專題05 閱讀理解（說明文+議論文）（解析版）-備戰(zhàn)2024年高中學業(yè)水平考試英語真題分類匯編

專題05閱讀理解（說明文+議論文）說明文1.（2023.云南）Whatifsomeonetoldyouaboutakindofgrassastallasthetallesttrees?Agrassasstrongassteel?Wouldyoubelievethatperson?Youshould,forthatgrassisbamboo(竹子),whichhasmorethan1,000uses.Itisnotjustamaterialformakingusefulproducts.Youngbambooiseaten,oftenmixedwithothervegetables.Bamboogrowsinmanypartsoftheworld.IntheUSAitgrowsinmanystateslikeVirginiaandFlorida.Mostbamboo,however,isfoundinwetandwarmclimates,especiallyinAsiaandontheislandsoftheSouthPacificOcean.InmostAsiancountries,bambooisnearlyasimportantasrice.Thisunusualmaterialisusedtonotonlybuildlargebuildingsbutalsomakewaterpipes,musicalinstrumentsandpaper.Thereareover1,000kindsofbamboo.Nowonderthelivesofnearlyhalfthepeopleonearthwouldchangegreatlyiftherewerenolongeranybamboo.8.Accordingtothetext,bambooisactuallyakindof.A.grass B.steel C.tree D.vegetable9.Wheredoesmostbamboogrow?A.OnlyinAsia. B.OnlyintheUSA.C.Inwetandwarmclimates. D.Allovertheworld.10.Whatisbamboousedtodoinparagraph3?A.Buildlargebuildings. B.Makewaterpipes.C.Makemusicalinstrumentsandpaper. D.Alloftheabove.11.Howmanykindsofbambooarethereaccordingtothetext?A.Over1,000. B.Over800. C.Over600. D.Over400.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.A【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了竹子的生長特點和用途。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Youshould,forthatgrassisbamboo(竹子),whichhasmorethan1,000uses.(你應該相信，因為這種草就是竹子，它有1000多種用途)”可知，竹子事實上是一種草。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Mostbamboo,however,isfoundinwetandwarmclimates,especiallyinAsiaandontheislandsoftheSouthPacificOcean.(然而，大多數(shù)竹子生長在潮濕和溫暖的氣候中，特別是在亞洲和南太平洋的島嶼上)”可知，竹子生長在世界各地，而大多數(shù)竹子生在在潮濕溫暖的氣候中。故選C?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thisunusualmaterialisusedtonotonlybuildlargebuildingsbutalsomakewaterpipes,musicalinstrumentsandpaper.(這種不尋常的材料不僅用于建造大型建筑物，還用于制造水管、樂器和紙張)”可知，竹子不僅用于建造大型建筑物，還用于制造水管、樂器和紙張。故選D。【11題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thereareover1,000kindsofbamboo.(竹子有一千多種)”可知，文章介紹說竹子有1000多種。故選A。2.（2023.云南）Theskyisblue,andthesunshinesonthestreetinParis,whereMr.Gallaishasbeensellingoldclassicbookstotouristsformorethan30years.LocalsandtouristsaroundtheworldwouldcometoMr.Gallai’sshopand230otheropen-airbooksellers’tobuybook.However,becauseofthelockdownregulationstocontroltheCOVID-19pandemic,thebooksellershadtofacetheproblemoflosingthebusinessandlivingdifficultiestheseyears.“Saleshavedecreasedbyanaverageof80percentthisyear,”Mr.Galaissaid,“whichisthrowingmanybooksellersintodangeroussituations.”Still,somebooksellerswanttowork.Theyareeagertokeepthetraditionthatdatesbacktothel6thcentury.Manyofthebooksellersareretiredworkerslivingonpensions(養(yǎng)老金).Theygatherliteraturebooksandmagazines.Agrowingnumberofpeopleintheir30sand40shavejoinedtheirranks.Theywanttofeelfreefromworkingoutsideanofficeinrainorshine.Evenbeforethepandemic,thebooksellerswerefightingwiththeculturalchangesthatpeopledon’treadpaperbooksasmuchastheyusedto.Iftheydoreadpaperbooks,mostreaderswilloftenchooseAtobuyones.12.HowlonghasMr.Gallaisbeensellingoldclassicbooksalongthebank?A.Morethan16years. B.Morethan19years.C.Morethan23years. D.Morethan30years.13.What’sthemaincauseofthebooksellers’livingdifficultiestheseyears?A.Thebooksellers’competition. B.Thelockdownregulations.C.Thetrendofanewprofession. D.ThepopularityofE-books.14.Whydidmanypeopleintheir30sand40sbecomesellers?A.Theyarenotwillingtoacceptadvances.B.Theyareeagertoliveachallenginglife.C.Theywanttofeelfreefromworkingoutside.D.Theycanearnalargeamountofmoney.15.