全球定位系統(tǒng)及其應(yīng)用綜述導(dǎo)航定位技術(shù)發(fā)展的沿革

全球定位系統(tǒng)及其應(yīng)用綜述導(dǎo)航定位技術(shù)發(fā)展的沿革一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle隨著科技的不斷進步，全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代社會不可或缺的一部分。無論是軍事行動、商業(yè)運營，還是日常生活，我們都可以看到GPS技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用。本文將對全球定位系統(tǒng)及其應(yīng)用進行全面的綜述，并探討導(dǎo)航定位技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程。我們將首先回顧GPS技術(shù)的起源和發(fā)展，然后分析其在各個領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，包括交通運輸、農(nóng)業(yè)、環(huán)境監(jiān)測等。我們還將討論GPS技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點，以及未來可能的發(fā)展趨勢。通過本文的闡述，我們希望能夠為讀者提供一個清晰、全面的視角，以理解GPS技術(shù)的歷史、現(xiàn)狀和未來。Withthecontinuousprogressoftechnology,GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)hasbecomeanindispensablepartofmodernsociety.WecanseethewidespreadapplicationofGPStechnologyinmilitaryoperations,commercialoperations,anddailylife.Thisarticlewillprovideacomprehensiveoverviewofglobalpositioningsystemsandtheirapplications,andexplorethedevelopmentprocessofnavigationandpositioningtechnology.WewillfirstreviewtheoriginanddevelopmentofGPStechnology,andthenanalyzeitsapplicationsinvariousfields,includingtransportation,agriculture,environmentalmonitoring,etc.WewillalsodiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofGPStechnology,aswellaspossiblefuturedevelopmenttrends.Throughtheexplanationinthisarticle,wehopetoprovidereaderswithaclearandcomprehensiveperspectivetounderstandthehistory,currentsituation,andfutureofGPStechnology.二、全球定位系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)原理TheTechnicalPrinciplesofGlobalPositioningSystem全球定位系統(tǒng)（GlobalPositioningSystem，GPS）是一種基于衛(wèi)星的導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，它利用多個衛(wèi)星在地球軌道上發(fā)出的信號，通過測量信號傳輸時間來確定地球上任何一點的精確位置。GPS系統(tǒng)主要由空間部分（GPS衛(wèi)星）、地面控制部分（地面監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)）和用戶部分（GPS信號接收器）三大部分組成。GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)isasatellitebasednavigationsystemthatutilizessignalsemittedbymultiplesatellitesinEarthorbittodeterminetheprecisepositionofanypointonEarthbymeasuringsignaltransmissiontime.TheGPSsystemmainlyconsistsofthreeparts:spacepart(GPSsatellite),groundcontrolpart(groundmonitoringsystem),anduserpart(GPSsignalreceiver).技術(shù)原理上，GPS定位原理是以三角測量定位原理來進行定位的。當(dāng)?shù)孛嬗脩舻腉PS接收機同時接收到3顆以上衛(wèi)星的信號后，通過使用偽距測量或載波相位測量，測算出衛(wèi)星信號到接收機所需要的時間、距離，再結(jié)合各衛(wèi)星所處的位置信息，將衛(wèi)星至用戶的多個等距離球面相交后，即可確定用戶的三維（經(jīng)度、緯度、高度）坐標(biāo)位置以及速度、時間等相關(guān)參數(shù)。Technically,theGPSpositioningprincipleisbasedonthetriangulationpositioningprincipleforpositioning.WhentheGPSreceiverofagrounduserreceivessignalsfromthreeormoresatellitessimultaneously,thetimeanddistancerequiredforthesatellitesignaltoreachthereceiverarecalculatedusingpseudorangemeasurementorcarrierphasemeasurement.Combinedwiththelocationinformationofeachsatellite,multipleequidistantspheresfromthesatellitetotheuserareintersectedtodeterminetheuser'sthree-dimensional(longitude,latitude,altitude)coordinateposition,aswellasrelatedparameterssuchasvelocityandtime.GPS衛(wèi)星會不斷地向地面發(fā)送包含時間和位置信息的無線電信號，這些信號被地面用戶的GPS接收機接收。GPS接收機通過測量從接收到衛(wèi)星信號到當(dāng)前時刻的時間差（即偽距），結(jié)合衛(wèi)星的星歷（衛(wèi)星的位置和時間信息）和大氣傳播模型，可以解算出接收機的三維位置、三維速度以及時間。由于GPS衛(wèi)星分布在全球各地，因此無論用戶身處何地，只要接收到足夠數(shù)量的衛(wèi)星信號，就可以進行定位。