2023人教版新教材高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第四冊(cè)同步練習(xí)-UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION

UNIT3SEAEXPLORATION

單元達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)

（滿分:120分;時(shí)間:100分鐘）

第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Peoplearealwaysfullofimaginationaboutthedeepandmysterioussea.However,thewatersknownas

theseaarenotalltheendlessseasaswethink,ormaybebeautifulormagnificentlakes.

TheAralSea

TheAralSeaisaninlandlakethatliestothenorthofUzbekistanandtothesouthofKazakhstan.Its

nameIiterany（按字面）means“theseaofislands“intheTurkiclanguages.

Thus,itsnamereferstothemanyislandsthatdotteditinthepast.AlthoughtheAralSeaoccupiedavast

areaofabout68,000squarekmforalongperiodoftime,it'sbelievedtobelessthan10%ofitsoriginalsize.

TheCaspianSea

TheCaspianSeaisalsoaninlandlake.Oftenregardedasthelargestlakeintheworld,theCaspianSeais

locatedbetweenthecontinentsofAsiaandEurope.TheCaspianSeaisanenclosedwaterbody.Itiscalledthe

“sea"probablybecauseofitsmassivesizeofabout386,400squarekmanditssaltiness.

TheSaltonSea

LocatedinCalifornia,theUS,theSaltonSeaisariftlakethatissaline（咸的）innature.

Severalrivers,creeks,agriculturalrunoff,anddrainagesystemsfeedthislake.TheSaltonSea

encompasses（覆蓋）anareaofabout890squarekm,makingitthelargestlakeinCalifornia.

TheSeaofGalilee

TheSeaofGalileeisafreshwaterlakewith"sea"initsname.Itoccupiesanareaof166squarekmin

Israel.Itisthesecond-lowestlakeintheworldaftertheDeadSeawiththesurfaceelevation430.5

metresbelowsealevel.TheJordanRiveristheprimarysourceofwaterfortheSeaofGalilee.Underground

springsalsofeedwatertothelake.

LWhichisthesecondlargestofthefourlakes?

A.TheAralSea.B.TheCaspianSea.

C.TheSaltonSea.D.TheSeaofGalilee.

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.TheAralSeabelongstoTurkey.

B.ThelocationoftheSaltonSeaisCalifornia,theUS.

C.TheCaspianSeaislocatedbetweenthecontinentsofAfricaandEurope.

D.TheprimarysourceofwaterfortheSeaofGalileeisundergroundsprings.

3.Whoisprobablyinterestedinthistext?

A.Astudentwhomajorsinhistory.

B.Someonethatresearchesbiology.

C.Apersonwholikesgeography.

D.Aboywholovessurfing.

B

Theworldwillhavetostartthinkingseriouslytosaveitscoralreefs.Coralsarecomebackcreatures.As

thesealevelroseandfellover30,000years,Australia'sGreatBarrierReef,roughlythesizeofItaly,diedand

revivedfivetimes.Butnow,thankstohumanactivities,coralsfacethemostcomplexconditionstheyhaveyet

hadtodealwith.

AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,ariseinglobaltemperatureof1.5℃

abovepre-industriallevelcouldcausecoralreefstodeclineby70%一90%.Theplanetisabout1℃hotter

thanthatinthe19thcenturyanditsseasarebecomingwarmer,stormierandmoreacidic.Thisisalready

affectingrelationsbetweencoralsandthesingle-celledalgae（藻類）withwhichtheylivetogether,and

whichgivethemtheircolour.Whenwatersbecomeunusuallywarm,coralspushthealgaeout,leavingreefs

ghostlywhite,whichishappeningfivetimesasoftenasitdidinthe1970s.Meanwhilethechanging

chemistryoftheoceanslowerstheabundanceofcarbonateions（碳酸鹽離子）,makingitharderforcoralsto

formtheirskeletons（骨骼）.