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Mr.Gallaisisn’tabookseller.B.Middle-agedpeopledon’tjointheranks.C.Retiredbooksellersdon’tgatherliteraturebooksandmagazines.D.Booksellersmakeeffortstokeepthebooksellingtradition.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹即使面臨新冠和人們讀書方式改變的挑戰(zhàn)，巴黎售賣露天圖書的書商們依然努力保持圖書銷售的傳統(tǒng)?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theskyisblue,andthesunshinesonthestreetinParis,whereMr.Gallaishasbeensellingoldclassicbookstotouristsformorethan30years.(巴黎的天空是藍色的，陽光照射在街道上，Gallais先生30多年來一直在那里向游客出售經(jīng)典舊書)”可知，Mr.Gallais已經(jīng)沿河岸出售經(jīng)典書籍30多年了。故選D。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“However,becauseofthelockdownregulationstocontroltheCOVID-19pandemic,thebooksellershadtofacetheproblemoflosingthebusinessandlivingdifficultiestheseyears.(然而，由于控制新冠肺炎疫情的封鎖規(guī)定，這些年來書商不得不面臨失去生意和生活困難的問題)”可知，由于控制新冠肺炎疫情的封鎖規(guī)定書商們這幾年一直面臨著生活困難。故選B。14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Agrowingnumberofpeopleintheir30sand40shavejoinedtheirranks.Theywanttofeelfreefromworkingoutsideanofficeinrainorshine.(越來越多的三四十歲的人加入了他們的行列。無論晴雨，他們想要從戶外工作中獲得自由)”可知，很多三四十歲的人成為書商是因為他們想要從戶外工作中獲得自由。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Still,somebooksellerswanttowork.Theyareeagertokeepthetraditionthatdatesbacktothel6thcentury.(盡管如此，一些書商還是想工作。他們渴望保留可以追溯到16世紀的傳統(tǒng))”和最后一段的“Evenbeforethepandemic,thebooksellerswerefightingwiththeculturalchangesthatpeopledon’treadpaperbooksasmuchastheyusedto.(甚至在疫情之前，書商就在與文化變革作斗爭，即人們不再像過去那樣多讀紙質書了)”推知，書商努力保持圖書銷售的傳統(tǒng)。故選D。3.（2023.河北）Whenitcomestothehistoryofsnowskiing,thereistheearlyhistoryandthemodernhistory.ThemodernhistoryistiedtotheScandinaviancountries.ScandinavianfarmersandhuntersusedskisregularlyduringtheMiddleAges.Bythe17thcentury,theSwedishAmywascompeting(競爭)onskisandusingthemforbattlepurposesaswell.Thehistoryofskiingiscomplicated(復雜的),andthere’snotellingnohowmanypeoplehadtheirhandsinthedevelopmentofskisovertheyears.Interestinglyenough,skiswereusedintheSierraNevadaMountainsduringthegoldrush,anddownhillraceswereorganizedbyminingcamps.Bythelate1800s,peopleallovertheworldwereexperimentingwithskisandusingthemforallkindsofpurposes.In1888,forexample,aNorwegianmannamedFrigidityNansencrossedGreenlandonskis.Nansenkeptajournalofthistrip,andwhenthisjournalwaspublishedin1890,itbroughtgreatinterestinskiinginbothEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Thisisoneofthemostimportantmomentsinthehistoryofsnowskiing.Thehistoryofskiingseestheactivity,orsportifyouprefer,reallytakingoffaroundtheturofthe20thcentury.Peoplestartedtakingonallkindsofskiingchallengesinthelate1800sandearly1900s,andthetechnologycontinuedtogetbetter.Thefirstpackageskivacationswereofferedinandaround1903.TheWinterOlympicsonlyhelpedthesportbecomepopular.In1932,bothskijumpingandcross-countryskiingwereeventsthatwerefeaturedintheWinterOlympicsatLakePlacid.Afterfirstfeaturingasademonstration(演示)sportathe1988CalgaryGames,freestyleskiingwasintroducedtotheWinterOlympicprogrammein1992.Therewere13eventsinfreestyleskiingatBeijing2022.51.WhyaretheScandinaviancountriesmentionedinParagraph1?A.Togiveanexample. B.Toexplainthesports.C.Tointroducethetopic. D.Toputforwardanargument.52.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedevelopmentofskis. B.Theexperimentwithgold.C.ThehistoryofGreenland. D.Thestoryofaminingcamp.53.WhatmadeEuropeansandAmericansinterestedinskiing?A.Alongbattle. B.ANorwegian’swisdom.C.Thegoldrush. D.Thepublicationofajournal.54.Whendidthefirstpackageskivacationsappear?A.In1888. B.Inthe1600sC.Inandaround1903. D.Inthe1800s.55.Whateventbecamepartofthe1992WinterOlympics?A.Freestyleskiing B.SkijumpingC.Cross-countyskiing D.Downhillraces.【答案】51.C52.A53.D54.C55.A【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是滑雪運動的歷史和發(fā)展?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“ThemodemhistoryistiedtotheScandinaviancountries.ScandinavianfarmersandhuntersusedskisregularlyduringtheMiddleAges.(現(xiàn)代歷史與斯堪的納維亞國家緊密相連。斯堪的納維亞的農民和獵人在中世紀經(jīng)常使用滑雪板。)”可知，在第一段中提到斯堪的納維亞國家是為了引出本文的話題，即滑雪運動的歷史，故選C。【52題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thehistoryofskiingiscomplicated(復雜的),andthere’snotellingnohowmanypeoplehadtheirhandsinthedevelopmentofskisovertheyears.Interestinglyenough,skiswereusedintheSierraNevadaMountainsduringthegoldrush,anddownhillraceswereorganizedbyminingcamps.Bythelate1800s,peopleallovertheworldwereexperimentingwithskisandusingthemforallkindsofpurposes.(滑雪的歷史是復雜的，不知道有多少人在這些年里參與了滑雪板的發(fā)展。有趣的是，淘金熱時期內華達山脈使用滑雪板，下坡比賽由礦工營地組織。到19世紀末，世界各地的人們都在試驗滑雪板，并將其用于各種目的。)”可知，第二段主要講的是滑雪板的發(fā)展，故選A。【53題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Nansenkeptajournalofthistrip,andwhenthisjournalwaspublishedin1890,itbroughtgreatinterestinskiinginbothEuropeandtheUnitedStates.(Nansen把這次旅行記在日記里，當這本日記在1890年出版時，它引起了歐洲和美國對滑雪的極大興趣。)”可知，一本日記的出版讓歐洲人和美國人對滑雪感興趣，故選D。【54題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Thefirstpackageskivacationswereofferedinandaround1903.(第一個滑雪度假包是在1903年前后推出的。)”可知，第一個滑雪度假包是在1903年前后出現(xiàn)的，故選C?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Afterfirstfeaturingasademonstration(演示)sportathe1988CalgaryGames,freestyleskiingwasintroducedtotheWinterOlympicprogrammein1992.(自由式滑雪在1988年卡爾加里奧運會上首次成為表演項目，1992年被引入冬季奧運會。)”可知，自由式滑雪成為1992年冬奧會的比賽項目，故選A。4.（2023.廣東）Anewinteractive(互動的)mapshowswhichpartsoftheworldhavebeenhithardestbyclimatechange.Themap,calledClimateEX,allowsuserstoseehowglobalwarming(全球變暖)influencestemperatureandrainfallacrosstheEarth.Themapshows,intheUK,areasofeasternScotlandhavebeenmostinfluencedbyclimatechange.IntheUS,thewestcoasthasseenariseintemperatureandlossofrainfall.Themapalsoshowsthatoverthenext50yearspartsofWalesandnortheastEnglandwillseebigchangestotheirclimate.DevelopedbyascientistattheUniversityofCincinnati,themapuses50yearsofpublicclimatedatafrom50,000internationalweatherstationsaroundtheEarth.Itshowsnotonlyhowtheclimatehaschanged,Butalsowhatwillpossiblyhappenbytheyear2070.Accordingtothemap,overthenext50yearsCentralAmericawillbesubjecttoterribleheatandrainfall.PapuaNewGuinea,southeasternChina,thewestcoastoftheUS,GreenlandandtheArcticarealsoeasilyinfluenced,mostimportantlyforsealevelchange.ClimateEXcanalsohelpuserssearchforplaceswhereclimatechangemayleadtoextremephenomena(現(xiàn)象)inthefuture.TheusersimplytouchestheplacewherestormsarefrequentatpresentonthemapandthenClimateEXwillshowalltheplaceswherestormsarelikelytohappenin50years.6.Ariseintemperatureandlossofrainfallhavehappenedin____.A.theUS B.China C.PapuaNewGuinea D.theUK7.Themaptellstheclimatechangeinthefutureby_.A.settingupweatherstations B.recordingrainfallC.measuringthesealevels D.usingpastclimatedata8.TheunderlinedphrasebesubjecttoinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto____.A.cause B.suffer C.avoid D.change9.Accordingtothelastparagraph,themapcan_____.A.reducetheinfluencesofclimatechangeB.changetheclimatesofdifferentcountriesC.showwhereextremeclimateswillhappenD.suggesthowpeopledealwithclimatechange10.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.IncreasingRainfall B.AnAmazingMapC.AMapoftheWorld D.ChangeableClimate【答案】6.A7.D8.B9.C10.B【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了新研究開發(fā)交互式地圖可顯示全球氣候變化狀況?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“IntheUS,thewestcoasthasseenariseintemperatureandlossofrainfall.(在美國，西海岸氣溫上升，降雨量減少。)”可知，美國出現(xiàn)了氣溫上升和降雨減少的情況。故選A。【7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“DevelopedbyascientistattheUniversityofCincinnati,themapuses50yearsofpublicclimatedatafrom50,000internationalweatherstationsaroundtheEarth.(該地圖由辛辛那提大學的一位科學家開發(fā)，使用了全球5萬個國際氣象站50年來的公共氣候數(shù)據(jù)。)”可知，該地圖利用過去的氣候數(shù)據(jù)來預測未來的氣候變化。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Itshowsnotonlyhowtheclimatehaschanged,Butalsowhatwillpossiblyhappenbytheyear2070.(它不僅顯示了氣候是如何變化的，而且還顯示了到2070年可能會發(fā)生什么。)”和劃線詞前半句“Accordingtothemap,overthenext50yearsCentralAmerica(根據(jù)地圖，在未來的50年里，中美洲)”可推斷，在未來的50年里，中美洲將遭受可怕的高溫和降雨。所以劃線詞besubjectto為“遭受”之意。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“ClimateEXcanalsohelpuserssearchforplaceswhereclimatechangemayleadtoextremephenomena(現(xiàn)象)inthefuture.(ClimateEX還可以幫助用戶搜索未來氣候變化可能導致極端現(xiàn)象的地方。)”可知，該地圖可以顯示哪里會發(fā)生極端天氣。故選C?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewinteractive(互動的)mapshowswhichpartsoftheworldhavebeenhithardestbyclimatechange.(一幅新的交互式地圖顯示了世界上哪些地區(qū)受氣候變化影響最嚴重。)”、第三段“Itshowsnotonlyhowtheclimatehaschanged,Butalsowhatwillpossiblyhappenbytheyear2070.(它不僅顯示了氣候是如何變化的，而且還顯示了到2070年可能會發(fā)生什么。)及全文可知，文章主要介紹了新研究開發(fā)交互式地圖可顯示全球氣候變化狀況，還能預測未來的氣候變化，是令人驚訝的。所以“AnAmazingMap(令人驚嘆的地圖)”作為文章標題最為合適。故選B。5.（2023.