Unit+2+Be+Sporty,Be+Healthy+導(dǎo)學(xué)案二 高中英語(yǔ)譯林版（2020）必修第二冊(cè)

第二冊(cè)Unit2Besporty,behealthy課時(shí)練二Grammar現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(1)肯定式：am/is/are

+

being

+

doneAnother

bridge

is

being

built

over

the

river

at

present.

目前江上正在建造另一座大橋。

Wecan’ttakethisroadfortheroadisbeingrepairednow．我們不能走這條路，因?yàn)檫@條路正在修建。(2)否定式：am/is/are

+

not

+

being

+

doneAreyourclothesbeingwashedinthewashingmachine?你的衣服正在洗衣機(jī)里洗著嗎？The

animals

are

not

being

set

free

at

present.

目前這些動(dòng)物還不能被放出。(3)疑問(wèn)式：疑問(wèn)詞

+

am/is/are

+

(主語(yǔ))

+

being

+

done？What

is

being

done

to

the

machine?

現(xiàn)在對(duì)這臺(tái)機(jī)器要采取什么措施？

Howmanybuildingsarebeingbuiltinthetown?在這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)里有多少建筑物在建設(shè)？現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(1)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)/此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作。Look!Thewaterisbeingturnedintosteam.瞧！水正在變成蒸汽。

He

is

being

interviewed

by

our

headmaster

now.

他正在接受我們校長(zhǎng)的采訪。

(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，但此動(dòng)作不一定在此時(shí)此刻發(fā)生。A

modern

school

is

being

built

in

our

hometown.The

disease

is

being

studied

by

scientists.

科學(xué)家們正在研究這種疾病。

(3)表示一種經(jīng)常性的被動(dòng)行為，常與always,constantly等副詞連用，往往帶有夸獎(jiǎng)、羨慕、埋怨、討厭等感情色彩。He

is

always

being

praised

by

the

teacher.他總是受到老師的表?yè)P(yáng)。Ifeelveryamazedthattheglassesofourlivingroomarefrequentlybeingbroken．我感到非常吃驚的是我們起居室的玻璃杯經(jīng)常被打破?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題(1)不可遺漏being?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，如果我們把being漏掉，即成為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Look!Thechildrenarebeingtakencareofbytheiraunt．瞧！那些孩子正由他們的姑媽照看著。(指現(xiàn)在正在被進(jìn)行的情況)Childrenaretakengoodcareofatschool．孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校被照看得很好。(指通常情況)(2)“be＋under/in等介詞＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的含義。Theproblemisunderdiscussion(isbeingdiscussed)atthemeeting.這個(gè)問(wèn)題正在會(huì)上討論。Thetelephoneisinuse(=isbeingused)now.這部電話正在使用中。(3)takecareof,lookafter,talkabout,thinkof等動(dòng)詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其中的介詞不可省略。Thequestionisbeingtalkedaboutinthemeetingroom.這個(gè)問(wèn)題正在會(huì)議室里討論。(4)一些表示情況、狀態(tài)或存在的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))(sell,become,wear,wash,happen,succeed,takeplace,takepartin,disappear等)，沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thebooksellswell.這本書賣得很好。Footballislovedbymoreandmorepeople.足球被越來(lái)越多的人喜愛(ài)。(5)注意不可忽視“現(xiàn)階段”現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也可表示目前這一階段正在進(jìn)行的一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。Manyinterestingexperimentsarebeingcarriedoutthesedays.如今許多有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn)正在被進(jìn)行著。(說(shuō)話時(shí),并不一定在進(jìn)行)二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為has/havebeendoneThisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.這本書已被譯為多國(guó)語(yǔ)言。Hisbikeshavebeensoldout.他的自行車已賣完了。2.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的含義現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，它有兩層意思：(1)動(dòng)作已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。(2)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned,soyouneedn’tcleanitnow.我們的教室已經(jīng)打掃過(guò)，所以現(xiàn)在你沒(méi)必要再打掃了。Theseflowershavebeenwatered.Yoncangohome.這些花已經(jīng)澆過(guò)水了。你可以回家了。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(1)用于不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)。Hisbikehasbeenstolen.他的自行車被人偷了。(不清楚是誰(shuí)偷的)Notabookinthelibraryhasbeentakenaway.圖書館里的書沒(méi)有一本被人拿走。(沒(méi)人拿書，不言自明)(2)用于可以說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，但動(dòng)作的承受者是談話中心或特別需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)。Mywatchhasbeenrepaired.我的表修好了。(表修好了是談話的主旨，是誰(shuí)修好的無(wú)關(guān)緊要，不必提及)(4)用于動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)。Thehousehasbeenwashedawaybythestorm.那棟房子已被暴雨沖走了。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種句式Hishomeworkhasn’tbeenfinished.他的家庭作業(yè)還沒(méi)有寫完。Hasthisbridgebeenfinished?