Ifcoralsgo,diversandoceanbiologistsarenottheonlypeoplewhowillmissthem.Reefstakeuponly

onepercentoftheseafloor,butsupportaquarteroftheplanet,sfishdiversity.Thefishthatreefsshelterare

especiallyvaluabletotheirpooresthumanneighbours,manyofwhomdependonthemasasourceofprotein.

IntheCoralTriangle,anareaofwaterstretchingacrossSoutheastAsiaandintothePacificwhichishometo

three-quartersofknowncoralspecies,morethan130millionpeoplerelyonreefsforfoodandfortheir

livelihoodinfishingandtourism.

4.Whatcausescoralreefstodecline?

A.Waterpollution.B.Seatourism.

C.Fewspecies.D.Thetemperaturerise.

5.Whatwillaffectthecolourofcorals?

A.Thesingle-celledalgae.

B.Theabundanceofcarbonateions.

C.Theplanet'sfishdiversity.

D.Thechangingchemistryoftheoceans.

6.Wherecanweprobablyreadthepassage?

A.Atravelbrochure.

B.Aliteraturewebsite.

C.Asciencejournal.

D.Ahistoricalfiction.

7.Whatwillthefollowingparagraphprobablytalkabout?

A.Advantagesofcoralreefs.

B.Measurestosavecoralreefs.

C.Effectsofcoralreefdecline.

D.Reasonswhycoralreefsdecline.

C

AnewstudyshowsthattheincreasedheatfromArCtiCd匕極的）riversismakingseaiceintheArctic

Oceangraduallydisappear.ThestudypublishedthisweekinScienceAdvanceswasledbytheJapanAgency

forMarine-EarthScienceandTechnology,togetherwithscientistsintheUnitedStates,theUnitedArab

Emirates,FinlandandCanada.

Accordingtotheresearch,themainArcticriversbringmoreheattotheArcticOceanthantheydidin

1980.RiverheatisoneofthereasonsthatcauseseaicelossoftheArcticOcean.Thatlossisequaltoabout

120,000squaremilesof1-meter-thickice.??IfAlaskawerecoveredby1-meter-thickice,20%ofitwould

begone,“explainedIgorPolyakov,aresearcherattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks*InternationalArctic

ResearchCenter.

Rivershavethegreatestinfluenceduringspring.ThewarmwaterpoursdowntheicecoveringtheArctic

Oceanandspreadsbelowtheice,slowlydestroyingit.Oncetheseaicemelts,thewarmwatermakesthe

temperaturegoup.Theresearchfoundthatmuchmoreriverheatenergyenteredtheair.Aircirculates,and

thismeansriverheatcaninfluenceareasoftheArcticfarfromriverdeltas（三角洲）.

TheinfluenceisthemostPrOminentintheSiberianArctic,whereseverallargeriversgointotheArctic

Ocean.Canada,sMackenzieRiveristheonlyriverlargeenoughtocontributetotheseaicemeltnearAlaska,

butthestate'ssmallerriversarealsoasourceofheat.Polyakovsaysthatrisingglobalairtemperatureswill

continuetowarmArcticriversinthefuture.Asriversheatup,morewarmwaterwillflowintotheArctic

Ocean,meltingmoreseaice.

8.WhatdoestheincreasedheatfromArcticriverscause?

A.DryweatherintheArctic.

B.AstrangediseaseintheArctic.

C.ThegraduallossofseaiceintheArcticOcean.

D.ThedeathoffishintheArcticOcean.

9.WhatcanweIeamfromParagraph2?

A.Alaskawilldisappear.

B.There'smoreandmoreseaiceintheArcticOcean.

C.10%oftheseaiceintheArcticOceanmeltseachday.

D.ArcticriversbringmoreheattotheArcticOcean.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prominent“inParagraph4mean?

A.Obvious.BJmportant.C.Famous.D.Generous.

1LWhatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ArcticRiversWillDisappear

B.ArcticRiversAreMeltingtheArcticSeaIce

C.ArcticRiversWillCreateaNewRiverDelta

D.ArcticRiversBringMoreSeaAnimalstotheArcticOcean

D

EscapingPredatorS（食肉動(dòng)物）,digestionandotheranimalactivities-includingthoseofhumans一

requireoxygen.Butthatessentialingredientisnolongersoeasyformarinelifetoobtain,severalnewstudies

reveal.

Inthepastdecadeoceanoxygenlevelshavetakenadive-analarmingtrendthatislinkedtoclimate

change,saysAndreasOschlies,anoceanographerattheGEOMARHelmholtzCentreforOceanResearch

KielinGermany,whoseteamtracksoceanoxygenlevelsworldwide.??Wearesurprisedbytheintensityofthe

changeswesee,howrapidlythecontentofoxygenisgoingdownintheoceanandhowlargetheeffectson

themarineecosystemare,“hesays.Itisnosurprisetoscientiststhatwarmingoceansarelosingoxygen,but

thescaleofthedropcallsforurgentattention.Oceanoxygenlevelsinsometropical（熱帶的）regionshave

droppedbyanastonishing40percentinthelast50years,somerecentstudiesreveal.Levelshavedropped

lesssignificantlyelsewhere,withanaveragelossof2percentglobally.

Awarmingoceanlosesoxygenfortworeasons:First,thewarmertheliquidbecomes,thelessgasitcan

hold.Thatiswhycarbonateddrinksgoflatfasterwhenleftinthesun.Second,aspolarseaicemelts,itforms

alayerofwaterabovethecolder,saltierseawater.Thisprocesscreatesasortoflidthatcankeepcurrents

frommixingsurfacewaterwiththewaterinthedepths.Andbecausealloxygenentersthesurface,less

mixingmeanslessofitinthedepths.

Oceananimals,largeandsmall,however,respondtoevenslightchangesinoxygenbyseekingrefuge（Jtt

護(hù)）inzoneswiththehigheroxygencontentorbyadjustingbehavior,Oschliesandothersinhisfieldhave

found.Theseadjustmentscanexposeanimalstonewpredatorsorforcethemintofood-scarceregions.

Climatechangealreadyposesseriousproblemsformarinelife,suchasoceanacidification（酸化）,but

deoxygenationisthemostpressingissuefacingseaanimalstoday,Oschliessays.uAftera∏,“hesays,?4they

allhavetobreathe.”

Asidefromfoodwebproblems,animalsfacevariousotherphysiologicalchallengesastheirbodiesadjust

toloweroxygenlevels.ChineseShrimPS（蝦）movetheirtailslessvigorouslytopreserveenergyinlower

oxygenenvironments.Somecreatures,suchasjellyfishes,aremoretolerantofthelowoxygencontentthan

others.Butallanimalswillfeeltheimpactofdeoxygenationbecausetheyallhaveevolvedtheiroxygen

capacityforareason,saysOschlies.??Anydropinoxygenisgoingtodamagesurvivabilityandperformance,,,

hesays.

12.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,whatworriesscientiststhemost?

A.Theworseningdeoxygenationinthewarmingocean.

B.Thesurvivalofpredatorsandvariousothermarineanimals.

C.Thealarminglychangeableoxygenlevelsintheocean.

D.Thelackofattentiontothewarmingoftropicaloceans.

13.Whichofthefollowingisareasonfortheoxygenlossintheocean?

A.Themeltofthepolariceconsumesmuchoxygenintheocean.

B.Globalwarmingreducestheamountofoxygenintheair.

C.Thepolaricewateronthesurfacepreventsoxygengoingdown.

D.Saltywaterholdslessgasintheincreasinglywarmerocean.

14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Oceandeoxygenationchangessomeanimals1naturalterritories.

B.Oceanacidificationisamoreseriousproblemthandeoxygenation.

C.Notalloceananimalsaredisturbedbythedecreasingoxygenlevels.