GPSsatellitescontinuouslysendradiosignalscontainingtimeandlocationinformationtotheground,whicharereceivedbygroundusers'GPSreceivers.TheGPSreceivercancalculatethethree-dimensionalposition,velocity,andtimeofthereceiverbymeasuringthetimedifference(i.e.pseudorange)fromreceivingsatellitesignalstothecurrenttime,combinedwiththesatellite'sephemeris(positionandtimeinformationofthesatellite)andatmosphericpropagationmodel.DuetothedistributionofGPSsatellitesaroundtheworld,nomatterwheretheuseris,aslongasasufficientnumberofsatellitesignalsarereceived,positioningcanbecarriedout.GPS定位技術(shù)還涉及到一些復(fù)雜的技術(shù)問題，如誤差修正、多路徑效應(yīng)、信號干擾等。為了提高定位精度和可靠性，需要對這些問題進行深入研究，并采取相應(yīng)的技術(shù)措施。GPSpositioningtechnologyalsoinvolvessomecomplextechnicalissues,suchaserrorcorrection,multipatheffects,signalinterference,etc.Inordertoimprovepositioningaccuracyandreliability,itisnecessarytoconductin-depthresearchontheseissuesandtakecorrespondingtechnicalmeasures.全球定位系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)原理是基于衛(wèi)星信號傳輸和三角測量定位原理的，通過不斷的技術(shù)改進和創(chuàng)新，GPS已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代社會不可或缺的重要技術(shù)之一。Thetechnicalprincipleofglobalpositioningsystemisbasedonsatellitesignaltransmissionandtriangulationpositioningprinciple.Throughcontinuoustechnologicalimprovementandinnovation,GPShasbecomeoneoftheindispensableandimportanttechnologiesinmodernsociety.三、全球定位系統(tǒng)的主要類型Themaintypesofglobalpositioningsystems全球定位系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷程中，涌現(xiàn)出了多種主要的定位技術(shù)，每種技術(shù)都有其獨特的優(yōu)勢和適用場景。以下是對幾種主流全球定位系統(tǒng)類型的綜述。Inthedevelopmentprocessofglobalpositioningsystems,variousmajorpositioningtechnologieshaveemerged,eachwithitsuniqueadvantagesandapplicablescenarios.Thefollowingisanoverviewofseveralmainstreamtypesofglobalpositioningsystems.美國全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）：美國全球定位系統(tǒng)是最早發(fā)展并廣泛應(yīng)用的全球定位系統(tǒng)。它由一組分布在地球軌道上的衛(wèi)星、地面控制系統(tǒng)和用戶設(shè)備三部分組成。GPS以其高精度、全天候和全球覆蓋的特性，在軍事、民用等領(lǐng)域均有廣泛應(yīng)用。GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)intheUnitedStates:GPSistheearliestdevelopedandwidelyusedglobalpositioningsystemintheUnitedStates.ItconsistsofasetofsatellitesdistributedinEarthorbit,groundcontrolsystems,anduserequipment.GPSiswidelyusedinmilitary,civilianandotherfieldsduetoitshighprecision,all-weatherandglobalcoveragecharacteristics.俄羅斯全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)（GLONASS）：GLONASS是俄羅斯獨立發(fā)展的全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，與GPS類似，也由衛(wèi)星、地面控制系統(tǒng)和用戶設(shè)備構(gòu)成。GLONASS的建成增強了俄羅斯在全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星領(lǐng)域的地位，并為全球用戶提供了更多的定位選擇。GLONASS:GLONASSisaglobalsatellitenavigationsystemindependentlydevelopedbyRussia.SimilartoGPS,italsoconsistsofsatellites,groundcontrolsystems,anduserequipment.ThecompletionofGLONASShasenhancedRussia'spositioninthefieldofglobalnavigationsatellitesandprovidedmorepositioningoptionsforglobalusers.歐洲伽利略衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)（Galileo）：伽利略衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)是歐洲自主建設(shè)的全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，旨在提供高精度、高可靠性和高安全性的定位服務(wù)。伽利略系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)不僅提升了歐洲在全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星領(lǐng)域的競爭力，也促進了歐洲內(nèi)部的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。GalileoSatelliteNavigationSystem:GalileoSatelliteNavigationSystemisaglobalsatellitenavigationsystemindependentlybuiltbyEurope,aimedatprovidinghigh-precision,highreliability,andhighsecuritypositioningservices.TheconstructionoftheGalileosystemnotonlyenhancesEurope'scompetitivenessinthefieldofglobalnavigationsatellites,butalsopromotestechnologicalinnovationandeconomicdevelopmentwithinEurope.中國北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)（BDS）：中國北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)是中國自主建設(shè)的全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。