomeablackperson,becauseonlyblackpeoplearelowerthanher.ThisterriblebiasalwaysexistedinthetownofMaycombandbecameatowntradition.ThisbiaswillalsokillmanyofTomliketherobin.Theseeventsdrivetheplotofthenovel,andthedescriptionofthestoryallcomesfromwhattheprotagonistScootsawandheard.FromMr.Radley'soldhousetoMissModi'slivingroomtothenegro'sfirstbuyingchurchtoMrs.Dubos'scamelliabushes,Scoot'ssightonlinetookusthroughthetowncalledMaycombandalsowitnessedandrecordedthedarksideofhissociety.HarperLeetellsthecrueltruthinalivelyandinnocentchildtone,revealstheinjusticeandprejudiceinsociety,andexpressesthecomplaintsanddissatisfactionwithracialdiscrimination.2.2ThetextcontentofthescatteredcultureProseisalooselystructured,looselycasualliterarystyle.Comparedwithothergenres,itissomewhatmorearbitrary,doesnotpayattentiontostructure,freeandscattered,withoutbondage.Ittendstobefragmented,justlikeitsfirstname.Adultsarecharacterizedbycomprehensiveness,rationalityandwisdom,andtheirunderstandingoftheworldisrelativelycomprehensive.Choosetousetheadultperspectiveofnovelcreation,theplotandtextcontentofthenovelmustbeconsistentwiththeidentityoftheadult,willnotoftenappearscatteredandfragmentedlanguageandstructure.Butchildrenarenotthesame,childrenaresubjecttoage,theirunderstandingandexperienceoftheworldisnotcomparabletoadults.Theycannotunderstandthecomplexrelationships,conflicts,anddisputesofinterestsintheadultworld.Therefore,wecannotmakeareasonableunderstandingandjudgmentofobjectivethings.Therefore,inthetextcreatedfromtheperspectiveofchildren'snarrative,thetextcontentisalsosubjecttotheperspective,soitisimpossibletoappeartheundulatingandcomplexandcomplicatedplotsetting.Thewriterhimselfjumpedoutoftheirownadultidentity,inordertoshowthesimplicity,innocenceofchildren,thestoryissimplified.Atthesametime,children'sthinkingabilityislimited.Whattheycanonlyseeisthedetailsandfragmentsthatarousetheirinterest,andadultswillnothavetheabilitytograspthedevelopmentofthestoryatmacro,sothattheycannotundertakethetaskofbuildingarigorousnarrativestructure.Underthecombinedactionofthesefactors,thetextfromthechildren'sperspectivewillinevitablyshowthecharacteristicsoftheplotdilutionandscatteredculture.TheplotinToKillaMockingbirdisconsistentwiththeabove,withHarperLeeworkingaroundtheprotagonistScoot.Inthenovel,heissetasasix-year-oldchildwithashallowandincompleteunderstandingoftheadultworldaroundhim.TheplotofthenovelistheworldandexperiencethatSkoutobserved,fromtheallegedrapeofTomRobinsontotheintersectionwithMr.Radley,andthetriviabetweentheneighborhood,allsimpleplotsetting.Inaddition,therearemorecontentsappearingasmemoriesinthenovel,mostofwhichareappearinginintermittentfragmentsandfragments.Therefore,thenovelcreationbasedonthisisasfreeandfreeandeasyasprose.Asareader,youcanreducethedifficultyofreadingandincreasethefunofreadingfromthenarrativeofscatteredculture.Therefore,comparedwiththeinterlinkedandthoughtfulnarrativestyleofeachstepoftheadultperspective,children'sperspectiveisclosertonatureandlife,andhasquitescatteredculturalcharacteristics.2.3DxfamiliarizationwritingeffectTheconceptof"defamiliarization"wasproposedbyRussianWeiShklovskyinTheArtasaMethod."Theexistenceofsomethingcalledartisjusttocallbackpeople'sfeelingsoflife.Thegoalofartistomakeyoufeelthingslikewhatyousee,notwhatyouperceive.Thetechniqueofartisthedefamiliarizationtechniqueofthingsandthetechniqueofcomplexform,whichincreasesthedifficultyanddelayoffeeling."Accordingtohim,literaryworksshouldnotbecompletelyobjectiveandaccuratereproducedscenesorsimpleimitation,butshouldtrytobreakthroughthemselves,breaktheconventionandbringforththenew.Becausechildrenhaveaspecialwayoffeelingandknowledgelevel,thenovelsfromchildren'sperspectivewillbefarawayfromtheeyesofadultsandreflectthecharacteristicsofdefamiliarization,andsuchworkswillinevitablypresentdifferentnarrativestyles.Whenthenoveluseschildren'snarrativeperspectivetocreate,theworldisviewedfromtheperspectiveofchildren,itisalsolimitedbytheagecharacteristicsofchildren.Theirageandcognitiveleveldeterminethattheirobjectswillbetheirpeers,relativesandneighbors."Killarobin"althoughhasaracialconflict,buttheauthor'spendoesnotpositivelydescribetheracialdiscriminationofpersecutionorcomplexpoliticalstruggle,justthroughthechildren'slawyerfatherdealwithacriminalcasetocompletetheelaborationofthetheme,theauthorcleverlysetthefatherasalawyer,inordertoalwaysretreatbehindthechildrenperspectivetotellthestory.Thewholestoryalsooccursinasmalltownfamiliartoitsneighbors,withgoodwidows,viciousoldladies,andmysteriousweirks,whosecharactersintersectinthechaptersofthenoveltofeelbothfamiliarandunfamiliar.Withthehelpofchildren'seyes,theauthorreturnstotheself-sufficientchildrenandportraysvividandlovelyimagesofchildren.Althoughitinevitablyinvolvesadults,itmainlydescribesthelessonsbroughtbyadultstochildren.Therefore,thetextofthenovelsatisfiespeople'srememoryandaestheticofthepastlifeintime,spaceandcharactersettingandperformance.Second,theHarper.ThechildcharactersinLi'snovelsdonotviolatetheoriginalfeelingsofthings,butthroughthefirsttimeofchildren'scuriosity.This"defamiliarization"isdifferentfromthehabits,prejudicesandculturaltraditionsoftheownsociety,withanovelbutoriginalfeeling.3.ThepracticalsignificanceofKillingaMockingbird3.1AchangetothetraditionaladultperspectiveThroughoutthehistoryofthedevelopmentoftheworldnovel,thecreationofnovelsfromthebudofthe18thcenturytothegreatprosperityofthe19thcentury,theperspectiveparticipatedinthedevelopmentofnovelsasoneofthenarrativeskills.Mostofthenovelsproducedduringtheperiodexplainthecontextoftheplotfromthetraditionalnarrativeperspectiveofadults.Inthechoiceofnarrativeperspective,adultfullknowledgeperspectiveseemstobetheonlychoiceforwriterstocreatenovels,andwritersalsopreferthe"omnipotent"adultnarrativeperspective.Thewriterbecomes"God"inthecreativeprocessaboveeverything,andtheplotissetmoreruggedandarbitrary.Thewriter'swillrunsthroughthewholework,casuallyshuttlingthroughthestoryandtheheartsofthecharacters.Toputitsimply,thewriteristhe"God"inliteraryworks,whatthereaderseesiswhatthewriterobserves,andovertime,thereaderisaccustomedtotheGodofthewriter,whichseemstoreachasubtleconsensus.Thewriterhimselfishappywiththissituation,stayinginthecomfortzoneofadultcreation,notwantingtomakeachangeoutofthecomfortzone.Butwiththeliteraryappreciationabilityofreaders,cognitiveabilityalsogetmanyenhancement,thetraditionaladultperspectivenovelfortheappealofreaders,adultnarratorhasbeendifficulttoimpressreadersnottomeettheneedsofthereader,peoplebegantodoubt"god"intheadultperspective.Writersarealsoawareofthisproblem,sinceadultstellingstoriescannotmovepeople,sotheyneedtofindnewbreakthroughs.Childrengraduallycameintothesightofthewriters.Childrengivepeopleasenseofkindnessandnaturaltrust.Whentheauthorofthenovelappearsasachildtotellthestory,thenarratorskillfullytakesoffthedistrustbroughtbytheadultperspectivetoreadersandregainthetrustandfavorofreaders.InToKillaMockingbird,HarperLeeboldlyadoptedanovelchildren'snarrativeperspectivetocreateit,whichwasrareintheAmericanliteraryworldatthattime.Itsemergencebroketheprevioussituationthatsouthernwriterspreferredtheadultperspective.Itcanbesaidthat"ToKillaMockingbird"hasachievedahugeresponseinthesociety,inwhichtheuseofchildren'snarrativeperspectiveisagreatcredit.Withthehelpofthegreatinfluenceofthenovel,theperspectiveofchildren'snarrativehasalsoenteredtheperspectiveofreaders,andreaderscanexperiencetheuniquecharmofchildren'sperspectiveintheprocessofreading.Asauniquenarrativeperspective,children'snarrativeperspectivehasincomparableadvantagestotheuniversalnarrativeperspectiveofadults.ItsapplicationinToKillaMockingbirdindirectlyparticipatesinthereformoftheall-roundperspectiveofadults,makingchildren'snarrativeperspectiveanarrativestrategyacceptedandlovedbybothwritersandreaders.3.2DisclosureofRacismintheAmericanSouthTheexperienceofblackpeopleinAmericansocietyisahistoryofbloodandtears.Undertheruleofthewhitehierarchy,theblackracehasalwaysbeeninthetragicsituationofslaveryandoppression.TheissueofracialdiscriminationintheAmericanSouthhasalwaysbeenthemostprominent.FromtheoutbreakoftheCivilWarin1861camethepromulgationoftheDeclarationofIndependencewhen——declaredtheabolitionofslavery.Afterthegreatabolitionistmovement,blackAmericansgotridoftheidentityof"animal"forhundredsofyearsandbecamethelegal"people".AlthoughblackAmericansgainedtheequalstatuswithwhitesinlaw,theirlivesdidnotgetanysubstantialimprovement.Alltheusualwhitepeoplehavenotchangedtheirviewofblackpeople,whostillliveatthebottomofsocietyandarestilltheobjectsofexploitationanddiscriminationliketheirancestors.Afterescapingfromslavestatus,theWhitesbegannearlyacenturyofapartheidin1877,notuntilaftertheBrowncasein1954.Before1954,AmericanSouthernsocietydeprivedalmostallblackpeopleofsocialpower,strictlyapargregatedpolicies,andsouthernlawsprohibitedblacksandwhitesfromsittingtogetheronbusesandtrains,withdedicatedblackcarriages.Evenrefusedtosharetoiletsandbathroomswithblackpeople.Thelawisextremelypartialtowhitepeople,stipulatingthatblackmenofanyclassprohibitsexualcontactwithwhitewomen,andthepunishmentisthedeathpenaltywheneverblackpeoplecommitrape.Thiscontinueduntil1955,whenonabusinMontgomery,Alabama,BlackR.ThearrestofMrsParksjailedafterabusrefusaltogiveupherseattowhitepeopleandtheproblemsofraceintheSouthpromptedaMontgomerybusboycott.ThecentralprobleminToKillaMockingbirdis——TomRobinson,asteadfastandkindplantationworkerwhooftenhelpsMayela,thedaughterofwhiteEwell,dosomechores.Overtime,MayirahasasincerefeelingwithTom,onceMayirakissedTom,scaredTom.Howhedaredtotouchawhitewomaninthesouthernsocietyatthattimemeantthathemightpayhislife.HewasseenbyMayira'sfatherEwellwhilestruggling,andTomwasafraidofimmediatelyescapingthe——asevidenceofmisbehavior.Ewellwasashamedofhisdaughterfallinginlovewithablackman,andTomwasaccusedbyEwellofhimofrapinghisdaughter,andMayiraaccusedhimincourtofrapeinordertosavethefamilyfaceandhisfatherfrombeatingher.AlthoughwhitelawyerAdexoverturnedthechargewithstrongevidence,afullpanelofwhitememberseventuallyconvictedTom.Itwasnotwhathedid,butjustbecauseofhisdarkskin,whoseblackskinbecamehis"originalsin".Whileservinginprison,Tomtriestoescapeandiskilledbyarandomgun.Notwillingtobeartheunwantedcharges,the"robin"decidedtorushoutofthewindowtochaseforfreedom,orfellunderthewhiteman'sgun.Lipresentedsuchaunjustcasetotheworld.Shewantedtoboldlyexposeinthiswaytheracialdiscriminationagainstblackpeopleandthewhitepersecutionofblackpeople,andletthelivingconditionsofmorepeopleseetheblackpeopleinherhometown.PuttingthebloodyfactinfrontofthereadersisthetruesituationofblackAmericansundertheguiseofdemocraticequality.3.3ThecallfortheconscienceinthehumanheartHarperLee'srealcasesasayoungchildbroughthercreativeinspirationfor"KillaMockingbird","throughtherevelationofracesintheSouth.Callforallpeople,blackandwhitepeopleshouldbeequal,shouldhaveequalpower,cannotuseskincolortomeasureaperson'sgoodandbad,blackskinshouldnotbeblackpeoplebornwiththeoriginalsin,shouldtreatthepeoplearoundyoufairlyandequally.AlthoughtheAmericanCivilWarwaswoninthenorthandtheblackslavesintheSouthwereliberated,thediscriminationagainstwhiteblacksintheSouthhasneverbeenalleviated,andtheunjustcaseinthetownofMaycombisjustanotherreappearanceofthehistoryofracialdiscrimination.AsReverendSykessaystoScoot'sbrotherJim,"Don'tbetooconfident.I'veneverseenanyjurymakeblackwinwhite".Theissueofracialdiscriminationhasbecomedeeplyembeddedintheheartsofeverysouthernadultwhiteman.It'ssocommontotheresidentsofthetown,andevenMissModi,thekindestwhiterepresentativeinthenovel,says,"Idon'twanttogotheretoseethepoormanbeingsentencedtodeath.Lookatthesepeople,itislikeaRomancarnival.＂Butchildren'sunderstandingoffairnessandequalityisnaturalandthemostprimitiveandinstinctiveunderstanding.Sotheydon'tseerace,letalonediscriminateagainstblacks.Insuchcasesofblackandwhiteconflict,thechildrenfirmlybelievethatthelawisjust.Theyfirmlybelievethatinthiscountry,inasense,allpeoplearebornequal——hasaninstitutionofhumansocietythatequalsbeggarsandmembersoftheRockefellerfamily,foolsandAlbertEinstein,andrudeandignorantpeopleagainstthepresidentsofanyuniversity.Thisinstitutionisthecourt,buttheotherwisefaircourtisoncerelatedtoablackperson,wheretheverdictbecauseofitscolorisundoubtedlyunacceptable.Ithasalsocausedahugeimpacttothechild'sheart,andthechildren'sunderstandingofthesocietyispreliminary,andtheirunderstandingisalsointuitiveandreal.Thereisnoinequalitybetweenblackandwhite,adultsandchildren,childreninstinctivelyhavethissenseofjusticeandequality,theyusetheirownweakstrengthagainstallunfairevents.Inracialconflictinthesixties,lithroughtheworksofthechildrenfairlytreatothers,hopetocausethewholesocietyandhumanprofoundreflection,perhapsbacktothehumanoncethemostpureperspective,willmakethemostfairandequalrulingatthesametimetocallthewholesocietyhiddenintheinnerconscience.Theauthorhopesthatsuchworkswillmakepeopletakeofftheircol