D.Someanimalsreducetheirmovementsinordertoabsorbmoreoxygen.

15.Wheredoesthepassagemostprobablycomefrom?

A.Abiologytextbook.

B.Arealisticnovel.

C.Abookreview.

D.AScientificjournal.

第二節(jié)（共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

AslongasWehavebeenonearth,Wehaveusedtheseaaroundus.Wetakethingsfromthesea,andwe

shouldgivethingstoit.

Wetakefishfromthesea—millionsofkilogramsoffish,everyyear—tofeedbillionsofpeople.16

Wetakemineralsfromthesea.Onewaytogetsaltistoplaceseawaterinashallowbasinandleaveituntilit

evaporates（蒸發(fā)）.17Muchgoldandsilverdissolve（溶解）inthewaterofthesea,too.Buttheseadoes

notgivethemupbysimpleevaporation.Othergiftsfromtheseaarepearls,spongesandseaweed.Pearls

becomejewelry.18Seaweedbecomesmanykindsoffoods-evencandyandicecream-aswellas

medicine.Believeitornot,freshwaterisanothergiftfromthesea.Wecannotdrinkseawater.19But

seawaterbecomesfreshwaterwhenthesaltandotherimpuritiesareremoved.Inthefuture,wewillfind

ourselvesdependingmoreandmoreonfreshwaterfromthesea.

Theseagivesusfood,fertilizer,minerals,water,andothergifts.WhatdoWegivetothesea?Garbage._

20Hugeasitis,theseacannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit.Dumpinggarbageintotheseais

killingoffsealife.Yetastheworldpopulationgrows,wemayneedtheseaanditsgiftsmorethanever.

Wearefinallylearningthatifwedestroyoursea,Wemightalsodestroyourselves.Hopefully,itisnot

toolate.

A.Naturalspongesbecomecleaningaids.

B.Wepollutetheseawhenweuseitasagarbagedump.

C.Theareaoftheseaisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.

D.Alongwithsalt,othermineralsareleftafterevaporation.

E.Weevenusetheirbonesforfertilizer.

F.Someofitsingredientsmaycauseillness.

G.Wetakealotfromtheseaandgivelittletothesea.

16.17.18.19.20.

第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Myjourneytoisolation（隔離）wassomewhataccidental.

Isawanadvertisementforajobasaleaderforanexpedition（探險(xiǎn)）toAntarctica-andIhaveto21

itwasthepenguinintheadthat22myattention.Theadnotedthattheywerelookingforsomeoneto

leada23ofexpeditionersinoneofthemost24andisolatedplacesontheplanet.Itookpartinan_

25andthengotajobthatIknewIwouldregretifIdidn't26it.Leading18strangersforafullyear一

throughmonthsofdarknessandwithno27fromthefreezingcold-Ilearnedsome28lessons.

Afterthejourney,Iwrotetwobest-sellingbooksandbecameamotivationalspeaker.Beinginisolation

meantIhadtodolotsofself29.1kepta30,andeverydayIwouldthink31ofhowIhad

operatedasaleader.Thatdisciplineof32myselftaughtmehowtotellrightfromwrong.

Ioftenthinkbackto33Isawthepictureofthepenguinthat34metolookattheadforthejob.

It,samomentthat35mylifecompletely.

21.A.admitB.believe

C.indicateD.realize

22.A.demandedB.deserved

C.caughtD.needed

23.A.kindB.sum

C.teamD.piece

24.A.awfulB.remote

C.promisingD.disturbing

25.A.experimentBJnterview

C.election0.investigation

26.A.makeforB.preparefor

C.registerforD.gofor

27.A.escapeB.departure

C.protection0.direction

28.A.hardB.powerful

C.privateD.terrible

29.A.serviceB.repair

C.studyD.reflection

30.A.petB.secret

Cjournal0.promise

31.A.clearlyB.carefulIy

C.highlyD.badly

32.A.evaluatingB.forgiving

C.behavingD.enjoying

33.A.whereB.why

C.whenD.how

34.A.enabledB.permitted

C.allowed0.inspired

35.A.improved

B.formed

C.ended

D.changed

第二節(jié)（共10小題:每小題1.5分,滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

TheyoungPerceBlackborow36(desperate)anticipatedanadventure.37(join)theexpedition,

hesecretlyhidhimselfinacupboardafterSirEmestShackletonturneddownhisrequest.Astheyapproached