廣東）Angerisanaturalfeelingthateveryoneexperiencesinlife.Someresearchersbelievethefirstsoundababymakeswhenborncouldbeasignofanger.Angermaybethefirstfeelingwehaveandrespondto.It’sinmanycasesaperfectlyhealthyfeeling.Angercancausepeopletomakeverypositivechangesintheirlives.Sometimeswehavetobeangryatinjustice(不公正),atwrongdoings,orevenatnature,beforewecandowhatneedstobedonetocorrectwrongsormakethingsbetter.Butofcourse,thatisnothowweusuallythinkofanger.Mostpeoplethinkofangerasafeelingwemustkeepundercontrol.Childrenaresometimessenttotheirroomsorpunishedforexpressingangerinanuncontrolledway.Parentstellachildtocontrolhimselfwhenthechildshowsanger.Wemaybeangrywithfriendsoratwork,butweknowit’snotrighttoshowit.Veryearlyinlife,welearnthatangerissomethingthatmustbecontrolled.Welearnthisforagoodreason.Uncontrolledangercanleadtofights,caraccidents,badrelationshipswithothers,unacceptablesocialbehavior,andmanyotherproblems.However,manyexpertssaythatifonesuppresseshisanger,hemaysufferseriousmentalandphysicalhealthproblems.Sowhatcanwedotounderstandandcalmthisfeeling?Onesolutionistotalkaboutitwithsomeonewetrust,forexample,agoodfriend.Wecanalsotrytowalkawayfromasituationthatcausesanger,askadoctorforadvice,orjustexercisemoreinourdailylife.Andofcoursewemayhavemanyothermethods.Whateversolutionwechoose,aslongaswearetryingtofindthesolutiontotheproblem,wehavealreadytakenthefirststepintherightdirection.11.AccordingtoParagraph1,angercan_____.A.leadtojustice B.keepushealthyC.helpustellrightfromwrong D.helpusmakethingsbetter12.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Wearetaughttocontrolanger.B.Angerappearsearlyinlife.C.Weshouldn’tgetangryatwork.D.Angrychildrenshouldbepunished.13.Theunderlinedword“suppresses”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto_____.A.holdsin B.takesin C.expresses D.understands14.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpdealwithanger?A.Excellentphysicalhealth.B.Atalkwithaclosefriend.C.Someexercisesgivenbyteachers.D.Agoodrelationshipwithothers.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofanger?A.Angershownbychildrenisunacceptable.B.Angerleadstodeadlymentalandphysicalillnesses.C.Angercanbeahealthyfeelingandneedbetreatedproperly.D.Angerbuildsuprelationshipswithourfriendsorworkmates.【答案】11.D12.A13.A14.B15.C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了憤怒是一種健康的情感，需要妥善對待?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“It’sinmanycasesaperfectlyhealthyfeeling.Angercancausepeopletomakeverypositivechangesintheirlives.Sometimeswehavetobeangryatinjustice(不公正),atwrongdoings,orevenatnature,beforewecandowhatneedstobedonetocorrectwrongsormakethingsbetter.(在很多情況下，這是一種非常健康的感覺。憤怒可以使人們在生活中做出非常積極的改變。有時，我們必須對不公正、對錯誤的行為、甚至對大自然感到憤怒，然后才能做我們需要做的事情來糾正錯誤或使事情變得更好。)”可知，憤怒可以幫助我們使事情變得更好。故選D?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Mostpeoplethinkofangerasafeelingwemustkeepundercontro1.Childrenaresometimessenttotheirroomsorpunishedforexpressingangerinanuncontrolledway.Parentstellachildtocontrolhimselfwhenthechildshowsanger.Wemaybeangrywithfriendsoratwork,butweknowit’snotrighttoshowit.Veryearlyinlife,welearnthatangerissomethingthatmustbecontrolled.(大多數(shù)人認為憤怒是一種必須加以控制的感情。孩子們有時會因為失控地表達憤怒而被送回房間或受到懲罰。當孩子生氣時，父母告訴孩子要控制自己。我們可能會對朋友或在工作中生氣，但我們知道表現(xiàn)出來是不對的。很小的時候，我們就知道憤怒是一種必須控制的東西。)”可知，第二段主要告訴我們，我們被教導要控制憤怒。故選A?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前句“Uncontrolledangercanleadtofights,caraccidents,badrelationshipswithothers,unacceptablesocialbehavior,andmanyotherproblems.