北斗系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了多個階段，目前已形成完整的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航體系。北斗系統(tǒng)以其高精度、高可靠性和廣泛的覆蓋范圍，在國內(nèi)外得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，為中國在全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星領(lǐng)域贏得了重要地位。ChinaBeidouSatelliteNavigationSystem(BDS):TheChinaBeidouSatelliteNavigationSystemisaglobalsatellitenavigationsystemindependentlyconstructedbyChina.ThedevelopmentoftheBeidousystemhasgonethroughmultiplestagesandhasnowformedacompletesatellitenavigationsystem.TheBeidousystemhasbeenwidelyuseddomesticallyandinternationallyduetoitshighprecision,highreliability,andwidecoverage,winninganimportantpositionforChinainthefieldofglobalnavigationsatellites.隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展，還有一些新興的全球定位系統(tǒng)正在逐步嶄露頭角，如印度的區(qū)域?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)（IRNSS）等。這些系統(tǒng)的建成和發(fā)展，不僅豐富了全球定位系統(tǒng)的類型，也為全球用戶提供了更多的定位選擇和服務(wù)。Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,someemergingglobalpositioningsystemsaregraduallyemerging,suchasIndia'sRegionalNavigationSatelliteSystem(IRNSS).Theconstructionanddevelopmentofthesesystemsnotonlyenrichthetypesofglobalpositioningsystems,butalsoprovidemorepositioningchoicesandservicesforglobalusers.四、全球定位系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域ApplicationFieldsofGlobalPositioningSystem全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）作為一種先進的導(dǎo)航定位技術(shù)，其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域廣泛且深遠(yuǎn)，幾乎涵蓋了所有需要精確位置信息的行業(yè)。以下將詳細(xì)介紹GPS在幾個主要領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS),asanadvancednavigationandpositioningtechnology,hasawideandfar-reachingrangeofapplications,coveringalmostallindustriesthatrequirepreciselocationinformation.ThefollowingwillprovideadetailedintroductiontotheapplicationsofGPSinseveralmajorfields.軍事領(lǐng)域：GPS在軍事領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用是最早且最重要的。它被廣泛用于導(dǎo)航、目標(biāo)定位、導(dǎo)彈精確制導(dǎo)、部隊行軍定位、聯(lián)合軍事演習(xí)等。GPS的高精度和實時性為軍事行動提供了強大的支持。Militaryfield:TheapplicationofGPSinthemilitaryfieldistheearliestandmostimportant.Itiswidelyusedfornavigation,targetpositioning,missileprecisionguidance,troopmarchingpositioning,jointmilitaryexercises,andsoon.Thehighprecisionandreal-timeperformanceofGPSprovidestrongsupportformilitaryoperations.航空航海：在航空和航海領(lǐng)域，GPS的應(yīng)用也是至關(guān)重要的。飛機、船只需要準(zhǔn)確的導(dǎo)航信息以確保安全到達目的地。GPS提供的全球覆蓋和高精度定位使得航空航海更加安全、高效。Aviationandnavigation:Inthefieldofaviationandnavigation,theapplicationofGPSisalsocrucial.Aircraftandshipsrequireaccuratenavigationinformationtoensuresafearrivalattheirdestination.Theglobalcoverageandhigh-precisionpositioningprovidedbyGPSmakeaviationandnavigationsaferandmoreefficient.交通運輸：在交通運輸領(lǐng)域，GPS的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)深入到了各個方面。無論是公路、鐵路、還是水路、航空運輸，GPS都在發(fā)揮著巨大的作用。它可以幫助司機、列車司機、船長等準(zhǔn)確找到目的地，優(yōu)化路線，提高運輸效率。Transportation:Inthefieldoftransportation,theapplicationofGPShaspenetratedintovariousaspects.GPSplaysahugeroleinroad,railway,waterway,andairtransportation.Itcanhelpdrivers,traindrivers,captains,andothersaccuratelyfindtheirdestinations,optimizeroutes,andimprovetransportationefficiency.農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域：在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，GPS技術(shù)也發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。通過GPS，農(nóng)民可以精確地定位農(nóng)田的各個部分，實現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)播種、施肥、灌溉等，大大提高了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的效率和質(zhì)量。