中國智慧-文化面面觀 課件 UNIT 4 Chinese Food and Wars

ChineseFoodandWarsUNIT4LearningObjectivesGiveaspeechontheimportanceoffoodsecurityLearnaboutexpressionsonfood1Talkaboutfoodandlegend23TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingThereisnosincerelovethantheloveoffood.--GeorgeBernardShawTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingWeateinpavilionsonthesand.Pastriesmadeofcookedandshreddedfishandredandgreenpeppersandsmallnutslikegrainsofrice.Pastriesdelicateandflakyandthefishofarichnessthatwasincredible.Prawnsfreshfromtheseasprinkledwithlimejuice.Theywerefourbitestoaprawn.Ofthoseweatemany.Thenweatepaellawithfreshseafood,clamsintheirshells,mussels,crayfish,andsmalleels.--ErnestMillerHemingwayTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsDeliciousTreatsfromTurbulentTimeUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingFujiancuisineisrenownedforitsexceptionalculinarytechniquesinpreparingbothlandandseadelicacies,offering

adiversearrayofflavorsandpresentinganoverviewofFujian’scustomsandhistorythroughthelegendsandstoriesassociated

with

itsdishes.Amongitswell-knownsnacksareOysterOmelet,SeaWormJelly,andGuangbing,whichwerereportedlycreatedduringperiodsofwarandhaveconnectionstocelebratedmilitarycommanderssuchasQiJiguang(戚繼光),ZhengChenggong(鄭成功),andZuoZongtang(左宗棠).OneofthemostpopularsnacksinnorthernFujianisGuangbing,whichhasaninterestinghistorylinkedtoQiJiguang,whowasaChinesemilitarygeneralandnationalheroduringtheMingDynasty,rememberedforhiscourageandleadershipinfightingagainstJapanesepiratesalongtheeastcoastofChina.Inthelate1562,whilepursuingJapanesepiratestoFuqing,histroopsencounteredinclementweatherandcouldnotcooktheirfood.Tosolvethisproblem,QiJiguangorderedthesoldierstobakesmallcakeswithaholeinthemiddle,whichtheystrungtogetherwithhempropeforeasytransport.Thesecakesprovedtobeadelicacyandapracticalsolutiontothetroops’mobilityandfightingcapacity.ThecakesbecamesopopularthatpeoplealloverthecoaststartedmakingthemforQi’stroops,contributingsignificantlytothewaragainsttheJapanesepirates.TohonorQiJiguang’sachievements,peopleadoptedtheword“guang”fromthemilitaryleader’snameandnamedthiscake“Guangbing”(“bing”meaningcakeorpie).Guangbingismadeprimarilyfromrefinedflour,salt,and

dietaryalkali.After

kneadingthedough,itisflattenedintoacircularcakeandtoppedwithsesameseeds,andthenholesarepunchedthroughthemiddle.Thecakeisthenlefttorisebeforebeingplacedinaspecialoventhathasbeenpreparedinadvance.Pineneedles,

freshlypickedfromthatyear,areusedtobakethecakeuntilitbecomescrispyandreadytoenjoy.海蠣煎oysteromeletSimilarly,twootherfamoussnacks,OysterOmeletandSeaWormJelly,havestoriesthattiethemtotherecaptureofTaiwanbyZhengChenggong,aChinesemilitaryleaderofthelateMingandearlyQingdynastiesinthe17thcentury.Intheyear1661,ZhengChenggongledhistroopsinanattempttoretakethelostterritoryofTaiwan,whichhadbeencolonizedbytheDutch.Withremarkabledeterminationandmilitaryprowess,Zheng’stroopsswiftlypushedthroughtheDutchforces,whofoughttoresist.However,theDutchhadhiddenallthericeandgraininordertostarveoutZheng’sarmy.Withlimitedfoodsupplies,Zheng’ssoldiershadtogetcreative.Theydiscoveredthatoysters,atreasuredingredientinTaiwan,couldbemixedwithsweetpotatostarchandwatertocreateadeliciouspancake-likedish.Bytheendoftheyear,Zheng’stroopshadsuccessfullydrivenouttheDutchafter38yearsofcolonization.ThedishcreatedbyZheng’ssoldiersgrewinpopularityandcametobeknownastheOysterOmelet,whichhadbeenpasseddownthroughgenerationsinFujianandbeyond.Thestorybehinditsoriginisatestamenttotheingenuityofthosewholivedindifficulttimes,makingdowithwhatlittletheyhadtocreatesomethingspecial.Today,theOysterOmeletisabeloveddishinTaiwanandaroundtheworld,showcasing