(不受控制的憤怒會導致打架、車禍、與他人的不良關系、不可接受的社會行為以及許多其他問題。)”和后半句“hemaysufferseriousmentalandphysicalhealthproblems.(他可能會遭受嚴重的精神和身體健康問題。)”并結合表示轉折意義的however可知，不受控制的憤怒會有負面影響，但壓抑自己的憤怒可能會遭受嚴重的精神和身體健康問題。所以劃線詞suppresses為“壓制，壓抑”之意。故選A?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Onesolutionistotalkaboutitwithsomeonewetrust,forexample,agoodfriend.(一種解決方法是和我們信任的人談論，例如，一個好朋友。)”可知，與親密朋友的談話可以幫助處理憤怒。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“It’sinmanycasesaperfectlyhealthyfeeling.Angercancausepeopletomakeverypositivechangesintheirlives.(在很多情況下，這是一種非常健康情感。憤怒可以使人們在生活中做出非常積極的改變)”和第三段“Uncontrolledangercanleadtofights,caraccidents,badrelationshipswithothers,unacceptablesocialbehavior,andmanyotherproblems.However,manyexpertssaythatifonesuppresseshisanger,hemaysufferseriousmentalandphysicalhealthproblems.(不受控制的憤怒會導致打架、車禍、與他人的不良關系、不可接受的社會行為以及許多其他問題。然而，許多專家表示，如果一個人壓抑自己的憤怒，他可能會遭受嚴重的精神和身體健康問題)”可推斷，憤怒可以是一種健康的感覺，需要妥善對待。故選C。6.（2023.北京）Alotofusspendmostofourworkingdaysittingatthecomputerwithoutmovingatall.So,howdoestheworldkeepfit?Let’shavealookatsomeofthelatestexercisesfromaroundtheworld.Towerrunningisasportyoucandointhetallbuildingsofalmostanybigcity.Allyouneedtodoisstartatthebottomofanofficetowerandrunupallthestairsuntilyougettothetop.Now,towerrunninghasbecomepopularwithimportantracestakingplaceinsomeoftheworld’stallesttowers,liketheChinaWorldTradeCentreinBeijing.PiloxingstartedintheUSA.Thesportisamixbetweenboxing,pilates(普拉提)anddance.Piloxingusesthepowerandspeedofboxing,whilebuildingyourmusclesandstrengthwithpilates.Allofthishappenstonon-stoploudmusic,andyoulearnsomegreatdancemovestoo.Paddleboardingontheoceanmightlookeasy,butitisatoughsport.Youneedtobestrongtokeepyourbalance.ThesportwasadaptedfromsurfingandithaditsrootsinPolynesiawherepeopleusedpaddlingforbothworkandplay-fromtransporttocatchingwaves.Trapezemayremindyouofthecircusact-peoplefly,danceandmovefromsidetosidethroughtheair.JulesLeotarddevelopedtheartoftrapezeinthemid-nineteenthcenturyinFrance.Toperformtrapeze,peoplemustdevelopupper-bodystrengthtoturnandfly.Areyouready?Evenashortamountofexerciseeverydaycanhelpustofeelhappierandmorerelaxed.16.Whichexercisemustbedoneintallbuildings?A.Towerrunning. B.Piloxing. C.Paddleboarding. D.Trapeze.17.Wheredoespaddleboardingcomefrom?A.China. B.TheUSA. C.Polynesia. D.France.18.Todotrapezewell,peoplemusthave.A.strongupper-bodystrength B.powerandspeedofboxingC.betterrunningability D.goodswimmingskills19.Whatdoesthispassagecallonpeopletodo?A.Loseweight. B.Getmoving. C.Keepworking. D.Travelaround.【答案】16.A17.C18.A19.B【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四個最新的鍛煉方式?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Towerrunningisasportyoucandointhetallbuildingsofalmostanybigcity.(跑塔是一項你幾乎可以在任何大城市的高樓大廈里進行的運動)”可知，Towerrunning必須在高樓里做。故選A?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ThesportwasadaptedfromsurfingandithaditsrootsinPolynesiawherepeopleusedpaddlingforbothworkandplay-fromtransporttocatchingwaves.(這項運動是由沖浪運動演變而來的，它起源于波利尼西亞，那里的人們將劃槳用于工作和娛樂——從運輸?shù)匠孙L破浪)”可知，槳板是從波利尼西亞來的。故選C?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Toperformtrapeze,peoplemustdevelopupper-bodystrengthtoturnandfly.