Antarctica,theshipEndurancegot38(stick)intheice.Theyhadtoabandontheshipandreachedthe

uninhabitedElephantIsland.Later,theygotintoadifficultsituation39theywerecrowdedtogether

underaboatontherockyshoreofthemiserableplace.Toseekhelp,Shackletondeparted,40(lead)a

teaminalifeboat.Fortheremainingcrew,stayingalivetookalltheirtimeandenergy.Whiletheywerebored

41allmeatofseacreatures,theyknewif42hadn'tbeenforseaanimals,theywouldallhavestarved.

Itwasfourmonthsbeforetheywerefinallyrescued.ItwasShackleton'sperseveranceand43(commit)

thatsavedthemfromaslowbut44(pain)death.Theexpedition45(consider)asuccessfulfailureat

thattime.

36.37.38.39.40.

41.42.43.44.45.

第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分1

第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

假定你是李華,你從網(wǎng)上得知某海洋館正在招聘兼職英語(yǔ)解說(shuō)員,你很感興趣。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)

提示給負(fù)責(zé)人寫一封信,申請(qǐng)?jiān)撀毼弧?/p>

1.表明寫信的目的；

2.闡述申請(qǐng)理由；

3.期待回復(fù)。

注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯:解說(shuō)員narrator

DearSir/Madam,

Yours,

LiHua

第二節(jié)(滿分25分)

閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Balthazarismypride.ItisaFrenchbrasserie(?tg)inNewYorkCity.Ihaverunitfortwentyyears.

Thoughitisintendedtoattractpeoplefromallwalksoflife,mostofitsregularcustomersarethosewhowork

inthecompaniesalongsideWallStreet.

OnenightatBalthazar,fourWallStreetbusinessmenorderedtherestaurant'smostexpensiveredwine:a

bottleofChateauMoutonRothschild,themostfamousbrandofBordeaux,whichwasworth$2,000.Oneof

thetwowaiterstransferredtheBordeauxintoafancyglasscontaineratthewaiter'scounter.

Meanwhile,ayoungcoupleorderedtherestaurant'scheapestredwine,an$18PinotNoir.Usually,

peoplewhoorderedthePinotNoirpouredthewinedirectlyintotheirglasses,butthiscoupleinsistedthewine

bepouredintoafancyglasscontainerbeforetheydrank.

Thesetwoverydifferentwineswerenowinthesamecontainers.

Mistakingthe$18PinotNoirforthe$2,000Rothschild,thefirstwaiterpouredthecheapwineforthe

businessmen.Thebusinessmantreatingtheotherthreeconsideredhimselfawineexpert.Hetookatasteof

thecheapwinefirst,andshowingoff,heburstintodelightaboutitspurity.??Fantastic!,,heclaimed.

Theyoungcouple,whoorderedthe$18PinotNoir,werethenunintentionallyservedthe$2,000

Rothschildbythesecondwaiter.Ontakingtheirfirstdrinkofwhattheybelievedwasthecheapwine,they

jokinglypretendedtobedrinkinganexpensivewineandcopiedallthebehaviorsofawineexpert,shakingthe

wineglasses,observingtheliquidinsideandtastingitslowly,totallyfascinated.

Fiveminuteslater,thetwowaitersdiscoveredtheirerror,andhorrified,phonedmeathome.

注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

Paragraph1:

Irushedintomyrestaurant^

Paragraph2:

Aftercomfortingthewaiters,Iwalkeddirectlytowardsthebusinessmenwitha$2,000Rothschild.