theresilienceandcreativityofthepeoplewhofirstcreatedit.TocreatethesavoryOysterOmelet,beginbycleaninganddrainingfreshoysters.Theoystersarethenblendedwithsweetpotatostarchandegg,alongwithatablespoonofsoysauce,beforebeingfriedinshallowoiluntilcrispy.Theaddition

ofchilisauceandchoppedcilantroleaves香菜葉providesafragrantandenticingaroma.AnotherbelovedsnackinsouthernFujianisSeaWormJelly,knownas“Tusun”inMandarinduetoitsresemblancetobambooshoots.Accordingtolegend,duringZhengChenggong’srecaptureofTaiwan,hissoldiersdugupseawormsfromtheseashoretocreateA“soup”inordertocombathungerpangs.Asageneralwhoalwaysatewithhissoldiers,Chenggongalsoconsumedthesoup,butoftenbecametoopreoccupiedwiththewarandthefateoftheTaiwanesepeopletoconsumeitafterpreparation.Asaresult,hisattendantshadtoreheatthesoup.Oneday,Chenggongconsumedthesoupwhenitwasstillcold,andsurprisinglyfoundthatittastedevenbetterthanthewarmversion.Itwasdiscoveredthatwhenthesoupcooleddown,itformedintosoft,firm,andslightlyelasticjelly-likemass.Throughthisdiscovery,Chenggonginventedabelovedsnackthathasbeenenjoyedeversince.Whileit’scommonlybelievedthatZhengChenggonginadvertentlyinventedseawormjellyduringtheretakingofTaiwan,there’sevidencetosuggestthatthesnack’soriginsdatebackevenfurther.SomespeculatethatduringtheMingDynasty’sJiajingperiodinthe16thcentury,QiJiguangfoughtagainstJapaneseinvadersalongthesoutheastcoastofChina.Facingfoodshortages,histroopscollectedfish,shrimp,crabs,andshellfishfromtheseashoretomakesoup.Whileforaging,somesoldiersaccidentallycaughtseaworms,whichwerethenaddedtothepot.WhenQiJiguangtriedthisconcoction,hediscoveredonlyfrozensoupwithseawormsleft.Hetasteditandwaspleasantlysurprisedbytheflavor,whichhefoundtobetterthanthehotsoupmadefromfishandcrab.Theseawormjellygainedareputationandquicklyspread.Despitetheambiguitysurroundingitstrueorigins,it’sclearthatseawormjellywascreatedduringatimeoffoodscarcity.Therecipehasevolvedovertime,withlatergenerationsimprovinguponproductionmethodsandseasoning.Tocreateseawormjelly,thewormsarethoroughlycleanedandboiledinwaterandsaltuntilgelisextracted.Themixtureisthenladledintosmallbowlswithsoupandlefttosetovernight,resultinginacrystal-clear,smoothjelly.Addingseasoningslikegarlicpaste,soysauce,orvinegarcanenhancetheflavorofthisbelovedsnack.Thoughtheexactoriginsofthesebelovedsnacksmaybelosttohistory,theirrecipeshavebeenpasseddownandcontinuouslyimprovedupon.Thesestoriesalsoreflecttheturbulentandharshlivingconditionsduringtimesofwarandscarcity.AsMr.LinYutangoncesaid,“weeatalltheediblethingsonthisearth.Weeatcrabsbypreference,andofteneatbarkbynecessity.Economicnecessityisthemotherofourinventionsinfood.Wearetoooverpopulated,andfamineistoocommonforusnottoeateverythingwecanlayourhandson.”Warsandfamineshaveforcedpeopletoconductexhaustiveexperimentswithalltypesofedibles,showcasingtheintelligent,creative,courageous,andoptimisticspiritoftheChinesepeopleinthefaceofadversity.林語堂的這段話的翻譯weeatalltheediblethingsonthisearth.Weeatcrabsbypreference,andofteneatbarkbynecessity.Economicnecessityisthemotherofourinventionsinfood.Wearetoooverpopulated,andfamineistoocommonforusnottoeateverythingwecanlayourhandson.“……凡必地球上可吃的東西，我們都吃。出于愛好，我們也吃蟹，出于必要，我們也吃樹皮草根。經(jīng)濟(jì)上的必要乃為我們的新食品發(fā)明之母，我們的人口太緊密，而饑荒太普遍，致令我們不得不吃幾手指能夾持的任何東西?！盜nmanyways,thebelovedsnacksofFujiantellastoryofresilience,resourcefulness,andthehumanabilitytofindnovelanddelicioussolutionstolife’sstruggles.Thesedishescontinuetobepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration,embodyingthehistoryandspiritofthepeoplewhocreatedthem.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsturbulent:adj.aturbulentsituationorperiodoftimeisoneinwhichtherearealotofsuddenchanges.騷動的、騷亂的e.g.Changehasbecomeaconstantintheturbulenteconomyofderegulationandglobalcompetition.associatev.tomakeaconnectioninyourmindbetweenonethingorpersonandanother使發(fā)生聯(lián)系associatesomebody/somethingwithsomethinge.g.Idon’tassociatehimwithenergeticsports.e.g.Inthiscaseanincreaseingrossoutputwillbeassociatedwithanincreaseinbothscaleanddiversity.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsmobility:n.theabilitytomoveeasily機(jī)動性e.g.Thekeytothearmy’seffectivenessisitsincreasedmobility.capacity:n.someone’sabilitytodosomething能力、容量e.g.achild’scapacityforlearninge.g.acapacitytothinkinanoriginalwayUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationscontribute:v.togivemoney,help,ideasetctosomethingthatalotofotherpeoplearealsoinvolvedin貢獻(xiàn)e.g.Cityemployeescannotcontributetopoliticalcampaigns.contributesomethingto/towardssomethinge.g.Thevolunteerscontributetheirowntimetotheproject.dietary:adj.relatedtothefoodsomeoneeats飲食的e.g.Thedietaryguidelinescanbeachievedbyeatingmorefruitsandvegetables.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsknead:v.topressamixtureofflourandwatermanytimeswithyourhands揉捏e.g.Kneadthedoughforthreeminutes.crispy:adj.foodthatiscrispyispleasantlyhardontheoutside酥脆的e.g.Soonthetreeswillbearappleswhosecrispy,whitefleshwillnotturnbrownevenhoursafterbeingcutopen.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsrecapture:v.totakecontrolofaplaceagainbyfightingforit奪回e.g.anattempttorecapturethecitycolonize:v.toestablishpoliticalcontroloveranareaoroveranothercountry,andsendyourcitizenstheretosettle將……開拓為殖民地e.g.Yet,infact,onlyasmallpartoftheworldhasyetbeencarcolonized.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationstestament:n.atangibleproofortribute事實(shí)的證明e.g.OnedayastatuewillbeerectedsomewhereonO'ConnellStreettobeartestamenttothisfact.e.g.Iwastestamenttothatfact.enticing:adj.somethingthatisenticingattractsorinterestsyoualot迷人的e.g.Itwasahotdayandthewaterlookedenticing.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsresemblance:n.ifthereisaresemblancebetweentwopeopleorthings,theyaresimilar,especiallyinthewaytheylook.相似e.g.TheresemblancebetweenSusanandhersisterwasremarkable.beara(close/striking/uncannyetc)resemblancetosomebody/something(=looklike)e.g.Tinabearsastrikingresemblancetohermother.bearlittle/noresemblancetosomebody/somethinge.g.Whathappensinthefilmbearslittleresemblancetowhatactuallyhappened.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationscombat:v.totrytostopsomethingbadfromhappeningorgettingworse反對combatinflation/crime/racismetce.g.Tocombatinflation,thegovernmentraisedinterestrates.consume:v.formaltoeatordrinksomething大吃大喝e.g.Alcoholmaynotbeconsumedonthepremises.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsspeculate:v.toguessaboutthepossiblecausesoreffectsofsomething,withoutknowingallthefactsordetails推測speculateon/about(why/whatetc)e.g.Jonesrefusedtospeculateaboutwhatmighthappen.speculatethate.g.Someanalystsspeculatedthatjobswillbelost.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsscarcity:n.asituationinwhichthereisnotenoughofsomething缺乏e.g.Thescarcityofmedicalsupplieswasbecomingcritical.extract:v.tocarefullyremoveasubstancefromsomethingwhichcontainsit,usingamachine,chemicalprocessetc.提取、萃取

extractsomethingfromsomethinge.g.Oilsareextractedfromtheplants.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsedible:adj.somethingthatisediblecanbeeaten可食用的e.g.Theseberriesareedible,butthosearepoisonous.exhaustive:adj.extremelythoroughandcomplete詳盡的e.g.anexhaustiveinvestigatione.g.Thelistisbynomeansexhaustive.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingQiJiguang(November12,1528–January5,1588)wasaChinesemilitarygeneralandnationalheroduringtheMingDynasty.HewasbestrememberedforhiscourageandleadershipinthefightagainstJapanesepiratesalongtheeastcoastofChina,aswellashisreinforcementworkontheGreatWallofChina.QiJiguangwasborninthetownofLuqiao(魯橋)inShandongprovincetoafamilywithalongmilitarytradition.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingZhengChenggong,(bornAug.28,1624,Hirado,Japan—diedJune23,1662,Taiwan),pirateleaderofMingforcesagainsttheManchuconquerorsofChina,bestknownforestablishingChinesecontroloverTaiwan.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsLinYutang,(bornOctober10,1895,Longxi,Fujianprovince,China—diedMarch26,1976,HongKong),prolificwriterofawidevarietyofworksinChineseandEnglish;inthe1930shefoundedseveralChinesemagazinesspecializinginsocialsatireandWestern-stylejournalism.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsI.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.OysterOmeletissaidtobecreatedbecauseoftheturmoilofthewarsinFujian’shistoryandhassomethingtodowith________.ZuoZongtang B.ZhengChenggong C.QiJiguang D.LinZexu2.SeaWormJellyissaidtobecreatedbecauseoftheturmoilofthewar--________.TheRecaptureofTaiwanSecondOpiumWarthefightagainstJapanesepiratesalongtheeastcoastofChinatheSino-JapaneseWarof1894-18953.Guangbingisrelatedtothenameofthemilitaryleader--________.A.ZuoZongtang B.ZhengChenggong C.LinZexu D.QiJiguang4.Whichofthefollowingsnacksneedstousedietaryalkali?Guangbing B.OysterOmelet C.SeaWormJelly D.Ningdemeatballs5.Tomakeseawormjellymoredelicious,youcanaddthefollowingexcept________.garlicpaste B.soysauce C.starch D.vinegarUnderstandingthetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Discussthefollowingquestionsinsmallgroups.Pleasesharewithyourpartnersotherstoryconcerningwithsnacksthatarecreatedduringwartime.Mr.LinYutangsaid“…weeatalltheediblethingsonthisearth.Weeatcrabsbypreference,andofteneatbarksbynecessity.Economicnecessityisthemotherofourinventionsinfood.Wearetoooverpopulatedandfamineistoocommonforusnottoeateverythingwecanlayourhandson.”DoyouagreewithwhatMr.LinYutangsaid?What’syouropinion?Givecommentsontheimportanceoffoodsecurity.UnderstandingthetextLanguageExercisesReadingTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading

中國有“蘇東坡豬肉”和“江豆腐”。在英國，華茲華斯牛排或高爾斯華斯肉排是難以想象的。華茲華斯華斯歌唱的是“樸素的生活與崇高的思想”，但他沒有注意到好的食物，特別是新鮮的竹筍和蘑菇，是簡單鄉(xiāng)村生活的真正樂趣。而中國的詩人們坦率地在詩中贊美其家鄉(xiāng)的“鱸魚膾和莼菜羹”，以最優(yōu)雅的方式表達(dá)他們的思鄉(xiāng)之情。事實(shí)上，我們對祖國的愛在很大程度上是對童年時強(qiáng)烈的感官享受的回憶。對山姆大叔的忠誠是對美國甜甜圈的忠誠，但美國人不會承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。InChina,Wehave“SuTungp’opork”and“Jiangbean-curd”.InBritain,aWordsworthsteakorGalsworthycutletwouldbeunimaginable.Wordsworthsangabout“plainlivingandhighthinking,”buthefailedtonotethatgoodfood,especiallyfresh-cutbamboo-shootsandmushrooms,countsamongtherealjoysofasimplerurallife.WhiletheChinesepoetshavefranklysungaboutthe“mincedperchandshun-vegetablesoup”oftheirnativehomeinpoemstoexpresstheirhomesicknessinthemostelegantway.Actuallyourloveofmotherlandislargelyamatterofrecollectionofthekeensensualpleasuresofourchildhood.TheloyaltytoUncleSamistheloyaltytoAmericandoughnuts,buttheAmericanswillnotadmitit.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading許多在國外的美國人為他們在家里的火腿和甘薯而嘆息，但他們不會承認(rèn)這讓他們想到了家，也不會把它寫進(jìn)詩中。中國人對待飲食的嚴(yán)肅性可以在許多方面表現(xiàn)出來。任何翻開《紅樓夢》或任何一本中國小說的人，都會被黛玉早餐吃什么或?qū)氂褚瓜允裁吹恼麄€菜單的詳細(xì)而持續(xù)的描述所震撼。沒有一位偉大的英國詩人或作家會屈尊寫一本烹飪書，他們認(rèn)為烹飪不屬于文學(xué)的領(lǐng)域。但偉大的中國詩人和學(xué)者袁枚則寫了一整本關(guān)于烹飪的書，此外還寫了一篇關(guān)于他廚師的精彩文章。ManyAmericanswhileabroadsighfortheirhamandsweetpotatoesathome,buttheywillnotadmitthatthismakesthemthinkofhome,norwilltheyputitintheirpoetry.TheseriousnesswithwhichChineseregardeatingcanbeshowninmanyways.AnyonewhoopensthepagesoftheRedChamberDreamorofanyChinesenovelwillbestruckbythedetailedandconstantdescriptionsoftheentiremenuofwhatTaiyühadforbreakfastorwhatPaoyühadatmidnight.NogreatEnglishpoetorwriterwouldcondescendtowriteaCookBook,whichtheyregardasbelongingoutsidetherealmsofliterature.Butthegreatpoetandscholar,YüanMei,wroteawholebookoncooking,besideswritingamostwonderfulessayonhiscook.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessary.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingamong down during infrontof of to to with with without1MeeSuaPasteisaverypopularandtraditionalsnack______thelocalsinsouthernFujian.TastyMeeSuaPastefeaturesfresh,sweetsoup______themeesuathoroughlycookedbutnotcompletelymushy.Seasonedwithingredients______yourtaste,toppedwithspringonion,celeryandpepper,itisflavourfulandsavoury,andisawonderfulwaytostartanewandrefreshingday.______makepalatableMeeSuaPaste,it’sessentialtogetadelicioussoup.OldMeeSuaPasteshopsareusuallyhanded______fromgenerationtogeneration.Thechefalwaysgetsupasearlyas4a.m.tomakethesweetandclearsoup,whichisprepared______porkbones,driedoysters,driedrazorclamsandsoon.among