(為了表演空中飛人，人們必須鍛煉上肢力量來轉彎和飛行)”可知，要做好空中飛人，人必須有強壯的上肢力量。故選A?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Areyouready?Evenashortamountofexerciseeverydaycanhelpustofeelhappierandmorerelaxed.(你準備好了嗎？即使是每天少量的運動也能讓我們感到更快樂、更放松)”可知，這篇文章號召人們行動起來。故選B。7.（2023.北京）Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetrainedandstudiedhomingpigeons.Thesebirdsadoptahomingspotbythetimetheyaresixweeksold.Whenreleasedfromunfamiliarplaces,theyhavetheunbelievableabilitytoreturntotheirhome.Onitsjourneyhome:apigeoncanflyover500milesinasingleday.Inonestudy,somehomingpigeonswerereleasedfromAfricaandflewover7,000milestoarrivesafelyattheirhomeinEngland.Throughouttheirjourneywhichtook55days,theyflewasurprisinglystraightpathhome.Homingpigeonshaveservedpeopleinmanywaysthroughouttheyears.Hospitalsusedpigeonstodelivermedicine.InWorldWarI,pilotsbroughtthepigeonsalongastheyflewmissions.Iftheirplanewasdisabled,thepilotwouldreleasethepigeonwithamessagestatinghislocationandcallingforhelp.Today,thereareover4milliontrainedhomingpigeonsaroundtheworld.Werecognizethehomingpigeons’amazingabilitytonavigate,butscientistsarestillpuzzledastohowthesebirdscanreturnhomeaccurately.Manyscientistsdiscoveredthatthebumpsonahomingpigeon’sbeakcontainironparticleswhicharepointingtotheNorthPolemuchlikeaman-madecompass.Scientistsarrangedanexperimenttotestthetheorythatbirdsusetheseironparticlestonavigate.Theyplacedmagnets,whichwouldinfluencethemagneticfield,onthebackofpigeons.Theyfoundthatthispreventedsomepigeons’abilityfromflyinghome.However,manyofthesebirdsstillnavigatedeffectively.Thisindicatedthatthemagneticfieldisnottheonlyfactorinvolvedinthehomingpigeon’sabilitytonavigate.Sincethen,scientistshavefoundthatpigeonscansensesoundsthathumanscannothear,andthat“soundfields”mayalsohelpthemnavigate.Atheorythatbirdshaveahighlydevelopedsenseofsmellthattheyusetonavigateisalsobeingtested.Atthistime,scientistsbelievethathomingpigeonsmostlikelyuseamixtureofsystemstofindtheirwayhome.24.Whenarehomingpigeonsabletonavigatetoahomingspot?A.Afteralong-distanceflight. B.Sincetheirbirth.C.Whenthey’resixweeksold. D.Whenthey’rewell-trained.25.HowdidthehomingpigeonhelppeopleinWorldWarI?A.Bymisleadingtheenemy. B.Bysendingmessages.C.Bydeliveringmedicine. D.ByactingasaGPS.26.Whatisthefunctionofthebumpsonthehomingpigeon’sbeak?A.Findingtheway. B.Keepingbalance. C.Noticingsmells. D.Sensingsounds.27.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A.Practicalusesofthehomingpigeon. B.Trainingtechniquesforthehomingpigeon.C.Thephysicalstructureofthehomingpigeon. D.Thenavigationsystemsofthehomingpigeon.【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.D【導語】這是一篇說明文。幾千年來，人們一直在訓練和研究信鴿。文章主要介紹了信鴿的作用以及其生理特點?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thesebirdsadoptahomingspotbythetimetheyaresixweeksold.(這些鳥在六周大的時候會找到一個歸巢的地方)”可知，信鴿六周大的時候能夠導航到歸航點。故選C?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“InWorldWarI,pilotsbroughtthepigeonsalongastheyflewmissions.Iftheirplanewasdisabled,thepilotwouldreleasethepigeonwithamessagestatinghislocationandcallingforhelp.(在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中，飛行員在執(zhí)行飛行任務時攜帶鴿子。