這座橋竣工了嗎?Whyhashebeenpraisedbyhisteacher?

為什么他被老師表?yè)P(yáng)了?

5.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如borrow,finish,begin,start,marry等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。這本字典借了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?→Howlonghasthisdictionarybeenborrowed?(×)→Howlonghasthisdictionarybeenkept?(√)當(dāng)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性時(shí)間一道使用時(shí)，必須要在句意不變的情況下，把“非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”改變成為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如，我能借讀這本書三天。Icankeepthebookforthreedays.我入黨十年了。Ijoinedthepartytenyearsago.Itis(hasbeen)10yearssinceIjoinedtheparty.Ihavebeenamemberofthepartyfortenyears.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換在延續(xù)時(shí)間句的變化，并不是完全沒(méi)有規(guī)律可循的，大致可歸納：用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換(1)buy→have,borrow→keep,puton→wear,catch/get→have,come/go/become→be用be＋名詞（名詞詞組）形式轉(zhuǎn)換(2)jointheparty→beamemberoftheparty,jointhearmy→beasoldier用be＋介詞形式來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換(3)gotoschool→beinschool用be＋形容詞（副詞）形式轉(zhuǎn)換die→bedead,finish→beover,begin/start→beon,close→beclosed,open→beopen,fallasleep→beasleep,reach/arriveat(in)/cometo→bein(at),comeout→beout,leave→beaway,move→beoutof,wake→beawake,marry/getmarried→bemarried.[鞏固習(xí)題]用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.—What’sthatnoise?—Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine____________(test).Listen!Theproject____________(discuss)atthemeetingnow.Look!Theforeignguests____________(show)aroundourschoolbyMr.Zhang.Thepatient____________(examine)now.Hewillcomeoutsoon.Thisbook______________(translate)intomanylanguages.Ourclassroom___________________(clean):youneedn’tcleanitnow.Thehouse_________________(wash)awaybythestorm.Bynowthehouse__________________(paint)twice.Uptonownoconclusion__________________(reach)aboutwhothefirstprizeshouldgoto.10.Alotofsurvivors____________________(rescue)bythesoldiersinthatareawheretheearthquakehappenedsinceyesterday.語(yǔ)法填空Wearesadtoknowthatnowadaysgreatdamage1_______________(do)toanimalsbyhumanbeings.Manyanimalsareendangeredbecausetheirhabitats2_______________(threaten)now.Rainforests3_____________(cut)atsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.Riversandlakes4______________(pollute)byfactories.Anotherreasonwhymanyspeciesofanimalsaredyingoutisthat5________________(kill)eitherforfoodorforclothing.Whatifwecontinuetodowhateverwelike?Thankfully,thereisanorganization6_______________(call)WWF,whichisveryconcernedaboutthisproblem.Withitshelp,wildlifepark7________________(set)uptoprotectendangeredanimals8_____________(recent).Forexample,theAfricanelephantsnow9___________(protect)inawildlifeparkbyWWFandtheirnumber10___________________(increase)quickly.翻譯句子熊貓正受到人們的保護(hù)。_____________________________________________________________________________這個(gè)事件正受到更多的關(guān)注。_____________________________________________________________________________這個(gè)學(xué)校正接受市長(zhǎng)的檢查。_____________________________________________________________________________我們已經(jīng)被告知運(yùn)動(dòng)將會(huì)被推遲。_____________________________________________________________________________問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有被解決。_______________________________________________________________