答案與解析

UNIT3SEAEXPLORATION

第一部分閱讀

第4≠r一-”M-

A

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)被稱為海洋的湖泊。

1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheAralSea中的“avastareaofabout68,000...itsoriginalsize”可知,咸海占據(jù)不

到68,000平方公里的10%,也就是說(shuō)它的面積不到6,800平方公里;又根據(jù)TheCaspianSea中的“sizeof

about386,400squarekm”、TheSaltonSea中的“anareaofabout890squarekm”和TheSeaofGalilee中的

“anareaof166squarekm”可知,面積第二大的是咸海(TheAralSea)o故選Ao

2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheSaltonSea中的“LocatedinCalifornia,theUS...innature.”可知,索爾頓湖位于

美國(guó)加利福尼亞州。故選B。

3.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However,thewatersknownastheseaarenotalltheendless

seas...magnificentlakes.”以及下文介紹的幾個(gè)被稱為海洋的湖泊可知,本文介紹的是有關(guān)海洋、湖泊等

地理方面的知識(shí).故可推斷出喜歡地理的人會(huì)對(duì)該文章感興趣。故選C0

B

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了全球氣溫的上升導(dǎo)致珊瑚礁數(shù)量的減少以及珊瑚礁的減少

對(duì)人類的影響。

4.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“ariseinglobaltemperatureof1.5℃...declineby70%—90%”可知,全球

氣溫上升導(dǎo)致珊瑚礁數(shù)量減少。故選D。

5.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thisisalreadyaffectingrelations...whichgivethemtheirColOUr.”可知,

單細(xì)胞藻類賦予了珊瑚蟲顏色.也就是說(shuō)珊瑚蟲的顏色是由單細(xì)胞藻類影響的。故選Ao

6.C推理判斷題。文章講述了全球氣溫的上升導(dǎo)致了珊瑚礁的減少以及珊瑚礁的減少對(duì)人類的影響，

因此本文很可能來(lái)自科學(xué)期刊。故選C

7.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)線索:全球氣溫上升一珊瑚礁數(shù)量下降一對(duì)魚類多樣性以及人類生活產(chǎn)生影響,

故可推斷接下來(lái)作者很可能討論解決方案或應(yīng)對(duì)策略及措施。故選Bo

C

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明,北極河流的熱量上升正在導(dǎo)致北冰洋的海冰逐漸消融。

8.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Anewstudy...graduallydisappear.”可知匕極河流的熱量上升導(dǎo)致北

冰洋的海冰逐漸消融。故選C。

9.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知相比1980年,北極的主要河流給北冰洋帶來(lái)了更多的熱量.

故選D。

10.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段的描述可知,北極河流的熱量上升導(dǎo)致北冰洋的海冰逐漸消融:根據(jù)畫

線單詞后面的內(nèi)容可知,在西伯利亞北極地區(qū),有幾條大河流入北冰洋。因?yàn)楸睒O河流的熱量使」版海

冰融化,而西伯利亞北極地區(qū)有好幾條大河流入北冰洋,所以在西伯利亞北極地區(qū),河流對(duì)北冰洋海冰的

影響是明顯的,prominent意為"明顯的”,故選A0

ILB主旨大意題。閱讀文章首句再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知本文主要介紹了北極河流正在融化北極海冰的

情況?！氨睒O河流正在融化北極海冰”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。

D

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章指出,海洋氧含量下降是一個(gè)與氣候變化相關(guān)的令人擔(dān)憂的趨勢(shì)。

12.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段后三句可知,對(duì)于科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō),變暖的海洋正在失去氧氣并不奇怪,但下降