Inthefieldofagriculture,GPStechnologyisalsoplayinganincreasinglyimportantrole.ThroughGPS,farmerscanaccuratelylocatevariouspartsofthefarmland,achievepreciseseeding,fertilization,irrigation,etc.,greatlyimprovingtheefficiencyandqualityofagriculturalproduction.科研測量：在科研和測量領(lǐng)域，GPS的高精度定位技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用。無論是地球科學(xué)研究、氣象觀測、還是城市規(guī)劃、建筑工程測量等，GPS都提供了準(zhǔn)確、高效的位置信息服務(wù)。Scientificmeasurement:Inthefieldofscientificresearchandmeasurement,high-precisionpositioningtechnologyofGPSiswidelyused.Whetheritisearthscienceresearch,meteorologicalobservation,urbanplanning,constructionsurveying,etc.,GPSprovidesaccurateandefficientlocationinformationservices.日常生活：除了以上領(lǐng)域，GPS在我們的日常生活中也扮演著重要的角色。智能手機、車載導(dǎo)航、共享單車、無人駕駛汽車等，都離不開GPS技術(shù)的支持。它使得我們的生活更加便利，出行更加高效。Dailylife:Inadditiontotheaboveareas,GPSalsoplaysanimportantroleinourdailylives.Smartphones,carnavigation,sharedbicycles,andautonomousvehiclesallrelyonthesupportofGPStechnology.Itmakesourlivesmoreconvenientandourtravelmoreefficient.全球定位系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域廣泛，幾乎涵蓋了所有需要精確位置信息的領(lǐng)域。隨著技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，GPS的應(yīng)用將會更加深入，更加廣泛，為我們的生活和工作帶來更多的便利和效益。Theapplicationfieldsofglobalpositioningsystemsareextensive,coveringalmostallfieldsthatrequirepreciselocationinformation.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentoftechnology,theapplicationofGPSwillbecomemorein-depthandextensive,bringingmoreconvenienceandbenefitstoourlivesandwork.五、全球定位系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢與挑戰(zhàn)TheDevelopmentTrendsandChallengesofGlobalPositioningSystems隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展，全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）已深入到人類生活的各個領(lǐng)域，從導(dǎo)航、軍事到農(nóng)業(yè)、科研，無所不在。然而，盡管GPS已經(jīng)取得了顯著的成就，但它仍面臨著許多發(fā)展趨勢和挑戰(zhàn)。Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)haspenetratedintovariousfieldsofhumanlife,fromnavigation,militarytoagriculture,scientificresearch,andisubiquitous.However,despitesignificantachievements,GPSstillfacesmanydevelopmenttrendsandchallenges.在發(fā)展趨勢方面，全球定位系統(tǒng)正在向更高精度、更快速度的方向發(fā)展。隨著衛(wèi)星技術(shù)和接收設(shè)備性能的不斷提升，定位精度和速度將進一步提高，為用戶提供更加準(zhǔn)確、及時的位置信息。GPS正逐漸實現(xiàn)與其他定位技術(shù)的融合，如慣性導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位等，以提供更加全面的定位服務(wù)。隨著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)等技術(shù)的發(fā)展，GPS將更好地與這些技術(shù)結(jié)合，實現(xiàn)更加智能化的定位服務(wù)。Intermsofdevelopmenttrends,globalpositioningsystemsaremovingtowardshigheraccuracyandfasterspeed.Withthecontinuousimprovementofsatellitetechnologyandreceivingequipmentperformance,positioningaccuracyandspeedwillbefurtherimproved,providinguserswithmoreaccurateandtimelylocationinformation.GPSisgraduallyintegratingwithotherpositioningtechnologies,suchasinertialnavigationsystemsandwirelessnetworkpositioning,toprovidemorecomprehensivepositioningservices.WiththedevelopmentoftechnologiessuchastheInternetofThingsandbigdata,GPSwillbetterintegratewiththesetechnologiestoachievemoreintelligentpositioningservices.然而，全球定位系統(tǒng)也面臨著諸多挑戰(zhàn)。隨著用戶對定位精度的要求越來越高，如何在復(fù)雜環(huán)境下實現(xiàn)高精度定位成為了一個亟待解決的問題。隨著定位系統(tǒng)的廣泛應(yīng)用，信息安全和隱私保護問題也日益突出。如何在保障定位精度的確保用戶信息的安全和隱私成為了一個亟待解決的問題。隨著全球定位系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，其能源消耗和環(huán)境影響也逐漸受到關(guān)注。如何在保障定位性能的降低能源消耗和減少環(huán)境影響成為了一個重要的挑戰(zhàn)。However,globalpositioningsystemsalsofacemanychallenges.Withtheincreasingdemandforpositioningaccuracyfromusers,howtoachievehigh-precisionpositioningincomplexenvironmentshasbecomeanurgentproblemtobesolved.Withthewidespreadapplicationofpositioningsystems,informationsecurityandprivacyprotectionissuesarebecomingincreasinglyprominent.Howtoensurethesecurityandprivacyofuserinformationwhileensuringpositioningaccuracyhasbecomeanurgentproblemtobesolved.Withthedevelopmentofglobalpositioningsystems,theirenergyconsumptionandenvironmentalimpactaregraduallyreceivingattention.Howtoreduceenergyconsumptionandenvironmentalimpactwhileensuringpositioningperformancehasbecomeanimportantchallenge.全球定位系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展前景廣闊，但仍面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn)。為了應(yīng)對這些挑戰(zhàn)，我們需要不斷創(chuàng)新技術(shù)、完善法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、加強國際合作與交流，以推動全球定位系統(tǒng)技術(shù)的持續(xù)發(fā)展和廣泛應(yīng)用。Thedevelopmentprospectsofglobalpositioningsystemsarebroad,buttheystillfacemanychallenges.Toaddressthesechallenges,weneedtocontinuouslyinnovatetechnology,improveregulationsandstandards,strengtheninternationalcooperationandexchanges,inordertopromotethesustaineddevelopmentandwidespreadapplicationofglobalpositioningsystemtechnology.六、結(jié)論Conclusion全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）及其相關(guān)導(dǎo)航定位技術(shù)的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了漫長的歷史沿革，從最初的軍事應(yīng)用到如今廣泛涉及民用、商業(yè)乃至科研的各個領(lǐng)域，其影響深遠(yuǎn)且持續(xù)。本文綜述了全球定位系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷程，包括其技術(shù)原理、系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成、應(yīng)用情況以及未來的發(fā)展趨勢。ThedevelopmentofGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)anditsrelatednavigationandpositioningtechnologyhasgonethroughalonghistoricalevolution,fromitsinitialmilitaryapplicationtoitswidespreadinvolvementinvariousfieldssuchascivil,commercial,andscientificresearch.Itsimpactisprofoundandsustained.Thisarticleprovidesanoverviewofthedevelopmentprocessofglobalpositioningsystems,includingtheirtechnicalprinciples,systemcomposition,applicationstatus,andfuturedevelopmenttrends.從技術(shù)原理來看，全球定位系統(tǒng)基于三角定位原理，通過多個衛(wèi)星的信號接收和計算，實現(xiàn)了對地面物體的精確定位。這種定位技術(shù)不僅精度高，而且速度快，為現(xiàn)代導(dǎo)航定位技術(shù)的發(fā)展奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。Fromatechnicalperspective,theGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)isbasedontheprincipleoftriangulationandachievesprecisepositioningofgroundobjectsthroughsignalreceptionandcalculationfrommultiplesatellites.Thispositioningtechnologynotonlyhashighaccuracybutalsofastspeed,layingasolidfoundationforthedevelopmentofmodernnavigationpositioningtechnology.在系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成方面，全球定位系統(tǒng)由空間部分、地面控制部分和用戶部分三大部分組成。其中，空間部分的衛(wèi)星網(wǎng)絡(luò)是全球定位系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)，地面控制部分負(fù)責(zé)衛(wèi)星的監(jiān)控和管理，用戶部分則通過接收和處理衛(wèi)星信號實現(xiàn)定位。這種結(jié)構(gòu)使得全球定位系統(tǒng)具有高度的靈活性和可擴展性。Intermsofsystemcomposition,theglobalpositioningsystemconsistsofthreemainparts:thespacepart,thegroundcontrolpart,andtheuserpart.Amongthem,thesatellitenetworkinthespacepartisthefoundationoftheglobalpositioningsystem,thegroundcontrolpartisresponsibleforsatellitemonitoringandmanagement,andtheuserpartachievespositioningbyreceivingandprocessingsatellitesignals.Thisstructuremakesglobalpositioningsystemshighlyflexibleandscalable.在應(yīng)用情況方面，全球定位系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于軍事、交通、氣象、農(nóng)業(yè)、科研等領(lǐng)域。在軍事領(lǐng)域，全球定位系統(tǒng)為導(dǎo)彈、飛機、艦船等提供了精確的導(dǎo)航和定位服務(wù)；在交通領(lǐng)域，全球定位系統(tǒng)為車輛、船舶等提供了導(dǎo)航、路徑規(guī)劃、位置追蹤等服務(wù)；在氣象、農(nóng)業(yè)和科研領(lǐng)域，全球定位系統(tǒng)也發(fā)揮了重要作用。Intermsofapplication,globalpositioningsystemshavebeenwidelyusedinmilitary,transportation,meteorology,agriculture,scientificresearchandotherfields.Inthemilitaryfield,globalpositioningsy