with

to

To

down

with

TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessary.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingamong down during infrontof of to to with with without1Accordingtofolklore,theoriginofMeeSuaPastehastodowithafaminethatwasoccurring______thetimewhenagovernmentofficialtravelledincognitotothesouthofChina.HecametoasmallvillageinsouthernFujianandhalted______thesmallcottageofaXiucai(onewhopassedthecountylevelimperialexaminationinancienttimes).Thoughthereisaproverbthatsays“Evenacleverhousewifecannotcookameal______rice,”theXiucai’swifewasmorethanjustclever.Shemadeasoupwiththeleftoverporkbonesandfishbones,andthenaddedbitsofmeesuaandtapiocastarchtoittomakealargebowl______paste.Tastingit,theofficialwasgreatlyimpressed,andthisrecipehasbeenhandeddowneversince.during

infrontof

without

of

TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessary.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading2Rouyan(Fuzhou-stylewonton)andduckeggsoup,also______(know)as“peaceswallowwontonsoup”,isoneofFuzhou’sbest-knownspecialdishes.______(Shape)likeaswallowandmadeofporkwrapperandporkstuffing,Rouyan______(get)anothernameof“swallowwonton”,whileduckeggs______(pronounce)almostthesameas“wardingofftroubles”intheFuzhoudialect,hencethenameofthedish.Thedishisauspiciousbylocalcustomandmostoften______(serve)onjoyousoccasionssuchasweddings,birthdaybanquetsandNewYear’sEve,which______(suppose)tobringpeaceandgoodluck.Thereisevenasayingthat______(go)“TherewouldbenofeastorNewYear’sEvewithoutpeaceswallowwontonSoup”.Symbolicofpeace,fortune,familyreunionandprosperityinFuzhouculture,thedish______more(value)thanthefishball,anotherspeciallocaldishofFuzhou.known

Shaped

gets

arepronounced

served

issupposed

goes

ismorevalued

TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessary.Understanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReading2Thoughshapedlikewonton,Rouyanisdifferentfromordinarywonton.______(Wrap)byapaper-thinsheetmadeofamixtureofpoundedmincedporkandsweetpotatopowderinsteadofflour,Rouyanisdeliciouslysmooth,tenderandnicelychewy,greatly______(love)byFuzhoueseathomeandabroad.Wrapped

loved

TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingIII.Retellthestorymentionedin“DeliciousTreatsfromTurbulentTimes”.IV.SpeakonthefollowingtopicsinEnglish.PleaseselectaliteraryworkwritteninEnglishandshareaparagraphthatdescribesfoodoreatinghabits.PleaseintroduceoneChineseliteraryfigurewhohaswrittenaboutfoodandeating.PleasecompareandcontrastthedifferentattitudestowardfoodandcookingbetweenChineseandforeignliteraryfigures.TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingV.CriticalthinkingBeginbyconductingadetailedsurveyofthefoodandcookingrelateddiscussionsorwritingsofculturedandrefinedforeigners.AnalyzeandcomparetheattitudestowardsfoodandeatingbetweenChineseandforeignintellectuals.Next,carefullyconsiderthefollowingcontention:“Onlyi