的幅度需要引起人們的注意。研究表明,在過(guò)去的50年里.一些熱帶地區(qū)的海洋氧含量下降了驚人的

40%,其他地區(qū)的降幅較小,全球平均降幅為2%。所以.科學(xué)家最擔(dān)心的是變暖的海洋中日益惡化的脫氧

現(xiàn)象。故選A。

13.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段說(shuō)明了變暖的海洋缺氧的兩點(diǎn)原因,分別是:一、液體溫度越高,它能容納的

氣體就越少;二、當(dāng)極地海冰融化時(shí),它會(huì)在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一層水。這個(gè)過(guò)程會(huì)形成一種類

似蓋子的東西,它可以防止水流將表面的水與海洋深處的水混合。因?yàn)樗械难鯕舛歼M(jìn)入表面,所以較

少的混合就意味著海洋深處的氧含量更少。所以表面的極地冰水阻止氧氣下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。

故選C。

14.A推理判斷題。由第四段前兩句可知QSehIieS和他所在領(lǐng)域的其他人發(fā)現(xiàn),無(wú)論大小,海洋動(dòng)物對(duì)

氧氣的微小變化都有反應(yīng),它們?cè)谘鹾枯^高的區(qū)域?qū)で蟊幼o(hù)或調(diào)整行為。這些調(diào)整可能使動(dòng)物暴露在

新的食肉動(dòng)物面前,或迫使它們進(jìn)入食物匱乏的地區(qū)。所以海洋氧含量減少迫使動(dòng)物離開自己的棲息地,

去氧氣含量較高的地區(qū)尋求庇護(hù)。故推斷出海洋脫氧改變了一些動(dòng)物的自然領(lǐng)域。故選A。

15.D推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,文章說(shuō)明了海洋氧含量下降是一個(gè)與氣候變化有關(guān)的令人擔(dān)憂的趨

勢(shì),還說(shuō)明了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及其對(duì)海洋生物的影響。所以文章主要是圍繞著海洋氧含量下降

而展開的。而這屬于科學(xué)的范疇,所以可推測(cè)出該文很可能來(lái)自科學(xué)期刊。

第一"P

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了我們?cè)絹?lái)越依賴海洋的資源,但是我們卻不斷地污染海

洋,作者希望人們減少海洋污染。

16.E根據(jù)空前句可知,我們每年從海洋中撈取數(shù)百萬(wàn)千克的魚,來(lái)養(yǎng)活數(shù)十億人。由此推斷空處講述

海洋中的魚對(duì)人類的好處,故選E項(xiàng)。倒數(shù)第二段提到的fertilizer也是對(duì)此處的提示。

17.D根據(jù)空前兩句可知,人們從海洋中提取礦物,一種方式是通過(guò)蒸發(fā)海水獲得鹽,故D項(xiàng)承接上文關(guān)

于從海水中獲得鹽的描述,符合題意。故選D。

18.A根據(jù)空前兩句可知,來(lái)自海洋的其他禮物是珍珠、海綿和海藻。珍珠可以被制成珠寶,空后句說(shuō)

海藻可以被制成多種食物（甚至糖果和冰激凌）以及藥品。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)講海綿的用途。結(jié)合選項(xiàng),A項(xiàng)符

合題意。故選A。

19.F根據(jù)空前句可知.人不能喝海水,而空后句表明去掉海水中的鹽和其他雜質(zhì)就能得到淡水?？仗?/p>

應(yīng)該承接上文,講喝海水的不良影響,F項(xiàng)符合題意。故選Fo

20.B本段主要講述了人們對(duì)海洋的污染。根據(jù)空前兩句可知.人們給海洋帶來(lái)了垃圾,污染了海洋,B

項(xiàng)承上啟下,符合題意。故選B。

第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用

第4≠r一-”M-

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇記敘文,講了作者帶領(lǐng)探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)員去南極洲探險(xiǎn).度過(guò)了數(shù)月的嚴(yán)寒和黑暗。