如果他們的飛機壞了，飛行員就會釋放鴿子，并發(fā)出信息，說明他的位置并尋求幫助)”可知，信鴿在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中通過發(fā)送信息幫助人們。故選B?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Manyscientistsdiscoveredthatthebumpsonahomingpigeon’sbeakcontainironparticleswhicharepointingtotheNorthPolemuchlikeaman-madecompass.(許多科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，信鴿喙上的凸起含有鐵顆粒，這些顆粒指向北極，很像人造指南針)”可知，信鴿喙上的凸起可以找路。故選A?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Scientistsarrangedanexperimenttotestthetheorythatbirdsusetheseironparticlestonavigate.Theyplacedmagnets,whichwouldinfluencethemagneticfield,onthebackofpigeons.Theyfoundthatthispreventedsomepigeons’abilityfromflyinghome.However,manyofthesebirdsstillnavigatedeffectively.Thisindicatedthatthemagneticfieldisnottheonlyfactorinvolvedinthehomingpigeon’sabilitytonavigate.(科學家們安排了一個實驗來檢驗鳥類利用這些鐵粒子導航的理論。他們在鴿子背上放置了磁鐵，可以影響磁場。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這阻止了一些鴿子飛回家的能力。然而，這些鳥類中的許多仍然有效地導航。這表明磁場并不是影響信鴿導航能力的唯一因素)”以及最后一段“Sincethen,scientistshavefoundthatpigeonscansensesoundsthathumanscannothear,andthat“soundfields”mayalsohelpthemnavigate.Atheorythatbirdshaveahighlydevelopedsenseofsmellthattheyusetonavigateisalsobeingtested.Atthistime,scientistsbelievethathomingpigeonsmostlikelyuseamixtureofsystemstofindtheirwayhome.(從那時起，科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)鴿子可以感知人類聽不到的聲音，“聲場”也可能幫助它們導航。鳥類有高度發(fā)達的嗅覺，它們用來導航的理論也正在接受測試。在這個時候，科學家們認為信鴿最有可能使用多種系統(tǒng)來找到回家的路)”可知，最后兩段主要講了信鴿的導航系統(tǒng)。故選D。8.（2023.北京）Thebodygivesoffmanygases.Althoughsomesmellsmaysignalaneedtobatheorthatyouateacertainmeal,othergasesmightpointtoseriousdisease.Now,researchershavecomeupwithasystemthatusesearmuffstocatchthedisease-signalinggases.Doctorscouldgettheinformationaspatientswearasetofearmuffs.Resultscouldbereadywithinminutes.“Theearisagoodplacetomonitor,”explainsJohnson,abiomedicalengineer.Theear’sskinisfairlythin,henotes.Sogasesdon’thavetotravelfartogetoutofthebloodandescapethroughskinpores.Tocollectthegases,Johnsonandhisteamselectedearmuffsthatmakeatightsealwiththehead.Thesearethetypepeopleoftenweartoprotecttheearsfromloudnoise.Histeammadetwoholesinthemuffcoveringoneear.Atubeslowlypumpedairinonehole.Anothertubepulledairoutofthesecondholeandsentittoasensor.Intheirtests,theteamfoundthattheycouldmeasurechangesintheamountofalcoholcomingfromtheskinoftheear.ItcouldworkmuchlikeaBreathalyzerthatpoliceusetotestpeoplefordrivingdrunk.Theteaminvitedthreemen.Eachhadtoavoiddrinkingalcoholforatleastthreedaysbeforetakingpart.Onceinthelab,thesemenworetheearmuffsandsatfor10minutesasthesystemrecordednormalgaslevelsleavingtheirears.Afterward,themendrankabigamountofalcohol.About7minuteslater,theearmuffsystemtestedoutariseinalcoholleavingtheskin.After50minutes,alcohollevelsreachedthepeakandcontinuedfallinguntilthetestwasover.Theteamthenmeasuredothergasesbychangingoutthesensor.Withtherightsensor,theirearmuffsystemcouldtestoutdisease.Later,theyreplacedtheearmuffswithaone-earedversiontomakeitabitmorecomfortable.Johnsonimaginesanotherpossiblebenefit.Theearmuffsystemcouldhelpdoctorstellwhetherachild’searinfe