2LA根據(jù)最后一段中的“…Isawthepictureofthepenguinthat34metolookattheadforthejob."可

知,作者看到企鵝的照片之后才看到工作的廣告,由此可知,作者承認(rèn)是招聘廣告中的企鵝照片引起了他

的注意。故選A。

22.C根據(jù)最后一段中的”...metolookattheadforthejob.”可知,此處表示引起了“我”的注意。故選C0

23.Ckind種類;SUm金額;team隊(duì),組;PieCe塊。根據(jù)第二段中的“Leading18StrangerS…”可知,18個(gè)人應(yīng)

為一隊(duì)。故選C。

24.B根據(jù)本段首句“Isawanadvertisementforajobasaleaderforanexpedition（探險(xiǎn)）toAntaretiCa…''可

知,作者看到一則招聘南極洲探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)領(lǐng)隊(duì)的廣告,而南極洲是地球上最偏遠(yuǎn)的地方之一。古攵選Bo

25.B根據(jù)上文的“Itookpartin”以及下文的“andthengotajob”可知,作者參加了面試,然后得到了工作。

故選B。

26.D根據(jù)第三段的“Afterthejourney”可知作者得到了這份去南極洲的工作。由此推斷出“我知道如

果我不去做,我會(huì)后悔的。”故選D。

27.A上文提及“monthsofdarkness”可知,南極洲處于黑暗狀態(tài),是非常寒冷的,此處指無(wú)法擺脫寒冷。

故選A。

28.B根據(jù)第三段首句可知,探險(xiǎn)歸來(lái)后,作者成了一名勵(lì)志演說(shuō)家。故作者在探險(xiǎn)過(guò)程中,學(xué)到了很多

有影響力的教訓(xùn)。故選B。

29.D根據(jù)下文的“everydayIwouldthink31ofhowIhadoperatedasaIeader”可知膈離意味著必須

做大量的自我反省。古嬤E

30.C上文提及作者探險(xiǎn)歸來(lái)后.寫了兩本暢銷書并成了一名勵(lì)志演說(shuō)家,在隔離期間做了大量的自我

反省。根據(jù)下文“andeverydayIwouldthink...asaIeader”可知,作者每天都會(huì)進(jìn)行自我反省。所以這里

用keptajournal表示'寫日記”,符合語(yǔ)境。故選Co

31.B根據(jù)下文的“howIhadoperatedasaIeader”可知作為探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)的領(lǐng)隊(duì)作者做每一ZiS夬策都要仔細(xì)

地思考。故選B。

32.A上文提到作者在探險(xiǎn)中做大量的自我反思以及寫日記等,這些工作有利于作者自我評(píng)價(jià)。故選A0

33.C根據(jù)下文的“星SamOment”可知,作者回憶的是看到招聘廣告的那個(gè)時(shí)候。故選C。

34.D第二段提及作者承認(rèn)是廣告中企鵝的照片吸引了他的注意。由此推斷出廣告上的企鵝圖片激發(fā)

了作者對(duì)招聘廣告的興趣。故選D。

35.D根據(jù)文章開頭,作者完全是因?yàn)榕既豢吹搅四莿t招聘廣告,然后才踏上探險(xiǎn)之旅。作者探險(xiǎn)歸來(lái)

后,寫了兩本暢銷書并成了一名勵(lì)志演說(shuō)家。故就在看到廣告的那一刻,作者的生活徹底地改變了。故

選D。

?第≠r一------”-b+-

◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為記敘文,講述了Shackleton所帶領(lǐng)的船隊(duì)在探險(xiǎn)時(shí)遇到了危險(xiǎn),在Shackleton的堅(jiān)持

不懈和奉獻(xiàn)下大家最終得救了。

36.desperately考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞anticipated需要用副詞。故填desperately。

37.Tojoin考查不定式。句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hid,所以join要以非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意可知,此

處表達(dá)“為了加入探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)”,故用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填Tojoin0

38.stuck考查過(guò)去分詞。主句主語(yǔ)theshipEndurance和StiCk為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用“get+過(guò)去分詞”表示被

動(dòng)。故填StUCk(J